高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 第2讲　提示词为名词、代词、数词和形容词

第2讲提示词为名词、代词、数词和形容词高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025类型1提示词为名词技法点拨

空前有these,several,many,various等表示复数含义的修饰词,或空处作主语,谓语动词是动词原形或复数形式名词变复数空处与所修饰的名词之间构成所属关系名词用所有格形式空处在句中作表语,或作定语修饰名词名词转换成形容词空处在句中作谓语名词转换成动词典型例题1.(2024九省联考)Now,mostpeoplereachfor____________(keyboard)fasterthantheypickuppens.2.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)Thelatest①____________(engineer)techniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective②____________(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.3.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern____________(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.keyboardsengineeringfunctionalfavourites4.(2024全国甲卷)Theyare____________(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遗产).5.(2023全国甲卷)____________(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.6.(2022全国甲卷)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore_____________(meaning).treasuresDifferentmeaningful解析

1.考查名词的数。句意:现在,大多数人拿起键盘的速度比拿起笔的速度还快。根据空格前的介词for可知,空格处应填名词作宾语,keyboard为可数名词,前面没有冠词应用名词的复数形式。故填keyboards。2.①考查名词。engineer作名词,意思是“工程师”;作动词,意思是“设计,建造”。engineering是名词,意思是“工程;工程学”。此处用名词修饰名词,engineering

techniques意思是“工程技术”。故填engineering。②考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰后面的名词structure,function作名词,意思是“功能,作用”。functional意思是“功能的,职能的,实用的”。functional

structure“功能建筑物”。故填functional。3.考查名词复数。favourite作形容词,意思是“最喜欢的”,作名词,意思是“最喜爱的人或物”。空前有形容词modern

Western修饰,且填空处作included的宾语,所以此处考查favourite作名词的用法。such

as后面列举的多个事物,所以最喜爱的东西不止一个,用favourite的复数形式。故填favourites。4.考查名词复数。treasure作为“瑰宝”讲是可数名词,结合句意和上下文,这里指的是国家公园作为美国遗产的一部分,应使用复数形式treasures。句意:它们是美国遗产的瑰宝。5.考查形容词。be

different

from意为“与……不同”,是固定短语,此处作状语,故填Different。6.考查形容词。此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词)”结构,故填meaningful。[名师点津]1.名词转换为形容词的后缀(1)n.+-ablehonor→honorable可敬的(2)n.+-alnature→natural自然的;天生的music→musical音乐的;悦耳的(3)n.+-fulcolour→colourful颜色鲜艳的meaning→meaningful有意义的(4)n.+-en:wood→wooden木质的(5)n.+-y:wealth→wealthy富有的2.名词变复数的规则

变化规则典型例词规则变化一般在词尾加-s;如果是以ch,sh,s,x等结尾的单词,则加-es。trees,bikes,books,buses,watches,boxes,bushes,months辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加-es;元音字母+y结尾的单词,则直接加-s。babies,families,boys,plays以o结尾的单词除了一人(hero)、两菜(tomato,potato)加-es外,其余一般加-s。radios,photos以f或fe结尾的单词,通常把f,fe变为v再加-es。wives,knives,wolves变化规则典型例词特殊变化man→men,woman→women;tooth→teeth,foot→feet;child→children;mouse→mice单复数同形Chinese,Japanese,species,sheep,deer,fish[注意]1.除了上表中的情况以外,还有一些特殊变化的名词,如:German→Germans;human→humans;stomach→stomachs;chief→chiefs;belief→beliefs等。2.两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词为复数,如appletrees,factoryworkers等;但是和man,woman组成的合成词两个词都要变复数,如womenteachers,mendoctors等。3.名词的所有格(1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s;(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,通常在词尾加’。类型2提示词为代词技巧点拨提示词为代词,当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作主语时,应考虑人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)形式。(2)分析句子结构,发现提示词作宾语时,应考虑人称代词宾格(me,us,him等)形式。(3)分析句子结构,发现提示词作定语时,应考虑形容词性物主代词(our,my,your等)。(4)分析句子结构,发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,应考虑反身代词(myself,yourself,itself等)。

典型例题1.(2024九省联考)However,hebelievesthatthepracticewithfountainpenshelpsstudentstofocus,towritefaster,andtheycanfeelproudof____________(they).

2.(2024全国甲卷)Thisarea,with____________(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreservedforallpeopleofthenationtoenjoy—asanationalpark.3.(2024辽宁县级重点高中二模)HikersattheGreatWallthathavecomeacrossZhouWenjunconsider____________(they)lucky.themselves

itsthemselves解析

1.考查代词。句意:然而,他认为,用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力,写得更快,他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据空格前的介词of可知,空格处应填代词作宾语,根据句意“他们自己”应用themselves。故填themselves。2.考查代词。这里应用形容词性物主代词“its”作定语,修饰后面的名词beauty。句意:这个地方,以其独特而令人惊叹的自然美景,必须被很好保护供全国人民欣赏。3.考查代词。根据句意可知,当宾语和主语所指相同时,宾语要用反身代词。故填themselves。类型3提示词为数词技巧点拨

提示词常为基数词,但是在句中常常考查序数词形式,一般需要在该词后面加后缀-th。易错的序数词有:first第一,second第二,third第三,fourth第四,fifth第五,eighth第八,ninth第九,eleventh第十一,twelfth第十二等。典型例题(2023全国甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe

(six)century,B.C.解析

考查序数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。sixth类型4提示词为形容词技巧点拨

空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句形容词变为副词确定变比较级或最高级时,可利用以下3点判断:①等级判定看标志;②利用固定句型;③利用隐含信息判断变比较级或最高级①被冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰时,要考虑名词;②作介词或及物动词的宾语时要考虑名词形容词变为名词根据句意和前后逻辑关系,确定句意表否定时,添加否定前缀(un-,im-,dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词加词缀变反义词典型例题1.(2024九省联考)Today,awriter____________(simple)throwsanemptypenawayandgetsanewone.2.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutewhichbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe____________(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.3.(2024全国甲卷)Yellowstonewasthe________(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,whichbecameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.

simplyrichnesslargest解析

1.考查副词。句意:今天,一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉,再买一支新的。空格处作状语,修饰动词throws,应用副词形式。故填simply。2.考查名词。根据空前面的much

of

the以及空后面的of可知此处需要名词,且是不可数名词。rich的名词是richness,意思是“丰富”。3.考查形容词的最高级。根据句意和句子结构可知,the后面跟形容词的最高级形式largest。句意:黄石国家公园是美国最大的国家公园。[名师点津]形容词变成副词、比较级、最高级或名词项目变化方法变成副词1.一般在形容词后直接加-ly;2.以“y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ly;3.以e结尾时,若e前为元音字母,则要先去e再加-ly,如true→truly;若e前为辅音字母,直接加-ly,如:politely,widely等比较级一般在词尾加-er;以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写这一辅音字母再加-er;以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,把y变i再加-er;多音节词在其前加more最高级一般在词尾加-est;双音节词在其前加most;特殊词有特殊变化(如:best,worst等)变成名词添加后缀,如:-y,-ty,-ity;-cy,-age,-dom,-ence,-ance,-ness,-th等课堂应用Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.ItwasthefirstroadinChinawiththreecoloreddividinglines,andhas

(successful)appliedfornationalintellectualpropertycertification.

2.Thechangewasextremelyunpopular,butitwasnecessary.FinlandandNorwayareSweden’sneighboring

(country).

3.The24solartermsaredeterminedbychangesinthe

(sun)positioninthezodiac(黄道带)duringtheyear.

4.Formostofthetime,Ghanaianstudentsattheinstituteinvolve

(they)inthelearningoftheChineselanguageandtraditionalChineseculture.

successfullycountriessun’sthemselves5.However,becauseof

(it)altitude,it’ssuchagreatchallengetobothone’sphysicalabilityandmind.

6.

(fortunate),Sivleyownedafour-wheeldrive,whichwasfullyequippedwithhooks,chainsandrecoverytowstraps(拖带),andcapableofpullingover40,000pounds.

7.China’scommitmenttoengage300millionpeopleinwintersportshasalreadybecomea

(real).

8.“Ihopethatwecanturnvillagesintomorebeautifulplacesandmakevillagersget

(rich),”Wangsaid.

itsFortunatelyrealityricher9.AlthoughfailingtoqualifyfortheFIFAWorldCupfinalssoccertournamentinQatar,Chinamadeahugecontributiontothe

(large)globalsportingeventintheworld.

10.Thebesttimetostartthinkingaboutpossiblecareersiswhileyouarestillatschool,beforeyoumakeanychoiceaboutyour

(far)education.

largestfurtherⅡ.语篇填空A(2024河北张家口三模)Largecloisonne(JingtailaninChinese)vases,strikingplatesandothercolorfulpieces1.

(display)inBeijingGongmeiGroup’sarts-and-craftsfactory’sstudionearYonghegonginthecapitalattractalotofvisitors.

Gazeupontheselongenough,andyouwillbesurprisedbythe2.

(diverse)ofdistinctiveChinesepatternstracedbycountlessthingoldenwires.

displayeddiversity“It’ssaidthatthereare108stepsin3.

processofproducingcloisonnegoods,”saysZhangYongzhen,thefactory’sdirector,4.

haspracticedthecraftforfourdecades.“Thetraditionalhandicraftisverycomplicated.Noonecanfinishtheprocess5.

(complete)byhimselforherself.It’sadelicateartthattakesdedicationtoeverysmallstep.”

Thefundamentalsofmakingcloisonneinclude6.

(shape)theobject’sbody;bendingandinlayingcopper(铜)wires7.

(present)surfacepatterns,coloringthesewires,heatingandfinally,polishingandgilding(镀金).thewhocompletelyshapingto

presentThetechniquewasintroduced8.

Chinainthelate13thcentury.It’sbelievedthatcloisonnereacheditspeakand9.

(give)itspresentChinesenameduringEmperorJingtaiintheMingDynasty.LanmeansblueinChinese.Thecraftwas10.

(far)developedintheQingDynasty,followinginnovationsincopper-smeltingtechniques.

towas

givenfurther答案与解析

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过北京工美展厅的景泰蓝作品,介绍了景泰蓝的特点、工艺及其历史发展。1.displayed

考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为attract,空前的主语与display在逻辑上是动宾关系,所以设空处用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填displayed。2.diversity

考查词性转换。根据空前的定冠词“the”可知,此处应用名词形式作宾语。故填diversity。3.the

考查冠词。空后的of

producing

cloisonne

goods对process进行限定,所以此处表示特指,应使用定冠词。故填the。4.who

考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词指人,作主语,故填who。5.completely

考查词性转换。此处为副词作状语修饰finish。故填completely。6.shaping

考查非谓语动词。此处用动词-ing形式作include的宾语,并与后面的bending

and

inlaying等并列。故填shaping。7.to

present

考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语。故填to

present。8.to

考查介词。be

introduced

to意为“引进”,为固定搭配。故填to。9.was

given

考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。It作形式主语,that从句为真正的主语,从句中cloisonne是主语,reached和设空处为并列的谓语,cloisonne和动词give之间为被动关系,且根据“reached”可知,此处要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was

given。10.further

考查副词比较级。根据语境可知,此处表示进一步的发展,应该用副词的比较级作状语。故填further。B(2024山东滨州二模)Chinaaimstoaccelerateresearchanddevelopmentofkeycoretechnologiesandapplication-orientedtechnologicalinnovationsthisyear,saidLiuZhenfang,presidentofChinaStateRailwayGroup.Liu,alsoadeputytothe14thNationalPeople’sCongress,saidtheywouldcontinueto1.

(immense)promoteindependentresearchandtheindustrialapplicationofkeycoretechnologiesthisyear2.

(boost)self-relianceinrailwaytechnology.

China’shigh-speedrailwaysareasuccessfulexampleofindependentinnovationinourcountry,andtheoveralltechnologicallevelofChina’srailways3.

(enter)theforefrontoftheworldsofar.

immenselyto

boosthas

enteredThegroupplanstounveilamoreadvancedbullettrain,theCR450—with4.

topoperatingspeedof400km/handanexperimentalspeedofupto450km/h—bynextyear.

Currently,thefastestbullettrainsinChina5.

(programme)atspeedsof350km/halongseverallines,includingtheBeijing-ShanghaiHigh-SpeedRailwayandtheBeijing-TianjinHigh-SpeedRailway.Atrain6.

(travel)at400km/hwouldshortenthejourney7.

BeijingtoShanghaito2.5hours.Chinaaimstoachievetechnological8.

(breakthrough)toimproveoperat