八年级英语Unit 3知识点总结与练习

一、知识点总结（一）词汇精讲本单元围绕“家务劳动”与“礼貌请求”展开，核心词汇需从词性、词义、常用搭配三方面掌握：1.chore（n.杂务；乏味的工作）可数名词，常用搭配：*dochores*（做家务）。例：*Doingchoreshelpschildrenlearnresponsibility.*（做家务帮助孩子学会责任感。）2.fold（v.折叠；对折）及物动词，后接宾语。例：*Pleasefoldthemapbeforeputtingitaway.*（收起来前请把地图折好。）短语拓展：*foldup*（折叠起来）。3.sweep（v.扫；打扫）过去式为*swept*。例：*Sheswepttheleavesoffthesidewalkthismorning.*（她今天早上扫了人行道上的树叶。）短语拓展：*sweepaway*（扫除；清除）。4.rubbish（n.垃圾；废弃物）不可数名词。例：*Don'tthrowrubbishoutofthewindow.*（别往窗外扔垃圾。）短语拓展：*takeouttherubbish*（倒垃圾）。5.mess（n.杂乱；不整洁）常用短语：*inamess*（一团糟）。例：*Aftertheparty,thehallwasinamess.*（派对后，大厅一片狼藉。）6.throw（v.扔；掷）过去式为*threw*，需区分短语：*throwaway*（扔掉，表丢弃）：*Don'tthrowawaytheoldbooks—wecandonatethem.*（别扔旧书，我们可以捐赠。）*throwat*（朝……扔，含恶意）：*It'srudetothrowstonesatanimals.*（朝动物扔石头很粗鲁。）*throwto*（扔给，表传递）：*Hethrewtheballtohislittlebrother.*（他把球扔给弟弟。）7.neither（adv./pron./adj.也不；两者都不）作副词（倒装句）：表“也不”，结构为*neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语*（前句为否定句）。例：*Idon'tlikecoffee.Neitherdoesmysister.*（我不喜欢咖啡，我妹妹也不喜欢。）作代词：表“两者都不”，常与*of*连用。例：*Neitherofthetwopensworks.*（两支笔都坏了。）（谓语动词用单数）作形容词：修饰单数名词，与*nor*连用（*neither...nor...*），遵循“就近原则”。例：*NeitherhenorIamgoodatpainting.*（他和我都不擅长画画。）（be动词随*I*用*am*）（二）短语归纳本单元短语多与“家务行为”“请求回应”相关，需结合语境记忆：1.*dochores*做家务2.*dothedishes*洗餐具3.*takeouttherubbish*倒垃圾4.*makeone'sbed*整理床铺（*one's*随主语变化，例：*makemybed*）5.*foldtheclothes*叠衣服6.*sweepthefloor*扫地7.*inamess*乱七八糟8.*allthetime*频繁；反复（例：*Heplaysgamesonthephoneallthetime.*）9.*assoonas*一……就……（引导时间状语从句，主句将来时，从句现在时）10.*spendtime(in)doingsth*花费时间做某事（*in*可省略，例：*Ispendanhour(in)readingeveryday.*）11.*lendsb.sth./lendsth.tosb.*把某物借给某人（短暂性动词，与*borrow*相反），例：*Canyoulendyourbiketome?*12.*borrowsth.fromsb.*向某人借某物，例：*Iborrowedabookfromthelibrary.*13.*dependon*依靠；信赖（例：*Childrenshouldn'talwaysdependontheirparents.*）14.*takecareof*照顾；处理（=*lookafter*）（三）语法聚焦1.情态动词**could**的用法礼貌请求他人做事：用*Couldyouplease+动词原形...?*，语气委婉。肯定回答：*Sure./Ofcourse./Yes,Ican.*否定回答：*Sorry,Ican't.Ihaveto...*例：*Couldyoupleasecleantheclassroom?*（你能打扫教室吗？）*Sure,I'lldoitrightaway.*（当然，我马上做。）请求允许自己做事：用*CouldI+动词原形...?*，表委婉请求。肯定回答：*Yes,youcan./Sure.*否定回答：*No,youcan't.Youshould...*例：*CouldIuseyourdictionary?*（我能用你的字典吗？）*Sorry,I'musingitnow.*（抱歉，我正在用。）2.**neither**的深度用法（见“词汇精讲”中“neither”部分，需结合例句理解倒装、代词、形容词三种词性的用法）（四）句型梳理1.礼貌请求句型：*Couldyouplease+动词原形...?*（请求他人做事）例：*Couldyoupleasehelpmecarrythebox?*（你能帮我搬箱子吗？）*CouldI+动词原形...?*（请求允许自己做事）例：*CouldIgotothemoviestonight?*（我今晚能去看电影吗？）2.花费时间/金钱句型：*spend+时间/金钱+(in)doingsth/onsth*例：*Shespendstwohours(in)practicingthepianoeveryday.*（她每天花两小时练钢琴。）*Hespent100yuanonthebook.*（他花100元买了这本书。）3.it作形式主语句型：*It's+adj.+forsb.todosth*（对某人来说做某事是……的）例：*It'snecessaryforustolearnteamwork.*（对我们来说，学习团队合作很有必要。）4.时间状语从句句型：*assoonas*引导从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（“主将从现”）。二、同步练习（一）词汇运用（根据句意及首字母/汉语提示填空）1.Couldyoupleasef______yourclothes?They'reonthebed.（fold）2.Don'tt______yourbookseverywhere.Puttheminthebag.（throw）3.Theroomisinam______aftertheparty.Let'scleanit.（mess）4.Iusuallyhelpmymotherdothe______(餐具)afterdinner.（dishes）5.Myfatheraskedmetotakeoutthe______(垃圾)thismorning.（rubbish）（二）短语翻译（汉译英）1.倒垃圾：takeouttherubbish2.整理床铺：makeone'sbed3.叠衣服：foldtheclothes4.扫地：sweepthefloor5.一……就……：assoonas（三）句型转换（按要求改写句子）1.Couldyoupleasecleanthelivingroom?（作肯定回答）Sure,Ican.3.Shespenttwohoursdoingherhomework.（改为同义句）Ittookhertwohourstodoherhomework.4.CouldIborrowyourpen?（改为同义句）Couldyoulendyourpentome?5.Hewillcallyouwhenhegetshome.（用assoonas改写）Hewillcallyouassoonashegetshome.（四）完形填空（根据上下文选择最佳答案）It'simportantforteenagerstodochoresathome.Someparentsthinktheirchildren'sjobistostudy,sotheydon'tlettheirchildren1______chores.ButIdon'tagreewiththem.Childrenneedtolearnhowto2______themselves.Doingchorescanhelpthemdeveloptheirindependence.WhenIwasten,mymotheroftenaskedmetodochores.Sheaskedmeto3______mybedeverymorningand4______theflooreveryday.Sometimessheaskedmeto5______therubbish.Atfirst,Ifeltunhappy.ButlaterIfounditwasinteresting.Icouldalsospendtime6______withmymotherwhenwedidchorestogether.NowI'musedtodoingchoresandIthinkit'sagoodwayto7______myparents.1.A.do（*letsb.dosth.*结构，选do）2.C.lookafter（照顾自己，符合语境）3.A.make（*makeone'sbed*整理床铺）4.B.sweep（*sweepthefloor*扫地）5.A.takeout（*takeouttherubbish*倒垃圾）6.A.talking（*spendtime(in)doingsth.*，选talking）7.B.careabout（关心父母，符合语境）（五）阅读理解（根据短文内容选择最佳答案）Doingchoresisagoodwaytohelpparentsandlearnlifeskills.Herearesomechoreskidscandoatdifferentages.For5-7-year-olds:Theycanhelpmaketheirbeds,pickuptoys,andfeedpets.Thesechoresareeasyandfun.For8-11-year-olds:Theycandomoredifficultchoreslikewashingdishes,sweepingthefloor,andtakingouttherubbish.Theycanalsohelpcooksimplemeals.Doingchoresnotonlyhelpsparentsbutalsoteacheskidsresponsibility.Itmakesthemunderstandthateveryoneinthefamilyshoulddotheirpart.1.Whatcan5-year-oldsdo?B.Feedpets.（根据“For5-7-year-olds:...feedpets”可知）2.Whichchoreisfor8-11-year-olds?B.Takingouttherubbish.（根据“For8-11-year-olds:...takingouttherubbish”可知）3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?C.Choresfordifferentages.（文章介绍不同年龄段孩子可做的家务，选C）（六）写作练习（MyChoresatHome）写作思路：先介绍日常家务，再描述感受，最后总结收获。注意使用本单元词汇（*chores,sweep,fold,takeout*等）和句型（*spendtimedoing,It's+adj.+to...*等）。范文示例：MyChoresatHomeIdomanychoresathometohelpmyparents.Everymorning,Imakemybedandsweepthefloor.Afterdinner,Ioftendothedishesandtakeouttherubbish.Onweekends,If