广东省2026届高三上学期12月第二次调研考试 英语

广东省2026届普通高中毕业班第二次调研考试英语试卷本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。

注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡写上考生姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号等相关信息。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用

2B铅笔把答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内；如需改动的，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyou’

reconcernedaboutthecostofgasandtheenvironmentalimpactofgas-poweredcars,anddon’twanttoworryaboutthechargingchallengesassociatedwiththepureelectricvehicle(EV),it’stimetotakeacloserlookatahybrid(混合的)electricvehicle(HEV).Whilesalespeoplemightsimplyadviseyouto"plugindailyandusegasforlongertrips,"understandingtheunderlyingmechanicsiskeytodeterminingifanHEVtrulyfitsyourneeds.essentially,anHEVoffersyouthebestofgascarsandEVs.AnHEVhastwosourcesofpower：aninternalcombustion（燃烧）engine（ICE）andatleastoneelectricmotor.TherearetwomaintypesofHEV：parallel（并联式）hybridandserieshybrid.Theparallelhybrid（PHEV）aimstokeepthecoredesignsoftheconventionalgas-poweredvehicleswhileloweringtheoperationcostsandimprovingenvironmentalperformance.Reducedtoitsbasics,itssystemusesICEandelectricmotorstopowerthewheels—eithertogetherorindependently.Thisstructureperformsreliablyonlong-distancejourneysandcomplexroadconditions,wherethecombustionengineoperatesefficiently.Inthecaseofserieshybrid（SHEV）,thevehiclerunsonlyonelectricity,whichisfromthebattery.Whenthebatteryisexhausted,theICEswitcheson—nottodrivethewheelsdirectly,buttopowerthegeneratorandchargethebattery.Thissetupofferssmootherandquieterdrivingoperationwhichissimilartopureelectricvehicles.It’sgenerallymoreeco-friendly,andfurtherreducesthecostofuse.Intoday’smarket,conventionalgascarsaregoingsignificantlycheaper,whilestylishpureelectricvehicleshavebecomesymbolsofmodernstatus.TheHEV,strikingapracticalbalancebetweenthesetwoextremes,certainlydeservesacloserlook.21．WhatisanadvantageofHEVscomparedwithothertypesofvehicles?A.They’resimplerindesign.B.They’recheapertopurchase.C.They’remoreeco-friendly.D.They’remorepracticaltouse.22．WhatdoestheICEinaserieshybridcardirectlyworkon?A.Replacingthegenerator.B.Drivingthewheels.C.Startingtheelectricmotor.D.Chargingthebattery.23．InwhichaspectarePHEVsgenerallybetterthanSHEVs?A.Mountainroaddriving.B.In-citytransportation.C.Wastegasesproduction.D.Vehiclerunningcosts.BThesunhangsheavyovercentralIraqinthelateafternoon,paintingtheruinsofBabyloninheatandlight.Dustrisesfromthegroundinsoftclouds,creatingascenethatseemsolderthantimeitself.Inthismomentthecityfeelsbothemptyandtimeless,itssilencebrokenonlybythevisitorswhohavecometostandinthefootprintsofkings.Once,BabylonwasthejewelofMesopotamia,thecitythatgaveitsnametoentireeras——theOld,Middle,andNewBabylonianperiods.Itwasherewheregrandtemplesandpalaceswerebuilt,andwherepoetsandhistoriansimaginedoneoftheSevenWondersoftheAncientWorld：theHangingGardens.AncientGreekandRomanwritersdescribedthemasagreenparadise（天堂），wateredbyartfulpumpsthatliftedwaterfromtheEuphratesRiver.Accordingtotales,Nebuchadnezzar,thenKingofBabylon,hadthembuiltforhisqueenwholongedfortheforestedmountainsofherhomeland.ForsomeIraqiarchaeologists（考古学家），thegardensaremorethanfairytales.SomebelievethegardenswerelocatednearthecityofHillah,aboutatwo-hourdrivesouthofthecapitalBaghdad,whileotherspointtoNineveh,hundredsofmilestothenorth.Fortravelers,however,thedebatehardlymatters.Standingamongtheruins,ittakesagoodimaginationtothinkofthegardensthatleftnomarkstofollow.Inrecenttimes,conservationworkhasbeencarriedouttorestorepartsofBabylon.Withthemanychallengesthesitefaces,itisoftenindividualsratherthaninstitutionsthatkeepBabylon’sstoriesalive.Wemeta22-year-oldtourguideHashem,whowasenthusiasticaboutintroducingIraqihistorytoforeigners.HegraduatedfromtheUniversityofBabylonwithadegreeinbiomedicalengineering,andafterthatheturnedtotourism,wherehisknowledgeandcommandofEnglishcameinhandy.Beyonditsbrokenwalls,Babyloncontinuestocastitsspell.Visitorscomeandexpressadmiration,wonderinghowtheHangingGardensoncerosefromthedesertplain.Theruinsmaybegonesomeday,butthetaleswillliveon.24．WhydoesthewriterdescribetheruinsofBabyloninparagraph1?A.Toexplainthereasonsforitsdestruction.B.Tohighlightitsheavyboringatmosphere.C.Tocreateacontrastwithitssplendidpast.D.Toexpressadmirationforitsgreathistory.25．WhatdoarchaeologistsdisagreeaboutregardingtheHangingGardens?A.Itslocation . B.Itsorigin. C.Itsdesigner. D.Itsinfluence.26．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingHashem’sstory?A.Therestorationworkprovidesjobopportunities.B.Ordinarypeoplecontributetopreservinghistory.C.Tourismissuccessfulinareaswitharichculture.D.Thecountryisinneedofenergeticyoungpeople.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"castitsspell"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Remaininruins. B.Disappearovertime.C.Holdgreatcharm. D.Makepeoplepuzzled.CSo,you’vefinishedthatdullbook.Yousatthroughthemovieyoupaidfor,superbored.Stoodinalongqueueforthatmilktea.Paidmuchfortheluxuryhandbag—expensivenonsense.Whatdothesehaveincommon?They’reallexamplesofwhateconomistscall"sunkcosts（沉没成本）"：thepriceyou’vealreadypaid—intime,money,effort,suffering,foranitemoranexperience—holdsyoutothem.It’saphenomenonweallrecognize.Itaffectsourbehaviorinwaysthatcanbeunreasonable.Butwedoit.Toavoidthesituation,economiststellustomakedecisionsbasedmainlyonfuturevalue,notpastinvestment.Iftheongoingcostoutweighstheexpectedbenefit,oneshouldcuttheirlossesandwalkaway.Ithurts,yes,butthiscold,clearlogicprotectsusfromgoingbroke.Yet,lifeisrarelysoneatlycalculated.Thispurelyeconomicviewraisesdifficultquestions：Doesthevalueofanexperiencelieonlyinitsoutcome,oralsointheprocess?Ajoyfuljourneywithanordinarygoalandapainfuloneaimedatasplendidachievement,whichoneismoreworthwhile?Whenitcomestoeducation,thesunkcoststheorydoesn’tseemapplicable.Parentsandteacherspourimmeasurableamountofinvestment—love,time,hope,money—intothegrowthofachild.Willthechildturnoutthewaytheyexpect?Noguarantee.Ifweviewthisthroughastrictcost-benefitangle,muchofeducationcanbewrittenoffasa"sunkcost."Educationisobviouslydifferentfromthecommercialworld.Achild’sgrowthcannotbeplannedlikeabusinessstrategy；itunfoldslikeauniqueandunpredictablestory.Wecan’tdreamhisdreamsorlivehislife；wecanonlybuildthestage,andlighthispath.Ineducationwehavetoholdontothisfaith：everythingwedoforachildisworthwhile.Everyactofloveislikeofferinglightandwatertoaseed；whilewecan’tseeitsrootsgrowunderground,weknowit.Thatchildwillblossom（开花）someday.Notallthathascostissunk.28．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Boringbutbeneficial. B.Interestingbutworthless.C.Joyfulandworthwhile. D.Senselessandregrettable.29．Whatdoeconomistsadviseustodotoavoidsunkcosts?A.Focusontheoutcome. B.ignorethefuturelosses.C.Calculatethepastcost. D.Pursuethehiddengains.30．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardstheinvestmentineducation?A.Indifferent. B.Favorable.C.Balanced. D.Critical.31．Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Topromoteaprinciple. B.Tocorrectamisbehavior.C.Tochallengeaconcept. D.Topresentaphenomenon.DThreescientistsmadegroundbreakingdiscoveriesontheworkingmechanismoftheimmunesystem(免疫系统).Theyidentified“regulatoryTcells，”

whichfunctionastheimmunesystem’ssecurityguards,preventingimmunecellsfromattackingthebody’sowntissues

andcausingsevereautoimmunediseases.Theimmunesystem’sprimaryroleistodistinguishforeignmicrobes（细菌）fromthebody’sowncellsandthenattackthemHowever,microbescandevelopsimilaritiestohumancells.Ifthispretensesucceeds,itcanleadtoaformofbiological"friendlyfire，"wheretheimmunesystemmistakenlyattacksthebodysowncells.ItwaslongbelievedthattheimmunesystemwasmainlyprotectedbyTcellsthatcanrecognizeandkillmicrobes.However,somepuzzlingautoimmunereactionspointedtotheexistenceofanother,morecomplexregulator.ImmunologistShimonisamongthescientistswhoconductedfurtherresearch.In1995,hediscoveredinmicethatthereisaparticulargroupofimmunecells,whichhenamed"regulatoryTcells,"workingasthebody’ssecurityguardsthatstopimmunecellsfromattackingself-tissues.Meanwhileintheearly2000s,bio-technologistsBrunkowandRamsdellinvestigatedwhyaspecifictypeofmousewasparticularlysensitivetoautoimmunediseases.Theirexperimentstookmanyyears.Whilemappingamouse’sgenome（基因组）todaytakesonlydays,backthenitwaslikelookingforaneedleinahugepileofstraw.TheyfinallyfoundthesourceoftroublewasavariationofthegenenamedFoxp3,andfurtherdiscoveredthatasimilarerrorinahuman’sgenecausesIPEXsyndrome,aseriousautoimmunedisease.Afterwards,Shimonlinkedtheirresearchtohisown,provingthatFoxp3aidsinthecreationandtheoperationofregulatoryTcells,ensuringthattheimmunesystemisstrongenoughtofightoffmicrobesandatthesametimecontrolledenoughnottoinjurethebody.Theirfoundationaldiscoverieshavepavedthewayforpotentialnewtreatmentsforautoimmuneconditions,aswellasmoreeffectivecancertreatmentsandreducedcomplicationsafterorgantransplants.32．Whatistheresultof"friendlyfire"?A.Killingofforeignmicrobes.B.Wrongattackonhumancells.C.Immunecells’development.D.Microbes’successfuldisguise.33．WhydidShimonconductthemiceresearch?A.Towinanaward.B.Tosolveapuzzle.C.Totreatadisease.D.Todefendabelief.34．What’sthepurposeofmentioning"aneedleinahugepileofstraw"inparagraph4?A.Tointroducethelonghistoryofmedicalscience.B.Toemphasizetheimportantroleofthelabmice.C.Tostressthedifficultyofdoingtheexperiments.D.Toshowtherarenessofanautoimmunedisease.35．Whatistherootreasonofautoimmunediseasesaccordingtothediscoveries?A.AnerrorhappenstotheFoxp3gene.B.RegulotoryTcellsaredistinguished.C.Theimmunesystemisunderattack.D.Microbesforceintothehumanbody.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）Horace,thefamousRomanpoetwholivedfrom65BCto8BC,oncesaid,"Thepoet’saimistocombinethedelightfulandtheuseful."Apoetwilltakeinsightsintoourworldcoveredinfogandcutthroughthatfogtorevealthetruthbeneathintheirpoetry.

36

Poetryisrichinwisdomandknowledge,yetitisoftenremarkablybriefinform.We’relivinginaworldwhereeverythingbecomessofast-pacedthatit’shardtofocusonanythingforlong.

37

Itallowsustostartandfinishsomethingofvaluewithinlife’ssmallwindowsoftime—whetherwe’rewaitingforthebuswithourchild,orseekingameaningfulthoughttoshareatthedinnertable.Itcanbespokenoverouraudience,orusedtostartadeeperdiscussion.Similartothewayinwhichpoetryrevealshidden,yetfamiliartruths,itcanalsorevealhiddenyetfamiliarbeauty.Whenapoetusesbeautifullanguagetodescribeelementsofbeautywithinourworld,wemayfeelshocked.

38

Onlythenwillwerealizethatwehaveneverfullyappreciatedthethingsaroundus.Webegintolearntheartoftreasuringwhatwehave.

39

Bythoughtfullyengagingwithpoetry,westepintotheperspectivesofothers.Intheprocess,wewillsharpenourawareness,deepenourempathy(同理心),andactivelyexpandouremotionalintelligence.Topassdownthepowerofpoetrytothenextgeneration,it’sbesttodevelopaloveandappreciationforitinourchildrenfromanearlyage.

40

Thispracticeoffersanopportunitytocreateabondingexperienceandlastingmemories.A.Ashortpoemisagiftforus.B.Poemscaninspireusinanumberofways.C.Inthisway,poetryhelpsusunderstandtheworldbetter.D.Poetryfuelsourcuriosityandunlocksfurtherexploration.E.Itinvolvesspendingplentyoftimereadingpoemstogether.F.Poetrygivesvoicetooursharedhumanemotionsandexperiences.G.Suddenlywebecomeawareofthebeautysocloseyetunseenbefore.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LastOctober,myfamilytookacampingtriptoLakeHoustonWildernessPark.Itwasanearly______41______

afternoon,andthewarmsuncastagolden______42______

overthewholepark.Wemadeourwayalongthepath,feelingthegentlewindthroughthetreesandlisteningtothecrackingsoundofdried______43______

beneathourfeet.Asdarkfell,theairgrew______44______.We’djustfinishedsettingupourtentwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.Myparentsjumpedupandhurriedto______45______

thingswithaplasticcloth,buttome,the______46______

rainmeantfun.Weduckedintothetentandwrappedourselvesinwarmblankets.Withraindropsfallingonthetent,we______47______

snacks,storiesandlaughterintheheartofnature.Then,outofnowhere,weheardheavy______48______

approaching,alarminglyclose.Beforewecouldreact,thetent______49______

aroundus,trappingusinamess.We______50______:Wasitawildman?Aforestmonster?Heartracing,we______51______

ourselvesoutfromunderthetent,onlytoseesomecattlehurryingaway——theyhad______52______

overourtentropesintheway.Aswestoodthere,catchingourbreath,wenoticedthe______53______

hadstoppedcompletely.Thenightskyhad______54______

intoadeepblue,decoratedwithcountlessstarsandasilverymoon.Aftertakingamomenttosetthetentbackup,welitacampfireandstartedbarbecuinginthebrightmoonlight.Itwastrulya(n)______55______

andmemorablenight!A.springB.summerC.autumnD.winterA.lightB.shadowC.fireD.threadA.fruitsB.stonesC.insectsD.leavesA.thinB.coolC.calmD.fineA.holdB.coverC.repairD.gatherA.unwelcomeB.unrecordedC.unendingD.unexpectedA.ateB.sharedC.madeD.passedA.footstepsB.heartbeatsC.thunderstormsD.gunshotsA.circledB.flewC.collapsedD.shookA.hesitatedB.cheeredC.panickedD.debatedA.droveB.threwC.pulledD.pickedA.jumpedB.droppedC.rolledD.trippedA.rainB.cattleC.laughterD.showA.gotB.rushedC.sankD.clearedA.adventurousB.instructiveC.romanticD.familiar第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）"Spongecity"isarevolutionaryapproachtourbandesign.Theconcept,first

56

(propose)byChineselandscapearchitectKongjianYu,usesnaturalwatersystemsinurbansites

57

(reduce)thepossibilityofflooding,watershortagesandtheurbanheatislandeffect,anditisnowbeingpracticedallovertheworld.HavinggrownupinruralChina,Yudevelopedanawarenessofthe

58

(season)movementofnaturalwaterwaysandtheroleofvegetationinregulatingtheirflow.WitnessingtheeffectivenessofChineseirrigation（灌溉）networkshelpedhimdevelopthespongecityphilosophy,

59

eventuallybecamepartofChina`surbanismpolicyin2014.He

60

(award)the2023OverlandedPrizeforhisworkaddressingclimate-change-worsenedurbanflooding.The

"sponginess,"oracity’

sabilitytoabsorbrainwater,is

61

keymeasuretofightclimatechange.Acity’ssponginessisaffectedbythebalancebetweenblue(ponds,lakes),green(grass,trees)

62

grey(buildings,hardsurfaces)infrastructure（基础设施）.

Spongecitiesworkintunewithnaturetoquicklyabsorbheavyrainfallandlaterreleasetheextrawaterintoriversandwatersystemsslowly,

63

(avoid)theriskofarapidriseinwaterlevels.Therearesomegoodexamplesof"spongycities,"andAucklandinNewZealand

64

(top)thelist.It’smainlyduetothegreenandblueinfrastructurethatcovershalfofitsurbanarea.Others,

65

ChongqingandWuhaninChina,havekickedoffspongecitypilotprogramsinresponsetogrowingclimatethreats.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，近期你去博物馆时，发现越来越多低龄儿童参与观展。请给英国笔友Chris写一

封邮件讨论这一现象，内容包括：1.你的观察；2.你的看法。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearChris,Howarethingsgoing?I’mwritingtodiscusswithyouaphenomenoninthemuseum.Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节（满分25分）I’verecentlybecomeinterestedinmountainclimbing.It’smainlyduetomyfriendTim,anexperiencedhiker.Initially,Isawhikingaspointless—exhaustingmusclesundertheburningsun,carryingheavyloads,withnoeasywayback.Whyendure（忍受）that?Lastmonth,Timconvincedmetojoinhiminclimbingasmallhill.Tomysurprise,theviewfromthetopwasbreathtaking.Iwitnessedanamazingsunsetoverthesea.Thathumblepeakofferedunexpectedjoy,awakeningadesireformore——cloudseas,sunrises,andbird’s-eyeviews.Afterafewmoremountainclimbingattempts,Ideclared,"IwillchallengetheHero’sRoute！"Itwasademanding20-kilometertrail（小径）acrossseveralhighpeaks,atestof"heroes."ButTimtriedtocoolmedown."It’snoteasy,"hewarned."Itrequirestraining,notjustenthusiasm."ButIbelieved"Nothingisimpossibleinfrontofawillingheart,"sothefollowingweekendIsetoffalonewithouttellingTim.Idecidedtogivehimabigsurprise.Atthefootofthemountain,Isawsomegroupsofclimberswithwalkie-talkies.Ilaughed——realheroesjourneyalone.Thefirstpeakwasrewarding,withcoolwindsandglimpsesofthesea.ButasIpushedonward,thetrailturnedwildandrugged.Steeprocksforcedmetocrawlonallfours.Theskydarkened,threateningrain.Tirednesssetin,andtheotherclimbershadallovertakenme,leavingmecompletelyalone.Thetrailseemedendless.RainsoonpouredandIwaswetthrough.Therocksbecameslippery,makingeverystepastruggle.Tomakemattersworse,myphonehadnosignal.Desperationmountedinme.Around5：30PM,therewerestilltwopeaksahead.Exhaustedandhavingbarelyprogressed,IfoundaweaksignalonmyphoneandhurriedlycalledTim.Hewasshocked,butaftercheckingmylocation,hecalmlygavemeinstructions."Stopgoingahead.You’vejustpassedasidetraildowntoavillage.Itismarkedwithablueribbon（丝带）.Finditandtakethepath——I’llmeetyoumidway."注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ButnowIhesitated,becausetakingthesidetrailmeantfailure.Climbingdownthepathtothevillageatnightwasstillverychallenging.

参考答案及解析21.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“HEVoffersyouthebestofgascarsandEVs”及最后一段“strikingapracticalbalancebetweenthesetwoextremes”可知，

HEV的核心优势在于它结合了汽油车和电动车的优点，取得了“实用的平衡”。选项A文中没有提及，文中只能找到汽油车价格下降，故排除选项B，至于环保，HEV还是比不上纯电车。故选D。22.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段对SHEV的描述“theICEswitcheson—nottodrivethewheelsdirectly,buttopowerthegeneratorandchargethebattery”可知，ICE的直接作用是驱动发电机并为电池充电。选项B是PHEV的工作方式。故选D。23.答案：A解析：细节理解题。题目问PHEV在哪个方面优于SHEV。根据第三段，PHEV的系统“performs靠可靠地onlong-distancejourneysandcomplexroadconditions”，并且表格显示其在“PowerPerformance”上更高。因此，在应对像“山路驾驶”这类复杂路况时，PHEV表现更佳。选项B(市内交通)和D(运行成本)是SHEV的优势；选项C(废气排放)也非PHEV强项。故选A。24.答案：C解析：推理判断题。作者在第一段描绘了巴比伦废墟在烈日与尘土中的空旷与古老，营造出一种时光流逝的沧桑感。紧接着在第二段开头使用“Once(曾几何时)”引出了巴比伦作为美索不达米亚明珠的辉煌过去。这种从“当前荒芜”到“昔日繁华”的强烈对比，正是作者的写作意图。选项A(解释其毁灭的原因)在文中未提及；选项B(突出其沉闷的气氛)过于片面，未涉及与下文的联系；选项D(表达对其伟大历史的钦佩)是第二段的内容，而非第一段描写的目的。故选C。25.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“SomebelievethegardenswerelocatednearthecityofHillah….whileotherspointtoNineveh,hundredsofmilestothenorth.(一些人认为花园位于希拉市附近……而其他人则指向北方数百英里外的尼尼微。)”可知，考古学家们对于空中花园的具体地理位置存在分歧。故选A。26.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Withthemanychallengesthesitefaces,itisoftenindividualsratherthaninstitutionsthatkeepBabylon’sstoriesalive.”可知，作者通过Hashem的故事说明，在官方保护面临困难时，正是像Hashem这样的普通人通过自身行动延续着历史记忆。虽然Hashem是导游，但选项C“Tourismissuccessfulinareaswitharichculture”偏离了文章强调个人奉献的核心，而选项B“Ordinarypeoplecontributetopreservinghistory”准确抓住了文意。故选B。27.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。划线短语“castitsspell”位于文章最后一段的开头。该段下文提到“Visitorscomeandexpressadmiration”，并总结说“废墟或许会消失，

butthetaleswillliveon”。这些内容都表明，巴比伦虽然已成废墟，但它的吸引力仍然强大，即“散发着魅力”或“令人着迷”。故选C。28.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段对几个例子的描述“dullbook”“superbored”“expensivenonsense”等用词可知，作者认为这些消费行为是“无意义且令人后悔的”。选项A（无聊但有益）、B（有趣但无价值）、C（快乐且值得）均与原文情感色彩不符。故选D。29.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段经济学家建议“makedecisionsbasedmainlyonfuturevalue”和“Iftheongoingcostoutweighstheexpectedbenefit,oneshould...walkaway”可知，核心建议是关注未来结果与收益。选项B（忽略未来损失）与建议相反；选项C（计算过去成本）正是经济学家反对的；选项D（追求隐藏收益）文中未提及。故选A。30.答案：B解析：观点态度题。根据最后两段作者对教育投资的论述“everythingwedoforachildisworth

while”“Thatchildwillblossomsomeday”等充满信念的表述可知，作者对教育投资持积极支持（Favorable）的态度。选项A（漠不关心的）、C（平衡的）、D（批判的）均与文章基调不符。故选B。31.答案：C解析：写作目的题。文章首先介绍了“沉没成本”概念及经济学家的建议，但核心在于后半部分通过教育领域的例证，论证了该理论在生活某些方面的不适用性，旨在挑战一个固有概念（沉没成本理论的普适性）。选项A（推广一个原则）、B（纠正一个错误行为）和D（解释一个现象）均未能准确概括作者深层的写作意图。故选C。32.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“wheretheimmunesystemmistakenlyattacksthebody’sowncells”可知，“友好火力”的结果是免疫系统错误地攻击了人体自身细胞。选项A（杀死外来细菌）是免疫系统的正常功能，并非“友好火力”的结果；选项C（免疫细胞的发育）和D（细菌的成功伪装）是导致该现象的原因，而非结果。故选B。33.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段，在Shimon研究之前，一些令人困惑的自身免疫反应暗示了存在更复杂的调节器，这推动了他进行进一步研究。因此，他进行小鼠研究的目的是为了解决这个困惑。选项A（为了获奖）、C（为了治疗疾病）和D（为了捍卫一个信念）在文中均无依据。故选B。34.答案：C解析：写作目的题。第四段中，作者将当时定位小鼠基因组的难度比作“大海捞针”，是为了强调Brunkow和Ramsdell进行实验时所面临的巨大困难。选项A（介绍医学的悠久历史）、B（强调实验鼠的重要作用）和D（表明自身免疫疾病的罕见性）均非此比喻在文中所要表达的核心意图。故选C。35.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“TheyfinallyfoundthesourceoftroublewasavariationofthegenenamedFoxp3”，“asimilarerrorinahuman’sgene”也会导致人患上免疫疾病，以及第五段Shimon将Foxp3基因与调节性T细胞的功能联系起来，可以推断，Foxp3基因出错是导致免疫调节功能失效、进而引发自身免疫疾病的根本原因。选项B（调节性T细胞被区分出来）是科学发现，而非病因；选项C（免疫系统受到攻击）和D（细菌侵入人体）均不是文中所述的自身免疫疾病的根源。故选A。答案：C；A；G；F；E解析：36.该空承上启下。上文引用贺拉斯的名言并阐述诗人能"cutthroughthatfogtorevealthetruthbeneath"，选项C中的"Inthisway"完美承接上文"揭示真理"这一功能，并总结指出其作用是"understandtheworldbetter"，对应前文中诗人能"takeinsightsintoourworld"。故选C。37.该空需要对下文进行概括。下文具体描述了在等公交、晚餐分享等"life’ssmallwindowsoftime"里，诗歌可以开始并完成一件有价值的事。选项A"Ashortpoemisagiftforus"是对这一情景的精准比喻和概括，与之形成呼应，也对应此段的段首句中提到的诗歌精短的特点，"itisoftenremarkablybriefinform"。故选A。38.该空与上文构成顺承关系。上文提到诗人用美言描绘世间美，我们可能会感到震撼。选项G以"Suddenly"开头，生动地描绘了震撼后的结果——"webecomeawareofthebeautysocloseyetunseenbefore"，这与下文的"wehaveneverfullyappreciatedthethingsaroundus"形成自然的逻辑衔接。故选G。39.该空为段落主旨句。下文的核心是"通过诗歌，westepintotheperspectivesofothers，提升同理心和情商"。选项F指出"Poetrygivesvoicetooursharedhumanemotionsandexperiences"，这句段首句也是段落的中心句，完美统领整个段落。故选F。40.该空需要提出具体建议。上文提到要从小培养孩子对诗歌的热爱，下文则说"这个实践"能创造bondingexperience（亲密体验）。选项E提出的"spendingplentyoftimereadingpoemstogether"正是这样一个具体且可操作的"practice"，与上下文紧密衔接。故选E。41.答案：C解析：上下文逻辑题。根据开篇时间状语“LastOctober”可知，故事发生在秋季(autumn)。后文“dried...beneathourfeet”也暗示了秋天的落叶景象。42.答案：A解析：名词辨析与语境题。句子“thewarmsuncastagolden...”描述太阳洒下金色的光芒。A.light(光)最符合此意境。B.shadow(阴影)与“golden”和“warmsun”的积极意境矛盾；

C.fire(火焰)过于强烈；

D.thread(线)无法与“cast”形成合理搭配。43.答案：D解析：名词辨析与常识题。在秋天的公园，脚下最可能发出“crackingsound”的是干枯的树叶(leaves)。44.答案：B解析：形容词辨析与常识题。描述“Asdarkfell,theairgrew...”。根据常识，入夜后空气会变得凉爽(cool)。A.thin(稀薄)不用于描述温度；

C.calm(平静)描述状态而非温度；D.fine（晴朗）不符合夜幕降临时的温度变化规律。45.答案：B解析：动词辨析与语境题。下雨时，父母用塑料布去遮盖（cover）物品。A.hold（拿着）、C.repair（修理）、D.gather（收集）均不如“cover”能准确描述用防水布保护物品的动作。46.答案：D解析：形容词辨析与上下文逻辑题。前文提到“itsuddenlybegantorain”，所以这场雨是意外的（unexpected）。A.unwelcome（不受欢迎的）是父母的视角，不是“我”的感受；B.unrecorded（未记录的）与文意无关；C.unending（无休止的）与后文雨停的事实矛盾。47.答案：B解析：动词辨析与固定搭配题。在帐篷里，一家人分享（shared）着“snacks,storiesandlaughter”。A.ate（吃）只涉及零食，不够全面；C.made（制作）、D.passed（传递）不如“shared”能准确描述共同分享美好时光的意境。48.答案：A解析：名词辨析与上下文逻辑题。根据后文“somecattlehurryingaway”可知，他们听到的是沉重的脚步声（footsteps）。B.heartbeat（心跳声）不会从外部靠近；C.thunderstorms（雷雨）与后文“the...hadstoppedcompletely”矛盾；D.gunshots（枪声）与故事温馨的基调不符。49.答案：C解析：动词辨析与上下文逻辑题。根据后文关键信息“trappingusinamess”可知，帐篷是“倒塌”了，也对应下一段的“setthetentbackup”。A.circled（环绕）不符合被困住的场景；B.flew（飞走）不符合实际；D.shook（摇晃）程度过轻，无法导致“被困”的结果。只有C.collapsed（倒塌）能准确描述帐篷倒下并将人困住的情形。50.答案：C解析：动词辨析与上下文逻辑题。根据前文“alarminglyclose（令人惊恐地接近）”和后文“Heartracing（心跳加速）”可知，当时情况突发且可怕，一家人的反应是“惊慌”。A.hesitated（犹豫）和D.debated（争论）都显得过于冷静；B.cheered（欢呼）与惊恐的情绪完全相反。只有C.panicked（惊慌）能准确体现他们面对未知危险时的本能恐惧反应。51.答案：C解析：动词辨析与语境题。他们需要把自己从塌掉的帐篷下拉（pulled）出来。A.drove（驱赶）、B.threw（扔）不符合从被困处脱身的动作。52.答案：D解析：动词辨析与搭配题。牛群是绊倒（tripped）在帐篷绳上。trip此处是动词，一词多义。A.jumped（跳过）、C.rolled（滚过）都无法解释帐篷被拉塌的原因。53.答案：A解析：名词辨析与上下文逻辑题。他们脱困后，注意到雨（rain）已经完全停了。B.cattle（牛群）已经跑开；C.laughter（笑声）和D.show（表演）与上下文描述的天气变化无关。54.答案：D解析：动词辨析与上常识题。雨停了，夜空变得晴朗（cleared）。55.答案：A解析：形容词辨析与总结题。这次经历包含了意外、惊慌和最终的圆满，整体是一个冒险的、惊险刺激的（adventurous）夜晚。B.instructive（有教育意义的）、C.romantic（浪漫的）只体现了经历的某个方面；D.familiar（熟悉的）与这次独特而意外的经历矛盾。56.proposed 57.toreduce 58.seasonal 59.which 60.wasawarded61.a 62.and 63.avoid