河北省部分地区2025-2026学年高三上学期11月阶段性测试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河北省部分地区2025-2026学年高三上学期11月阶段性测试英语试卷第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AScientistshaveproposedanewwaytodefinedomestication(驯化).Unlikeolderviewsthatfocusedonhumancontrolorgeneticchanges,thenewdefinitionfocusesondependency.Aspeciesisconsidereddomesticatedifitssurvivalandreproductiondependonanenvironmentcreatedbyhumans.Itcannotthriveindependentlyinthewild.Thisnewdefinitionhelpsscientistsunderstandhowhumanactivitiesshapethenaturalworld.Ashumanschangeenvironments,morespeciesmaybecomedependentonusforsurvival.Italsochallengesourideasaboutwhichspeciesweconsider“domesticated,”expandingtheconceptbeyondjustanimalswekeepaspetsorfarmanimals.Thenewdefinitionofdomesticationexpandsourunderstandingofhowspeciesevolveinrelationtohumanenvironments.Byfocusingondependencyandadaptationratherthanhumanintentionorutility,wecanrecognizeabroaderrangeofdomesticatedorganisms.Dogs,bedbugs,andcornallsharethecorecharacteristicofhavingchangedovertimetodependonhumanenvironmentsforsurvival.Whiletheyrepresentdifferenttypesofrelationshipswithhumans—fromcompanionshiptoparasitismtoagriculture—theyallfitthemodernbiologicaldefinitionofdomestication.Thisperspectivechallengestraditionalcategorizationsandhighlightshowhumanactivityshapesevolutionacrossdiversespecies,whetherintentionallyorasabyproductofourenvironmentalfootprint.1.Whatisanecessityofthenewlydefined“domestication”?A.Geneticchanges. B.Artificialenvironment.C.Specialfoods. D.Self-sufficiency.2.Howdoesthenewdefinitionexpandourunderstanding?A.Itbroadenedtheconceptintoplants. B.Itchallengesourideasofdomesticated.C.Itfocusesontheadaptationofanimals. D.Itwillchangeovertimes.3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Cornsaredifferentfromdogsandbedbugs.B.Humanactivitiescanformthedevelopmentofspecies.C.Domesticationexpandsviaadaptation.D.Speciesavoidhumans.【答案】1.B2.B3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家提出驯化新定义（强调依赖性）及其对理解物种与人类关系的影响。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Aspeciesisconsidereddomesticatedifitssurvivalandreproductiondependonanenvironmentcreatedbyhumans.(如果一个物种的生存和繁殖依赖于人类创造的环境，则被视为驯化)”可知，新定义的核心必要条件是依赖人工环境。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Italsochallengesourideasaboutwhichspeciesweconsider“domesticated,”expandingtheconceptbeyondjustanimalswekeepaspetsorfarmanimals.(它也挑战了我们对“驯化物种”的认知，将这一概念拓展到宠物或农场动物之外)”可知，新定义通过挑战原有认知来拓展我们的理解。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thisperspectivechallengestraditionalcategorizationsandhighlightshowhumanactivityshapesevolutionacrossdiversespecies,whetherintentionallyorasabyproductofourenvironmentalfootprint.(这种观点挑战了传统的分类方式，突显了人类活动如何塑造不同物种的进化，无论是否出于有意，还是我们环境足迹的副产品)”可知，人类活动影响物种发展。故选B。BOnOctober24,1975,ahistoriceventtookplaceinIceland—90%ofitswomenjoinedtogetherforashared“dayoff”toprotestthegreatunfairnesstheyfaced.Formanyyears,theyhadputupwithlowerpaythanmen,commondiscriminationatwork,andpeoplealwayslookingdownontheworktheydidathome.Fedupwithbeingpushedaside,theylefttheirhousesandjobs,wantingtoshowsocietyhowimportanttheyreallywere.Thestrike’seffectwasquickandwide-ranging.Daycarecentersandschoolsclosed,makingmentakecareoftheirchildren—manyevenbroughtkidstotheiroffices.Shops,theaters,andimportantfishingfactoriesstoppedworkingwithoutwomenemployees.InReykjavík’smainsquare,25,000womengottogether,holdingsignsthatcalledforequality.Femalepoliticiansstoodonstage,encouragingmorewomentotakepartinpubliclife.Eventhoughitwasofficiallycalleda“dayoff”togetaroundlegalrulesagainststrikes,itwasastrongactofprotestthatshookthewholecountry.Thisimportantdaystartedrealchanges.Onlyoneyearlater,Icelandpassedanimportantequalrightslaw.Fiveyearsafterthat,itmadehistorybyelectingtheworld’sfirstfemalepresidentchosenthroughdemocraticvotes.Today,Icelandhasbeennamedtheworld’smostgender-equalcountryfor16yearsinarow.Womenholdkeypositionsfromprimeministertouniversityleaders,supportedbypolicieslikepaidtimeoffforparentsandrulesthatrequireequalpayforthesamework.Thestrike’sinspirationspreadbeyondIceland,givingenergytowomen’smovementsinPoland,Spain,andothercountries.Fiftyyearslater,whilecompletegenderequalityisstillsomethingtoworktoward,the1975strike’sinfluenceliveson—itremindstheworldthatworkingtogethercanfightunfairnessandbuildamorejustfuture.4.WhatdidIcelandicwomenprotestin1975?A.Prejudicedtreatmentintheworkera. B.Ashared“dayoff”forwomen.C.Thelowerpayofmen. D.Prejudicedtreatmentinthehistory.5.Whathappenedduringthe1975strike?A.Lawschangedimmediately. B.Womencontrolledgovernment.C.Menbalancedworkandkids. D.Factoriesfiredmaleworkers.6.Whatfollowedthestrikesoonafter?A.Alljobspreferredwomenfirst. B.Femalepresidentassumedoffice.C.Freechildcarewasoffered. D.Unbiasedrightslawwasmade.7.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Icelandwomen’sequalityfight. B.Globalwomen’sstrikehistory.C.Iceland’sfemaleleaders’deeds. D.Genderrulesinworkplaces.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1975年冰岛女性罢工抗议不公的事件及其带来的国内变革和国际影响。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“90%ofitswomenjoinedtogetherforashared‘dayoff’toprotestthegreatunfairnesstheyfaced.Formanyyears,theyhadputupwithlowerpaythanmen,commondiscriminationatwork,andpeoplealwayslookingdownontheworktheydidathome.(90%的女性共同休了一天“假”，抗议她们所面临的巨大不公。多年来，她们一直忍受着比男性低的工资、职场中普遍存在的歧视，以及人们对她们家务劳动的轻视)”可知，冰岛女性在1975年抗议的是职场中的歧视性待遇、薪资不公以及家务劳动被轻视等不公平对待。故选A项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Daycarecentersandschoolsclosed,makingmentakecareoftheirchildren—manyevenbroughtkidstotheiroffices.(日托中心和学校都关闭了，这使得男性不得不照顾孩子——许多人甚至把孩子带到了办公室)”可知，罢工期间男性不得不兼顾工作和孩子。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Onlyoneyearlater,Icelandpassedanimportantequalrightslaw.(仅仅一年后，冰岛就通过了一项重要的平等权利法)”可知，罢工后不久冰岛便制定了公平的权利法案。故选D项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中“90%ofitswomenjoinedtogetherforashared‘dayoff’toprotestthegreatunfairnesstheyfaced.(90%的女性共同休了一天“假”，抗议她们所面临的巨大不公)”以及第三段中“Thisimportantdaystartedrealchanges.(这个重要的日子开启了真正的变革)”和第四段中“Thestrike’sinspirationspreadbeyondIceland(这次罢工的影响力蔓延到了冰岛之外)”可知，文章围绕1975年冰岛女性罢工事件展开，讲述了她们为争取性别平等所做的斗争及后续影响。故选A项。CAmericansliketobestraightforwardwhenitcomestogettingtoknowsomeone.Theirpersonalquestionsmightseemoffensiveinsomecultures.Forexample,“Wheredidyougotoschool?”mightannoyanEnglishman,becausetheanswerrevealshissocialstatus.Here,itissimplyanattempttospeedupthegetting-to-know-youprocess.WhilemanyAmericansareverywell-traveled,they’reintheminority.Don’tbeoffendedifacommentaboutyourcountryorcultureseemsinsulting—it’susuallyjustalackofinformation,andagentlecorrectionwillbewellaccepted.Whatiftheconversationgoeswrongtoatopicthatyoufindprivate,suchashealthorpolitics?Americanscan’talwaystakeasubtlehintwhenthey’rebeingdisturbing—alight-heartedcommentandachangeofsubjectwillprobablywork.Ifyou’refromEurope,expecttohearhowmanyfamousancestorsofyourcountryappearintheirfamilytree.Andifyou’refromBritain,thatsuddenoddwayofspeakingisprobablyanAmerican’sattempttoimitateyouraccent—it’smeanttobejoking.ThesedaysthereislittleintheUnitedStatesthattrulyoffends.Asauniversalrule,itisalsowisetoavoidtalkingaboutreligion,money,andpolitics.So,nowthatyouknowwhattoexpect,howdoyougoaboutmeetingoneofthose315millionAmericans?Aswehaveseen,Americansaredoers,joiners,andorganizers.Accordingtotheoldjoke,ifyouputtwoBritishpeopleonadesertisland,they’llformacommittee.TwoAmericansaremorelikelytosetupaboat-buildingclub,oraprofessionalassociationforsurvivors.Theycan’tresisttalkingtosomeonewhosharestheirparticularpassion,sowhateveryourprofessionalorleisureinterest,findagroupandgetinvolved.8.WhatwouldAmericansmostprobablydowhentheymeetaEuropean?A.TheywouldcorrecthisEnglishaccent.B.TheywouldhearhisopinionofAmerica.C.TheywouldinquireaboutEurope’shealthsystem.D.TheywouldboastabouttheirEuropeanancestors.9.Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldaEuropeandotogetalongwithAmericans?A.Jointheirgroups. B.Setupaclubforthem.C.Talkabouttheirhistory. D.Keepthematadistance.10.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsAmericans?A.Indifferent. B.Objective.C.Critical. D.Disappointed.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WorkingwithEuropeans B.FindingoutAmericans’PassionsC.GettingtoKnowAmericans D.LearningaboutEuropean【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍美国人直接的沟通特点、交往中的常见情况与禁忌，建议通过加入相关团体与美国人相处，助力读者了解并顺畅结交美国人。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Ifyou’refromEurope,expecttohearhowmanyfamousancestorsofyourcountryappearintheirfamilytree.(如果你来自欧洲，你可能会听到他们说自己的家谱中有多少位你国家的著名祖先。)”可知，美国人遇到欧洲人时，很可能会吹嘘自己有欧洲著名祖先。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theycan’tresisttalkingtosomeonewhosharestheirparticularpassion,sowhateveryourprofessionalorleisureinterest,findagroupandgetinvolved.(他们无法抗拒与分享自己特定爱好的人交谈，所以无论你有什么职业或休闲兴趣，找到一个团体并参与其中。)”可知，欧洲人要与美国人相处，应该加入他们的团体。故选A项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Americansliketobestraightforwardwhenitcomestogettingtoknowsomeone.Theirpersonalquestionsmightseemoffensiveinsomecultures.(美国人在认识他人时喜欢直截了当。他们的个人问题在某些文化中可能显得冒犯。)”、第二段“Don’tbeoffendedifacommentaboutyourcountryorcultureseemsinsulting—it’susuallyjustalackofinformation(如果关于你的国家或文化的评论听起来带有冒犯性，不要生气——这通常只是因为信息不足)”、第三段“Andifyou’refromBritain,thatsuddenoddwayofspeakingisprobablyanAmerican’sattempttoimitateyouraccent—it’smeanttobejoking(如果你来自英国，那种突然奇怪的说话方式可能是美国人试图模仿你的口音——这是开玩笑的意思。)”及下文可知，作者既客观描述了美国人直接、可能因信息不足发表不当言论等特点，也说明了他们的社交习惯和相处方式，没有加入主观的赞美或批评，态度是客观的。故选B项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“Americansliketobestraightforwardwhenitcomestogettingtoknowsomeone.Theirpersonalquestionsmightseemoffensiveinsomecultures.Forexample,“Wheredidyougotoschool?”mightannoyanEnglishman,becausetheanswerrevealshissocialstatus.Here,itissimplyanattempttospeedupthegetting-to-know-youprocess.(美国人在结识他人时喜欢直截了当。他们的一些个人问题在某些文化中可能显得冒犯无礼。例如，“你毕业于哪所学校？”这样的问题可能会惹恼英国人——因为答案会暴露其社会地位，而在美国，这仅仅是为了加快彼此熟悉的进程。)”可知，文章开篇介绍美国人认识他人时的直接沟通特点及可能引发的文化差异问题，接着说明与美国人交往中可能遇到的情况（如不当评论、模仿口音）和禁忌（避免宗教、金钱、政治话题），最后给出“找到相关团体并参与其中”的相处建议，全文围绕“了解美国人”展开，核心是帮助读者认识美国人的社交特点并顺畅与之相处。故选C项。DWhenyouopenavideoappandfindexactlythecontentyouwanttowatch,whatfeelslikea“perfectmatch”mayactuallybeacarefullydesignedtrapthatslowlylimitsyourabilitytochoosefreely.AteamofsocialscientistsfromStanfordUniversity,whospenttwoyearsanalyzingthebehaviorof10,000appusersacrossdifferentagegroups,recentlypublishedastudythatchallengesthewidelyheldbeliefthatpersonalizedrecommendationalgorithmsonlymakeourlivesmoreconvenient.Thestudyfoundthatwhilethesealgorithms,whichareprogrammedtoprioritizeuserengagement,initiallykeeppeopleinterestedbyshowingthemcontenttheylike,theygraduallypushusersintonarrowerandnarrower“informationbubbles”wheretheyareexposedtofewerandfewerideasthatdifferfromtheirown.Whatismoreworryingisthatmostusersdonotrealizethisprocessishappeningbecausethechangeinthecontenttheyseeissoslowthatitisalmostunnoticeabledaybyday.Dr.MayaCarter,theleadresearcher,explainedthatthedangerofthesebubblesisnotjustthattheylimitknowledgebutthattheyweakenpeople’sabilitytounderstandandrespectviewsthatconflictwiththeirpreferences—askillthatisessentialforlivinginadiversesociety.Shegaveanexample:auserwholikessportsmaystartseeingonlysportsvideos,thenonlyvideosaboutonesport,andfinallyonlycontentthatsupportsasingleteam,withoutevennoticingthattheirworldofinformationisshrinking.Thestudydoesnotsuggestthatpeopleshouldstopusingtheseapps,whichhavebecomeanimportantpartofmodernlife,butitdoescallonuserstoactivelyseekoutdifferenttypesofcontentandondeveloperstoadjusttheiralgorithmssothattheybalancepersonalizationwiththeneedtoexposeuserstoawiderrangeofinformation.“Truefreedomofchoice,”Dr.Carterconcluded,“comesnotfrombeinggivenwhatyouwantnowbutfromhavingthechancetodiscoverwhatyoumightneedlater.”12.Whatcoreissuedoesthestudyfocuson?A.AIapps’dailyconvenience B.Algorithms’effectonchoiceC.Users’preferenceforsports D.Apps’popularagegroups13.Whatmakes“informationbubbles”harmful?A.Theyreduceusers’socialskills B.TheyslowdownapprunningC.Theylimitdiverseviews D.Theywasteusers’time14.Whatdoes“shrinking”meaninParagraph3?A.Becomingsmaller B.GrowingfasterC.Beingclearer D.Turningsimpler15.WhatisDr.Carter’sadvice?A.StopusingAIappstotally B.SeekdiverseappcontentC.Chooseonlypersonalizedapps D.Developnewappalgorithms【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了斯坦福大学研究发现，个性化推荐算法虽初期便捷，却会缓慢将用户推入“信息茧房”，限制多元观点接触与自由选择，呼吁用户主动寻求多样内容、开发者调整算法。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Whenyouopenavideoappandfindexactlythecontentyouwanttowatch,whatfeelslikea“perfectmatch”mayactuallybeacarefullydesignedtrapthatslowlylimitsyourabilitytochoosefreely.(当你打开视频应用程序，发现正是你想要观看的内容时，那种看似“完美匹配”的感觉实际上可能是一个精心设计的陷阱，它会逐渐限制你自由选择的权利)”可知，该研究关注的核心问题是算法对选择的影响。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thestudyfoundthatwhilethesealgorithms,whichareprogrammedtoprioritizeuserengagement,initiallykeeppeopleinterestedbyshowingthemcontenttheylike,theygraduallypushusersintonarrowerandnarrower“informationbubbles”wheretheyareexposedtofewerandfewerideasthatdifferfromtheirown.(该研究发现，尽管这些算法旨在优先考虑用户参与度，它们起初会通过向用户展示他们喜欢的内容来保持他们的兴趣，但随着时间的推移，它们会将用户逐渐推向越来越狭小的“信息茧房”之中，在那里他们接触到的与自己观点不同的想法越来越少)”可知，“信息茧房”限制了不同的观点。故选C。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“auserwholikessportsmaystartseeingonlysportsvideos,thenonlyvideosaboutonesport,andfinallyonlycontentthatsupportsasingleteam(一个喜欢体育的用户可能会开始只看体育相关的视频，然后只看关于某项体育运动的视频，最后只看到支持某一支球队的内容)”可知，前文举例提到喜欢体育的用户，会从看到各类体育视频，逐渐缩小范围到某一项运动，再到仅支持某一支球队的内容。这种情况下用户接触的信息范围不断变小，故划线词意思是“变得更小”。故选A。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段““Truefreedomofchoice,”Dr.Carterconcluded,“comesnotfrombeinggivenwhatyouwantnowbutfromhavingthechancetodiscoverwhatyoumightneedlater.”(卡特博士总结道：“真正的选择自由，并非源于当下就能得到自己想要的东西，而是源于有机会去探寻自己日后可能所需的东西。”)”可知，卡特博士的建议是寻找多样化的应用程序内容。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheArtofMindfulReadingintheDigitalAgeInaworldfilledwithshort-formcontentanddigitaldistractions,mindfulreading—deliberate,focusedengagementwithatext—hasbecomeavaluablepractice.Unlikepassivescrolling,itrequiresintentionalityandpresence.___16___Itenrichesthinking,deepensempathy,andfosterscalm.Topracticemindfulreading,firstcreateadistraction-freeenvironment.___17___Turnoffphonenotifications,findaquietspace,andsetaside20-30minutesdaily.Thisdedicatedtimehelpsyourbrainshifttocontemplationmodefordeeperengagement.Next,approachthetextwithcuriosity,nota“finishquickly”goal.___18___Pausetoreflectonunfamiliarconcepts,rereadconfusingparts,andask:Whatistheauthorconveying?Howdoesthisconnecttomyexperiences?Activeengagementturnsreadingintoadialogue.Embracesilenceandpatiencetoo.___19___Inaspeed-obsessedculture,it’seasytofeelanxiousifyoudon’t“get”atextimmediately.Butmindfulreadingencouragessittingwithuncertainty,lettingideasunfoldnaturally.Thisreducesstressandimprovescomprehension.Finally,reflectafterreading.Jotdownkeyinsightsorquestionspost-chapter.___20___Writingsolidifiesunderstandingandmakestheexperiencepersonal.Mindfulreadingisaboutcultivatingadeeperrelationshipwithwords.Itoffersachancetoslowdown,thinkdeeply,andreconnectwiththepowerofideas.A.Thisreflectiondoesn’thavetobeformal—notesworkfine.B.It’saskillthatcanbedevelopedwithregularpractice.C.Avoidmultitasking—readingwhileeatingdividesattention.D.Manystrugglewithitduetoconstantdigitalstimulation.E.Itprioritizesdepthoverspeed,unlikeskimming.F.Thisintentionalfocushelpsabsorbandretaininformationbetter.G.Rushingtomeeta“readinggoal”defeatsmindfulengagement.【答案】16.E17.C18.G19.B20.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在数字时代如何进行有意识的阅读，强调专注、环境、好奇心、耐心及阅读后的反思的重要性。【16题详析】由上文“Inaworldfilledwithshort-formcontentanddigitaldistractions,mindfulreading—deliberate,focusedengagementwithatext—hasbecomeavaluablepractice.Unlikepassivescrolling,itrequiresintentionalityandpresence.(在一个充斥着短内容和数字干扰的世界里，有意识的阅读——刻意、专注地参与文本——已经成为一种有价值的实践。与被动滚动不同，它需要主动性和专注于当下)”可知，本空需承接上文对正念阅读的定义，进一步说明其核心特征，同时引出下文的益处。E选项“Itprioritizesdepthoverspeed,unlikeskimming.(与略读不同，它更注重深度而非速度)”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。【17题详析】由上文“Topracticemindfulreading,firstcreateadistraction-freeenvironment.(要进行有意识的阅读，首先要创造一个不受干扰的环境)”可知，本空应具体说明如何创造无干扰环境。C选项“Avoidmultitasking—readingwhileeatingdividesattention.(避免一心多用——边吃边读会分散注意力)”能够承接上文，进一步说明如何避免干扰，符合语境。故选C。【18题详析】由上文“Next,approachthetextwithcuriosity,nota“finishquickly”goal.(接下来，带着好奇心去阅读文本，而不是以“快速完成”为目标)”及下文“Pausetoreflectonunfamiliarconcepts,rereadconfusingparts,andask:Whatistheauthorconveying?Howdoesthisconnecttomyexperiences?Activeengagementturnsreadingintoadialogue.(停下来思考不熟悉的概念，重读令人困惑的部分，并问：作者在传达什么？这与我的经历有何联系？积极参与将阅读变成一场对话)”可知，本空应强调快速完成阅读目标与专注阅读的矛盾，G选项“Rushingtomeeta“readinggoal”defeatsmindfulengagement.(急于完成“阅读目标”会破坏专注阅读)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。【19题详析】由上文“Embracesilenceandpatiencetoo.(也要拥抱沉默和耐心)”及下文“Inaspeed-obsessedculture,it’seasytofeelanxiousifyoudon’t“get”atextimmediately.Butmindfulreadingencouragessittingwithuncertainty,lettingideasunfoldnaturally.Thisreducesstressandimprovescomprehension.(在一个痴迷于速度的文化中，如果你不能立即“理解”一篇文章，很容易感到焦虑。但是有意识的阅读鼓励人们接受不确定性，让想法自然展开。这可以减轻压力，提高理解力)”可知，本空应强调如何培养“耐心”。B选项“It’saskillthatcanbedevelopedwithregularpractice.(这是一种可以通过定期练习培养的技能。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。【20题详析】由上文“Finally,reflectafterreading.Jotdownkeyinsightsorquestionspost-chapter.(最后，阅读后要反思。在章节后写下关键的见解或问题)”及下文“Writingsolidifiesunderstandingandmakestheexperiencepersonal.(写作巩固理解，使体验个性化)”可知，本空需补充说明“反思”的形式，消除读者对“反思”的正式化顾虑，同时衔接下文“书写”的作用。A选项“Thisreflectiondoesn’thavetobeformal—notesworkfine.(这种反思不一定要很正式——做笔记就可以了)”能够承接上文，说明反思的形式可以灵活，做笔记即可，同时引出下文对写作（即做笔记的一种形式）的好处的描述，符合语境。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheNaturestudy,conductedbySriramSankararamanofHarvardMedicalSchoolandhiscolleagues,lookedatthegenomes(基因组)of1,004___21___(live)peopleofEuropeanandAsiandescentandcomparedthemwithNeanderthalDNA___22___a50,000-year-oldtoebonefoundinaSiberiancave,andalsowiththegenomesof176westAfricans.This___23___(late)group,Dr.Sankararamanassumed,couldhavelittleNeanderthalDNAinthembecauseNeanderthals,asfarascanbedeterminedfromthefossilrecord,livedonlyinEuropeandwesternAsia,___24___meanttheyhadnochancetointerbreed(杂交)withtheancestorsofmodernwest___25___(African).TheanalysisrevealedthatpeopleofEuropeanandAsiandescentcarry___26___(rough)1.5%to2.1%NeanderthalDNA,atinyproportionthatstillexertsmeasurableeffectsoncontemporaryhealth.GenesinheritedfromNeanderthals___27___(link)tovariationsinhowmodernhumansrespondtocertaininfections,suchasthosecausedbycoronaviruses,andtheyalsoinfluencetraitslikeskin___28___(thick)andhairtexturethathelpedourancestorsadapttocoldclimatestensofthousandsofyearsago.WhatisevenmorefascinatingisthatsomeNeanderthalgeneswhichonceboostedsurvivalnowposerisks,___29___theyareassociatedwithanincreasedlikelihoodofdevelopingconditionsliketype2diabetesandrheumatoidarthritis(类风湿关节炎).Thesefindingsprovethatourancientrelativesarenotentirelylost,___30___liveoninourDNAandcontinuetoshapeourlivestoday.【答案】21.living22.from23.latter24.which25.Africans26.roughly27.arelinked28.thickness29.because/as30.but【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了哈佛医学院团队的一项自然研究：通过对比欧亚裔、西非裔人群基因组与尼安德特人DNA，发现欧亚裔携带1.5%-2.1%尼安德特人基因，这些基因既影响现代人对感染的反应、皮肤厚度等特征，部分曾助力生存的基因如今也与糖尿病等疾病相关，证明远古亲属的基因仍在影响现代人。【21题详析】考查形容词。句意：这项由哈佛医学院的斯里拉姆・桑卡拉拉曼及其同事开展的《自然》研究，分析了1004名在世的欧洲和亚洲后裔的基因组，并将其与来自西伯利亚洞穴中一块5万年前的趾骨的尼安德特人DNA，以及176名西非人的基因组进行了对比。所填空修饰名词people，需用动词live的形容词形式living，表“在世的、活的”，符合语境。故填living。【22题详析】考查介词。句意：这项由哈佛医学院的斯里拉姆・桑卡拉拉曼及其同事开展的《自然》研究，分析了1004名在世的欧洲和亚洲后裔的基因组，并将其与来自西伯利亚洞穴中一块5万年前的趾骨的尼安德特人DNA，以及176名西非人的基因组进行了对比。分析句子结构可知，此处表“来自……（的DNA）”，应用介词from。故填from。【23题详析】考查形容词。句意：桑卡拉拉曼博士推测，后一组（西非人群）的基因组中可能几乎没有尼安德特人DNA，因为根据化石记录可以确定，尼安德特人仅生活在欧洲和西亚，这意味着他们没有机会与现代西非人的祖先杂交。所填空修饰名词group，指代前文“176westAfricans”，应用形容词latter，表“后者的”，符合语境。故填latter。【24题详析】考查定语从句。句意：桑卡拉拉曼博士推测，后一组（西非人群）的基因组中可能几乎没有尼安德特人DNA，因为根据化石记录可以确定，尼安德特人仅生活在欧洲和西亚，这意味着他们没有机会与现代西非人的祖先杂交。所填空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文整个句子（尼安德特人仅生活在欧洲和西亚这一事实），且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。【25题详析】考查名词复数。句意：桑卡拉拉曼博士推测，后一组（西非人群）的基因组中可能几乎没有尼安德特人DNA，因为根据化石记录可以确定，尼安德特人仅生活在欧洲和西亚，这意味着他们没有机会与现代西非人的祖先杂交。“westAfrican”（西非裔人士）为可数名词，此处表“现代西非人的祖先”，应用复数形式Africans。故填Africans。【26题详析】考查副词。句意：分析显示，欧洲和亚洲后裔携带大约1.5%至2.1%的尼安德特人DNA，这一微小比例仍对当代人的健康产生可测量的影响。所填空修饰数词范围“1.5%to2.1%”，需用形容词rough的副词形式roughly，表“大约、粗略地”，符合语境。故填roughly。【27题详析】考查时态和语态。句意：从尼安德特人那里继承的基因与现代人对某些感染（如冠状病毒引起的感染）的反应差异有关，它们还影响皮肤厚度和发质等特征，这些特征在数万年前帮助我们的祖先适应了寒冷气候。此空考查谓语动词，句子描述客观研究发现，应用一般现在时；Genes与link为被动关系，主语为复数。故填arelinked。【28题详析】考查名词。句意：从尼安德特人那里继承的基因与现代人对某些感染（如冠状病毒引起的感染）的反应差异有关，它们还影响皮肤厚度和发质等特征，这些特征在数万年前帮助我们的祖先适应了寒冷气候。所填空与“hairtexture”并列，需用形容词thick的名词形式thickness，表“厚度”，不可数名词作宾语，符合语境。故填thickness。【29题详析】考查连词。句意：更有趣的是，一些曾经有助于生存的尼安德特人基因现在却带来了风险，因为它们与2型糖尿病和类风湿关节炎等疾病的患病风险增加有关。分析句子结构可知，此处表因果关系，“带来风险”是“与疾病相关”的结果，应用连词because或as，表“因为”，符合语境。故填because或as。【30题详析】考查连词。句意：这些发现证明，我们的远古亲属并未完全消失，而是活在我们的DNA中，继续影响着我们今天的生活。“not...but...”，为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”，符合语境。故填but。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)31.假定你是高中生李华，你校计划举办“校园读书分享季”活动，现需招募10名学生主持人。请你根据以下要求写一封申请信：1.说明你申请主持人的优势；2.提出让分享会更吸引人的创意建议；3.表达你对担任主持人的期待。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dearsir:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Dearsir:I’mLiHua,aseniorthreestudent.I’mapplyingtobeahostofthe“CampusReadingSharingSeason”formyadvantages:I’moutgoing,fluentinEnglish,andhavehostedclassactivities.Tomakethesharingsessionmoreattractive,Isuggestaddinga“bookblinddate”section—studentsexchangebooksrandomlyandsharetheirfeelings.Also,invitingteacherstoshareclassicworkscanincreaseprofessionalism.I’meagertotakethisroletoimprovemyselfandhelpcreateawonderfulreadingatmosphere.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节(满分25分)32.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Theoldlighthousekeeper,EliasVoss,hadlookedafterthecoastallightfor42years.Hisroughhands,wornbysaltwindandage,movedeasilyasheturnedthemachinethatkeptthelightspinning—animportantsafetyguideforthevillage’sfishermenandsailorssailingpasttherockyshores.Buttonight,anextremelystrongstormhitthecoast,wavescrashingagainstthelighthouse’sstonebaselikeloud,angrygiants.Eliashadcheckedthefuelsupplythatmorning—enoughforthreenights,he’dthought.Butatmidnight,thelightstartedtoflicker.Heclimbedtheironstairsandfoundtheoiltankleaking;by1a.m.,thelightwentoutcompletely.Inthetotaldarkness,heheardadistantship’shorn—itwasofftrackandheadingstraightfordanger.Grabbinghisraincoat,herushedtotheboathouse.Hisstrongwoodensmallboat,theSeabird,washisonlyhope.Butavoicestoppedhim:“Grandpa?”Lila,his16-year-oldgranddaughter,stoodinthedoorway,holdingacanvasbag.She’darrivedwithouttellinganyonethatafternoon,runningawayfromherparents’divorce.“Ihavetowarnthatship,”Eliassaid,tyingtheboattothedock.“Stayhereforthecoastguard—they’llcomeatdawn.”ButLilahadalreadyclimbedonboard.“YoutaughtmetosailwhenIwas10.Iwon’tslowyoudown.”Thewindhowledastheypushedoff.Eliasheldtheboat’ssteeringsticktightly,staringattheship’sfaintlightinthedistance.Lilascoopedwateroutoftheboat,herhandsshakingbutsteady—untilawavetallerthanthelighthousecrashedoverthem.WhenEliasopenedhiseyes,t