CIC灼识咨询-自适应机器人行业白皮书-China Insights Consultancy Adaptive Robotics White Paper

CIC灼识咨询CICchinaInsightsconsultancy©2025ChinaInsightsConsultancNopartofitmaybecirculated,quoted,copiedorotherwisereproducedwithoutthewrittenconsentofChinaInsightsConsultancy.lnhtClnhtCntanyCCchnailsigsosulchnaconsulting,commercialdueScantoaddCICAssistantrecentyears,collaborativerobotshavedrivenflexibleproductioasdemandgrowsformultitasking,cross-scenario,andadaptivecapabilities,bothinadaptability,fallingshortincomplexanddynamicsettingsthatrequireintelli•WiththerapidprogressofgenerativeAI,largefoundationmodels,andmultimodalinteraction,thalgorithms”to“intelligence+embodiment.”Asthebridgebetweenintelmanipulationandgeneralizationabilities.Inthiscontext,adaptiverobots,emergingasthenext-generationformofrobotics,enablingembodiedintelligenceinreal-worldapplic•Thisreportfocusesontheroleandvalueofadaptiverobotswithinthegeneralintelligencesystem,examiningthdeploymentpotentialacrossindustrialandservicescenarios,toclarifytheirtechnicalstrengths,ecosystem•Duringthecompilationofthisreport,wemaintainedatrendsoftheadaptiveroboticsindustry.Thefollowingexplainsthespecificresearchapproache1.InformationCollectionandResearch:Throughpdownstreamoftheadaptiveroboticsindustrychain.Primarydatafocusedonindustryoperations,whi•PrimaryResearch:Weconductedin-depthinterviewswithexpertsfromvariousupstreamand•IndustryTracking:Wecontinuouslyfollowedrepresentativeenterprisesacrosstheadaptiveroboticssupp•CaseStudy:Bysystematicallyandevelopmenthistory,drivingforces,andcompetitionlandscape,3Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancy34Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancy45Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancy56V.CaseStudiesVI.Appendix7LaborSupplyandDemandImbalance23StructuralLaborShortag23StructuralLaborShortageyoungergenerationsofworkers,intensifyingtheissueofworkers”acrossmultipleindustries.securitycosts,andashworkers,laborexpensesforent1DecliningLaborSupp•Withdemographicshiftsandchangesincontinuestodecline,andsomeindusarealreadyexperiencingstructurallabshortagesduetoinsufficientlabo8Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancy814.7%28.7%29.1%40.7%40.2%18.0%16.0%2020202421.8%22.9%29.2%29.3%35.2%34.1%13.8%13.7%20202024CAGR2020-2024EuropeanUnionSub-SaharanAfricaOthers-0.3%0.8%2.5%14.7%28.7%29.1%40.7%40.2%18.0%16.0%2020202421.8%22.9%29.2%29.3%35.2%34.1%13.8%13.7%20202024CAGR2020-2024EuropeanUnionSub-SaharanAfricaOthers-0.3%0.8%2.5%3.4%MillionPeopleGlobalAverage4,0003,4803,5603,6003,6503,7003,0002,000 784 167214 413 533780769772774 167216 429 169219 443 172221 478 174221 4565505695896081,00001,3701,4171,4311,4181,46720202021202220232024withsomeregionsevenexperiGloballaborforcepopulation,20•GloballaborforcegrowthshowssignificantregionalGloballaborforcepopulation,20•Globallaborforcegrowthshowssignificantregionalshrinking,withintensifiedshortagesofskilledworkers.Thisimbalancewillfurtherresgloballaborstructures,acceleratingautomatioAge0-14Age45-64Age65+CAGR2020-2024-0.3%-1.2%2020-20242024-2029E-0.2%-1.0%X%LaborforceturningnegCAGR2024-2029EAge0-14Age45-64Age65+CAGR2020-2024-0.3%-1.2%2020-20242024-2029E-0.2%-1.0%X%LaborforceturningnegCAGR2024-2029ECAGRCAGR9Source:WorldBank,ChinaInsightsConsultancy9LaborSupplyandDemandImbalanceLaborcostscontinuetorise,erodingAverageannualwagegrowthinChina,2020-2029ECAGRCAGR2022-20242024-2029EThousandRMBAverageWages4.3%2.5%160ManufacturingAverageWages5.2%2.8%140.0121.0124.0125.0140.0121.0124.0125.0129.0119.9123.8120114.0112.9116.1107.0104.0108.0109.110097.492.597.582.8400202020212022202320242025E2026E2027E2028E2029EProfitabilityofmanufacturingsectorunderpressureProfitabilityofmanufacturingsectorunderpressureProfitmarginofChina’sautomotiveindustry,2020-20246.2%4.3%20202021202220232024202020246.1%5.7%5.0%Source:worldbank,nationalbureauofstatisticsofChina,ChinaInsightsConsultancyAssemblyWeldingAssemblyLaborSupplyandDemandImbalanceAssemblyWeldingAssemblyrecruitmentandretentiHot;humid;noisyanddangerHot;humid;noisyanddangerworkStandardized,highlyStandardized,highlyrepeatSource:NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina,ChinaInsightsConsultancyNote:Thenumberoffooddeliveryridersandride-hailingdriversisbasedSource:NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina,ChinaInsightsConsultancyKeytraitsofnew-generationlaborpreferences:fixedschedules,andwork-opportunities.values,notjustincome.hoursandself-pacedworkflows.Mismatchbetweenmanufacturingjobsandlaborpreferences:2024GraduateCareerConsumer&Service28%workoverfactoryjobs•2020,~25%ofdeliveryLaborShortage&RobotQuantityCurrently,automationinmanChina’smanufacturingsectorhasovertenmillionworkerChina’smanufacturingsectorhasovertenmillionworkershortagesChina’sindustrialrobotdeploymentcannoThousand4202022IndustrialproductionIndustrialtechnical•Industrialpositions>60%ConsumerservicePublicservice•Industrialproductionroles~40%OthersmetalprocessTheagingpopulationcontinuestowident2024:2030E:•Elderpopulation220million,15.6%oftotal•Elderpopulation260million,18.7%oftotal•Working-agepopulation860million,•Working-agepopulation830million,59.7%61.0%oftotaloftotal22%22%40%▲40%▲22%22%electronicsgrindingweldingelectronicsgrindingwelding2016201720182019202020212023202420162017201820192020202120232024Source:IFR,ChinaNationalCommitteeonAgeing,ChinaInsightsConsultancyV.CaseStudiesVI.AppendixOverviewofRobotCapabilityLevelsThefunctionalcapabilitiesofrobotscanbeclassifiedinto“motioncapability”and“manipulationcapability”. •Referstotheabilitytomoveautonomouslyorchangestateswithinphysicalspace,coveringbasiclocomotionandcomplexdynamicmovementssuchaswalking,running,jumping,rolling,orclimbingobstacles.JumptumbleRobotClassificationStandar•Robotsarecategorizedintofivelevels(L0–L4)basedontheirmotionandmanipulationcapabilities,whereL0representsthelowestandL4thehighestcapability.Theoverallcapabilitylevelofarobotisdeterminedbytheaverageofitsmotionandmanipulationlevels.•Forexample,aleggedrobotwithmanipulationatL2andmotionatL3hasanoverallcapabilityofapproximatelyL2.5,whileanadaptivecompositerobotwithmanipulationatL4andmotionatL3reachesaroundL3.5.•Referstotheabilitytoperformpreciseanddelicatephysicalinteractionsthroughmechanicalarms,end-effectors,ormulti-degree-of-freedom“hands,”includinggrasping,assembly,cutting,insertion,andpressing.AssembleCrossPressWalkGrabRunCutCurrent-ControlledCurrent-ControlledManipulatorAMRmobileAMRManipulatorL2QRcodeAGVL2MagneticAGVCurrent-ControlledCobotTorque-ControlledCobotCurrent-ControlledCobotTorque-ControlledCobotIndustrialrobotL0MachineL0Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancyOverviewofRobot’sMotionCapabilitiesRoboticmobilityclassWeakerApplicableExampleMachinemobility3DFixedroboticarm///L0L2••aswarehousesMagneticAGV••warehousesQRcodeAGV••Semi-structuredindoorhotelsAMRAMRDeliverDeliverrobotLeggedrobotHumanoidRobotsSource:ChinaInsightsConsultancyOverviewofRobot’sMotionCapabilitiesL3motion-capablerobotshaveachievedlargL3motion-capablerobotshaveachievedlargGlobalAMRSolutionMarketSize,2020-2029EBillionRMBCA2019-2024Total0202020212022202320242025E2026E2027E2028E2029E2024-2029E34.0%31.6%33.1%32.4%27.9%30.7%885L4robotsareapproachinghumanmotioncapabilitiesL4robotsareapproachinghumanmotioncapabilitiesL4robotscanwalkorrunundervariousenvironmentalconditions:L4robotscanalsoperformcomplexdynamicmovementsrequiringbalanceandagility:StairsSource:ChinaInsightsConsultancyOverviewofRobotManipulationCapabilitiesOOWeakerAdaptabilityApplicable/AdaptabilityApplicable///disturbancerejection///•OnlyapplicabletorigidtasksMachineAMRExampleExampleCollaborationReal-timeadjustmentTaskgeneralizationPosedeviationcompensationCollaborationReal-timeadjustmentTaskgeneralizationPosedeviationcompensationPerceptionL0L0ExternalforceExternalforcesensorattachable/Lessrealtimeadjustment///•Applicabletosemi-rigidtasksbasicforce-sensingcapabilityBasicsafetyfunctionsCapableofcertaindegreeofreal-timeadjustment•Applicabletosemi-rigidtasksandhumancollaborationCurrent-ControlledCobotLeggedrobotOmni-directionalforcesensingcapabilityCapableofcertaindegreeofreal-timeadjustment•Applicabletosemi-flexibletasksortaskswithhighsafetyrequirementIndustrialIndustrialrobotL2L2Torque-ControlledTorque-ControlledCobotHighresponsiveHighresponsivesafetyfunctionsAdaptiverobot•Adaptiverobot•widerangeofhuman-comparabletasksacrossvariousscenariosOmni-directionalandhigh-precisionforcesensingOmni-directionalandhigh-precisionforcesensingHighlyagileintrinsicallysafeFastandflexiblereal-timeadjustmentNote:AllrobotsfromL1toL4possessposition-sensingcapability.Posedeviationcompensationreferstothemaximumallowabledeviationatwhicharobotcanstillcompletetheintendedtaskwhenthereisadifferencebetweentheactualposeoftheend-effectorandtheexpectedposerequiredbythetask.Disturbancerejectioncapabilityreferstotherobot’sabilitytocompletetheintendedtaskunderexternaldisturbances.Taskgeneralizationreferstotherobot’sabilitytoberapidlydeployedinothersimilarscenariosandautonomouslycompletesimilartasksbasedontheexperienceofaccomplishingonetask.Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancyOverviewofRobotManipulationCapabilitiesaddresscomplexanddynamicoperaInactualindustrialandserviceenvironments,operationobjectsInactualindustrialandserviceenvironments,operationobjectsexhibitsignificantnon-standardcharacteristics,reflectedinthefollowingaspects:•Physicalpropertyvariations:Objectsmaydifferinflexibility,deformability,orirregularshapesandstructures.•Toleranceanddeviation:Dimensionalinconsistenciesorshapedeviationsduringmanufacturingandassembly,aswellassensingandcalibrationerrors,canleadtooperationalinaccuracies.•Naturalindividualdifferences:Agriculturalproducts,meats,andaquaticproductsnaturallyvaryinsize,shape,color,andtexture.CableGlueDifferentscrewsErrorcomponentCropsInreal-worldproductionandservicescenarios,robotsarerequiredtoperformvarioustaskformsthatextendbeyondsimple“point-to-pointmovements”or“linearexecutions.”:•Diverseunderlyingmotionpatterns:Grasping,plugging,wiping,andotheroperationsinvolveforcecontrol,trajectoryplanning,andsensorfusion,allexhibitingsignificantdifferencesintheirunderlyingactuationmechanisms.•Complexinteractivetasks:Examplesincludecollaborativehandling,co-assembly,andothermulti-agenttasksthatdemandreal-timeperception,decision-making,andsafetycontrol. PolishingFoodprocessingAssemblyPlug-inGluing2operatingenvironmentsInpracticalapplications,operatingenvironmentsoftenfeaturehighdiversityanddynamicvariability,extendingfarbeyondstandardizedorenclosedspaces.：•Complexspatialstructures:Workspacesfrequentlycontainmulti-layered,irregular,oropenstructurallayouts.•Frequentexternaldisturbances:Vibrations,dust,steam,andelectromagneticinterferencecanallaffectcontrolprecisionandoperationalstability.•Dynamicenvironmentalconditions:Humanmovement,equipmentoperation,andvariationsinlightingorreflectionscontinuouslyalterenvironmentalstates,increasingcontrolchallenges.FactoryWarehousefloorOutdoorHomeHotel1 ThelackofversatilityincurrentrobotsnecessitatesacomplexarrayofmodelsanTakingABBasanexampletherearenearly30differentrobotmodelsavailablesolelyforthesGoFaCRB15000IRB910INVIRB930IRB1100SWIFTICRB1100SWIFTICRB1300IRB1660IDIRB1200Lite+IRB8700Source:Publicinformation,ChinainsightsConsultancyOverviewofGeneral-purposeIntelligentRobotsLeggedrobotsGeneral-PurposeIntelligentLeggedrobotsGeneral-PurposeIntelligentRobotsAdaptivemobilemanipulatorAdaptivemobilemanipulatorAMRAMRAGVMagneticAGVTorque-ControlledCobotIndustrialrobotsAdaptiveTorque-ControlledCobotIndustrialrobotsAdaptiverobotsMachineCobotGeneral-purposeGeneral-purposeintelligentrobotsrepresenttheultimatestageofrobotictechnologydevelopment.Theyarecapableofautonomouslyperformingmultiplecomplextasksindynamicandunstructuredenvironments.•L4mobilitycapability：theabilitytoachievehuman-levelspatiallocomotionwithouthumanintervention,includingwalking,running,jumping,rolling,andotherformsofmovement.•L4manipulationcapability：theabilitytoperformfineandpreciseoperationswithouthumanintervention,suchasgrasping,assembling,andtoolusage,whileconductingreal-timeperception,planning,decision-making,andexecutioninresponsetotaskobjectivesandenvironmentalchanges.Definationofgeneral-purposeintelvarietyofcomplextasksacrossHandlingInspectionHandlingInspectionAssemblyAssemblyPolishingPolishingTighteningTighteningCookingNursingCookingNursingCleaningCleaningSortingSortingPreparationPreparationCaregivingPickingCaregivingPickingDeliveryDeliverySanitationSanitationGuidanceGuidanceSource:ChinaInsightsConsultancyV.CaseStudiesVI.AppendixAdaptiverobotsasAdaptiverobotsastheexecutionfoundationfor Performdifferenttaskswithoutreplacingcontrollersoralgorithmframeworks.Featurescompliancecontrolanddynamicfeedbackcapabilities,adaptingtomanipulatedobjectswithvaryingshapes,stiffness,andweights.Featuresdynamicadaptation,automaticallyadjustingstrategiesduringoperationswithoutmanualintervention.Combinedwithmobileplatforms,enablingflexibledeploymentacrossdifferentplease.Operationlogicandcontrolsystemsareportable,adaptingtonewscenarioswithoutreconstruction.Lowdeploymentthresholdandhighreuseefficiencyenablerapiddeployment.DefinitionofAdaptiveRobotsandtaskgeneralization,formingtheexecutionfoundaticompensation•Strongadaptiveforcecontrolstrategy•Hand–eyecompensation•Strongadaptiveforcecontrolstrategy•Hand–eyecoordinationandautonomousexecution•Modularizedtoolinterfaces•Rapidtaskswitchingandinteractivelearningviamulti-dimensionaldatafeedback•Therobotcanquicklyexecutevarioustaskssuchaspolishing,assembling,handling,andfoldingwithoutmanualprogramming.ByopeningtaskAPIs,itachievesefficientreuseandrapidadaptation,greatlyenhancingtaskgeneralizationcapability.•Achieveadaptiverobotoperationtasks•Achieveadaptive•High-frequencyforcesensing•Automaticcorrectionofmismatchcontrolofthe•Real-timeadjustmentbetweenduringinsertiontasks,reducingdesiredtargetandactualend-effectorrelianceonprecisepre-positioningofoperationalforceworkpiecesandimprovingoperationposturefor•Vision-basedrecognitionrobustnessinflexibleassemblyroboticactuatorscombinedwithcommandfusionscenarios.•Achieveadaptiveresponsetoexternalenvironmentaldisturbances•Compliancecontrol•Motionconstraintcontrol•Dynamictrajectoryplanning•Whole-bodyforceandtorquecoordinationplanning•Inclutteredordynamicenvironments,therobotcanstablycompleteoperationssuchasobjectplacementandinsertionthroughwhole-bodydynamicplanning,avoidingcollisionorjamming,andadaptingtocomplextaskssuchaslarge-assemblyoperations.operationaltargets,tasks,andenvironmentswithinunstructurelevelcapabilitiesinposedeviationcompensation,disturbancerejection,andtaskgeneralizaTechnicalpathwaySource:ChinaSource:ChinaInsightsConsultancyAdaptiveRobotsTechnologyPathwayTypicalperceptionparPositionDistanceAngleSizeHighlysusceptibleiOcclusion:overlappingorpartiallyhiddentargetscauserecognitionerrors.Color:thesameobjectmaybemisidentifiedunderdifferentcolorsorlightingconditions.Background:complexbackgroundsaffectobjectsegmentationandedgedetection.Lighting:reflection,shadow,orinsufficientilluminationleadstoblurrededgesormisjudgment.1generalizationContactstateCannotconfirmtouchorcontactpointForcemagnitudeUnabletodistinguishheavyvs.lightcontactFrictionchangeWhetherthecontactstate:Loose/TightgeneralizationContactstateCannotconfirmtouchorcontactpointForcemagnitudeUnabletodistinguishheavyvs.lightcontactFrictionchangeWhetherthecontactstate:Loose/TightDeformationstateWhethertheobjectflattenedResistancefeedbackCannotassessobjectstiffnessorobstructionAffectedobjecttypesFruit/plantsGlassBagsMeatQMissingWiresHumanbody42Vision-basedrobotscanonly“seefirst,thenact,”adjustsimultaneously.”AcquisitionRecognitionComputingOutput•High-precisionsensorsreached/surpassedthecapabilitiesofhumaneye.3SensorParametersSpatialResolutionMillimeter-levelMillimeter-levelDetectiongapsMillimeter-levelMicrometer-NanometerlevelDetectionMillimeterMicrometer-mismatch-levelNanometerlevelAbsolutepositioningaccura•CumulativespatialdevfromfactorssuchasstructdeformationandtheSource:ChinaInsightsConsultancyAdaptiveRobotsTechnologyPathwayHapticsistheearliestandmoHapticsistheearliestandmoinfants,andalsotheprimarExample-Infantgraspingbehavior:SmellPresentaHapticsisthecoresenenvironmentanddynamicallycorrectRecognizingthemetaltexture,shapeSensingcontactandensuringcorrectinsertionPerceivingresistancechGuidingThroughoutthisproVisionplaysasecondaryroleDetectingthekeyholeedgeandresistanceExample-Openingadoorwithakey:42351Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancyDifferentbasictasksCommonmovementsPlugginginpowercords,conDifferentbasictasksCommonmovementsPlugginginpowercords,connectingUSBports…Plug-inPressingcomponents,Closinglids,fittingparts…PressPolishing,wiping,applyingglue…WipeScrewing,tighteningcaps,connectingpipes…CTwistOpeninglids,pickingupobjects…Decomposecomplexactionsintocombinationsofsimplerfundamentalmovements.Assembleaplugandtightenthefixingnut(Insertconnector-Rotatenut-Pressbuckle)习+C+Replaceabatterycover(Pressbuckle-Slidecover-Insertnewcover)Solderacircuitboard(Positionsolderingpoint-Maintaincontact-Cleanflux)Force-control-basedadaptiverobotseffectivelyaddressthel•Replantrajectory;longerresponselatencyForce-control-basedrobotscanbetteradapttodesktopvibrations,enablingsurfacewipinganditemorganization.environmentaldisturbancesandcontinutrajectoriesandforceapplicationstratcontactandreal-timefine-tuning•Continuous≥1,000HzFeedback≤100Hz1MovementMovementRecognize&leveragethecommonalityAmongdifferentoperations.Challengesinvision/trajector•Freshmeatvariessignificantlyintype,size,thickness,andplacementangles.•Itissoftandeasilydeformableunderforce,it’shardtomaintainastablecuttingtrajectory.Force-control-basedroboticoperat•Theknifefirstmovestoapositionabovethetarget.•Itthensensesforcechangesinrealtimeandgentlytouchesthemeattoconfirmcontact.•Basedonthedynamicperceptionofforcevariations,adjuststhecuttingdepthandcuttingspeed.•Duringthecuttingprocess,needscontinuouslymakesfinepostureadjustmentstomaintainstablecuttingforce,ensuringcuttingqualityandoperationalsafety.Throughreal-timeforcefeedbackandadjustment,thesystemcanbetterhandlenon-standardobjectswhilemaintainingstableexecutionundernon-standardconditions.Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancyV.CaseStudiesVI.AppendixPotentialMarketSizeforAdaptiveRobotsinEverySettingstrillionsofdollars.MobilityOther3Industrial4Food&FMCG7Frontier7Note:Otherindustrialscenariosincluderawmaterialprocessing,metalproductsandequipmentmanufacturing,garmentprocessing,etc.Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancy1PotentialMarket1PotentialMarketSizeforAdaptiveRobotsinE&E Globalconsumerelectronicsmarketsizebycategory,2024Globalhomeentertainmentmarketbyproductsegm82TelevisionTheaterTelevisionTheaterVideo4Source:Euromonitor,ChinainsightsConsultancySource:Euromonitor,ChinainsightsConsultancyNote:Mobiledevicesincludesmartphones,wirelessearphones,cameras,andwearables.In-vehicleentertainmentincludesmultimediasystems,navigationsystems,andonboardspeakers.ComponentinstallationTest&packingSubstratecleaningSubstratecuttingAdsorptiontransportBlackmatrixElectrodefabricationSpacerfabricationdepositionSubstratecuttingSubstratecleaningAdsorptiontransportLiquidcrystalinjectionAdsorptiontransportComponentinstallationTest&packingSubstratecleaningSubstratecuttingAdsorptiontransportBlackmatrixElectrodefabricationSpacerfabricationdepositionSubstratecuttingSubstratecleaningAdsorptiontransportLiquidcrystalinjectionAdsorptiontransportLCDmoduleassemblySubstratecleaningPolarizerattachmentPost-processingDrivercircuitconnectionNumberofproduction-Numberofproduction-Penetrationrateof Numberofproduction-Numberofproduction-Penetrationrateof CFsubstrateGlass(3lines)GlasssubstratepreparationCell&sealing(8lines)Arraysubstrate(8lines)OutputRoboticarmsectionHuman-robotCollaborationManualsectionMachineoperationNumberofworkersNumberofrobotic CFsubstrateGlass(3lines)GlasssubstratepreparationCell&sealing(8lines)Arraysubstrate(8lines)OutputRoboticarmsectionHuman-robotCollaborationManualsectionMachineoperationNumberofworkersNumberofrobotic SealingXX EtchingAutomationrate:Assembly&test(20lines) LithographyNote:1.Production-lineworkersexcludemanagementandpersonneldedicatedtoinspection,maintenance,orremotemachineoperations.2.Penetrationrateofroboticarm=numberofroboticarm/(replacedworkers+numberofproduction-lineworkers）Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancyWorkersAdaptiverobotWorkersAdaptiverobot1~301~301%XXXX1~90%1~90%XXXX//Note:1.~30%ofthecurrentrobotresponsibleforsubstratecleaning,assembly,andtestingcanbereplacedbyadaptiverobots.2.Thereplacementratiowasdeterminedbycomprehensivelyevaluatingoperationalefficiencyandworkinghours:1)theworkingefficiencyofapairofadaptiveroboticarmsequalsthatofaworker'stwohands;2)adaptiveroboticarmscanoperate24hoursaday,replacingtwoshiftsofworkers.3.Potentialpenetrationdensity=potentialmarketsize/outputvalue.Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancy1PotentialMarketSizeforAdaptiveRobotsinE&ETV≈=TV≈=AdaptiverobotspotentialpenetrationdensityAdaptiverobotspotentialpenetrationdensity1AsworkersaretheprimarytargetsofadaptiverobotdeploymenpositivelycorrelatedwiththelaborTV2~202%=TAMofadaptiverobots2~202%=TAMofadaptiverobotsAdaptiverobotpotentialpenetrationdensityProportionofassemblyinthemobilephoneindustryGlobalmobilephoneoutputvalue3Similarly,theTAMforotherconsumerelectronicssegmentssuchascomputerTAMofglobalconsumerelectronicsNote:1.TakingFoxconnasanexample,itsannualoutputvalueisRMB1.5trillion,withapproximately900,000workers.2.Estimatesarebasedontheproportionofindustrialvalueaddedtototaloutputvalueinsmartphoneassemblyplants.Source:ChinaInsightsConsultancyFactoryoutputNumberofproduction-Numberofproduction-PenetrationrateofFactoryoutputNumberofproduction-Numberofproduction-PenetrationrateofAutomationrate:SteelcoilunrollingDegreasingChassisassemblyTransportatBodyassemblyDerustingFunctionaltestingLoading/UnloadingElectrocoatingRoboticarmsectionHuman-robotCollaborationManualsectionMachineoperationNumberofwo