湖北省鄂东南教育联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省鄂东南教育联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是：C。1.Whosecameraisit?A.David’s. B.Alice’s. C.Jane’s.【答案】C【原文】W:Hi,couldyoulendmethecamera,David?M:Hi,Alice.I’dliketo,butitbelongstoJane.W:Well,inthatcase,I’llborrowonefromMary.2.Howwillthespeakerspayforthecoffeeprobably?A.Incoins. B.Innotes. C.Bycreditcard.【答案】C【原文】W:Look,there’sacoffeemachineoverthere.Canyouseewhichcoinsituses?M:OK...Haveyougotyourcreditcardwithyou?Ineeditforthemachine.Itdoesn’ttakecoinsornotes.3.Whereisthemainoffice?A.InSwitzerland. B.InSweden. C.InAmerica.【答案】A【原文】W:MrLee,I’llbegoingbacktoSwitzerlandsoon.I’mbeingtransferredtoourmainoffice.M:Whatasurprise!IthoughtyouweregoingtoSwedenoffice.AllofusatSanFranciscowillmissyou!4.Whatisthewomangoingtotry?A.Sailingaboat. B.Skiing. C.Ridingabike.【答案】C【原文】M:Lookatthisleafletfromthenewleisurecenter.Iquitefancyskiingorlearninghowtosailaboat.W:Soyouthinkthatridingabikewouldbeboring?M:Well,it’snotveryexciting,isit?W:Iknow,butmaybeit’stimeIdidsomethingI’veneverdonebefore,evenifitisboring!5.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atacountrysidehotel.B.Atawinefactory.C.Onafarm.【答案】A【原文】M:Ican’tbelievethatallyourroomsareoccupied.W:Don’tyouknowaboutthewinefestival?And,ofcourse,thecountrysideisreallyprettyinthefall,soalotoftouristscomeforsightseeing.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whereisthemangoing?A.ToSaltLakeCity. B.ToNewYork. C.ToHelsinki.7.Howmanyhourswillittakethemantoreachhisdestination?A.18hours. B.22hours. C.23hours.【答案】6.C7.B【原文】W:OK.That’sFlight1070fromSaltLakeCitytoNewYork,KennedyAirport,transferringtoFlight90fromKennedytoHelsinki.M:Andwhatarethedepartureandarrivaltimesforeachofthoseflights?W:ItleavesSaltLakeCityat10:00am,arrivinginNewYorkat4:30pm,thentransferringtoFlight90at5:30pm,andarrivinginHelsinkiat8:00amthenextday.M:Alright.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatwasthemandoingduringtheearthquake?A.Shouting. B.Running. C.Sleeping.9.Howwasthemanwhentheearthquaketookplace?A.Hewasill. B.Hewashelpless. C.Hewasfrightened.【答案】8.C9.A【原文】W:Whatdidyoudoduringtheearthquake,James?M:Stayedinbed.W:Whatdoyoumean?Didn’tyoutrytogetoutside?M:No.Ihadgotaterribleflu,soIjuststayedinbed.W:Sowhathappened?M:Well,Imusthavesleptthroughtheearthquake,althoughnobodybelievesme.Theysaiditwasnoisy.ThenIwokeupat4:00inthemorning,stillfeelingterriblewiththeflu,eyesrunning,noserunning.Youknowhowyoufeelwhenyou’vegottheflu.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。10.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodoatfirst?A.Showhismembershipcard.B.Applyformembership.C.Choosethemovieshelikes.11.Howmanymoviesdoesthemanrent?A.Two. B.Three. C.Five.12.Howmuchshouldthemanpayifthemoviesareoverdue?A.$3.50. B.$7.50. C.$10.【答案】10.A11.B12.B【原文】M:Hi.I’dliketorenttheseromancemovies.W:OK.Well,doyouhaveyourmembershipcard?M:No,Idon’t.Uh,doIneedonetorentvideoshere?W:Yes,butit’sfree.It’sjustacardweusetohelpuskeeptrackofvideorentals.So,pleasefilloutthismembershipform.M:OK,andhowmucharemovierentalsanyway?W:Well,newreleasesare$3.50,andallothermoviesare$2,andyoucanrentuptosixmoviesatatime.M:Oh,well,I’lltakethesetonight.W:Yourtotalcomesto$7.50.M:AndwhendoIneedtoreturnthem?W:TheyhavetobereturnedonThursdaybyteno’clock.Andthereisanoverduefeeequaltotherentalfeeofthemovie,sobesuretoreturnthemontime.M:OK.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Daughterandfather.14.Whydoesthewomansay“Iwasn’tbornyesterday”?A.Sheisuninterestedinrulenumber3.B.Shehasalreadyknownrulenumber2.C.Shedisagreeswiththemanaboutrulenumber1.15.Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?A.Thecarisinbadconditionnow.B.Thewomanhasalreadygotthedriver’slicense.C.Thewoman’shouseisfarfromthemovietheater.16.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Atnoon. C.Intheafternoon.【答案】13.C14.B15.B16.A【原文】M:Wait,wait.Whereareyougoing?W:MumsaidIcouldtakethecartoschoolthismorning,and...M:Holdonhere.I’vepreparedafewrulesregardingtheuseofthemotorvehiclesinthishouse.W:Rules?M:Rulenumberone:Nodrivingwithfriendsforthefirstsixmonths.W:What?M:Teenagersoftenlackthejudgmenttodriveresponsibly,especiallywhenseveralteenagersareinvolved.Rulenumbertwo:Youalwaysmustwearyourseatbeltandobeytherulesoftheroad.W:Duh.Iwasn’tbornyesterday.M:OK.Rulenumberthree:Youcan’tdrivelongdistancesatnightbecauseyoumightgetsleepyanddriveofftheroad.Butdrivingtothemovietheaterisfine.W:Butthemovietheaterisrightacrossthestreetfromourhouse.M:Andrulenumberfour:Youshouldneveruseacellphonewhiledriving.Thatcouldcauseanaccident.W:Iknow.Iknow.M:OK.Youcandrivetoschool,butdrivecarefullyanddon’tforgettofillupthecarwithgasbeforeyoucomehome.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Howmanycarscanthehotelhold?A.220. B.235. C.244.18.Whatdoweknowabouttherooms?A.Allroomshavealarmclocks.B.Snookerroomsneedextrafees.C.Singleroomsdon’thavemini-bars.19.Whatisfreeofcharge?A.Wake-upcalls. B.Lock-upgarages. C.Playingtabletennis.20.Whatisforbidden?A.Swimminginthepool.B.Takingdogsintothehotel.C.Havingbreakfastintheroom.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.B【原文】W:OK,everyone.NowI’mgladtotellyousomethingaboutHotelAlpha.HotelAlphaissituatedclosetothemotorwayandwithintwokilometersofNewtoncitycenter.Thehotelhas220carparkingspacesaswellas15lock-upgarages.Overnightchargesareavailableonrequest.Thereisa24-hourreceptionservice,whichmeansyoucancheckinwheneveryouwant.FaxandphotocopyingservicesareavailableonrequestatReception.Weofferbothsingleanddoublerooms.Allroomshaveaphoneandmini-barandguestsarewelcometowatchTVinthelounge.Roomserviceisavailablebydialing91.Ifyouwishtoorderanewspaper,pleaseinformReceptionthenightbefore.Eachroomhasanalarmclock,butyoucanorderawake-upcallfromReceptionforasmallextracharge.Breakfastisservedfrom6:30to10:00.Helpyourselftoasmuchasyoulikefromourbreakfastbuffet.Alightbreakfastcanbeservedinyourroombutthismustbeorderedbefore.HotelAlphahasthefollowingsportsfacilities:indoorswimmingpool,multi-gym,tabletennisandsnookerrooms.Guestswhowishtousethesefacilities,whicharefreeofcharge,areaskedtomakearrangementsthroughReception.Guestsarenotallowedtobringpetsintothehotelbutforasmallfeewecanarrangeforanimalstobelookedafternearby.Pleaseletusknowinadvanceifyouwishtobringananimalwithyou.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)ATheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina(USTC)researchinternshipprogramprovidestheopportunityforgraduatestudentsor3rd/4thyearundergraduatestudentstoparticipateinresearchprojectstogainvaluableexperienceonavarietyofcutting-edgeresearchatUSTC.ProgramBenefits●Enhanceresearchcapabilityinstate-of-the-artlabsundertheguidanceofprofessorsatUSTC.●HaveacompetitiveedgeinapplicationforMaster’s,Ph.D.andpost-doctoralprogramsatUSTCbydevelopingrelationshipswithfacultyandstudents.●ApplyforfreeChineselanguageandcultureclasstolearnbasicChineselanguageandexploreuniqueHuiculture.ApplicationQualification1.GoodcommandofEnglish.2.Non-Chinesecitizenswithaforeignpassport.3.Currentlyenrolledfull-timestudentsinundergraduateYear3/4,Master’s,ordoctoralprograms.Cost●Tuition:2,100RMB(≈304USD)permonth(undergraduatestudentormasterstudent).2,600RMB(≈377USD)permonth(PhDstudent).●Studentdormitory:500-1,000RMB(≈73-146USD)permonthdependingonroomtypeandsize.●Insurance:160RMB(≈23USD)permonth.ScholarshipUSTCofferslimitedscholarshipstooutstandingstudents.Allapplicantswillbeevaluated.USTCFellowshipLevelA1.freeprehensivemedicalinsurance3.freeuniversitydormitory4.grant:2,500RMB(≈392USD)/month(Bachelor)3,000RMB(≈470USD)/month(Master)3,500RMB(≈550USD)/month(PhD)LevelB1.freetuition2.comprehensivemedicalinsuranceLevelCfreetuition21.Whoisqualifiedforthisresearchinternshipprogram?A.ChineseYear2undergraduateswithfluentEnglish.B.Chinesepost-doctoralresearcherswithgoodgrades.C.Part-timeforeignPhDstudentswithproficientEnglish.D.Full-timeEnglishMaster’sstudentswithaforeignpassport.22.HowmuchdoesaFellowshipLevelBstudentpayatleast?A.23USD/month. B.73USD/month. C.146USD/month. D.304USD/month.23.Whereisthearticleprobablytakenfrom?A.Anofficialnoticepage. B.Acollegetravelbrochure.C.Chineselanguagetextbook. D.Anonlinejob-huntingwebsite.【答案】21.D22.B23.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了中国科学技术大学研究实习项目的相关信息，包括项目益处、申请资格、费用及奖学金情况。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据ApplicationQualification部分“2.Non-Chinesecitizenswithaforeignpassport.(2.持有外国护照的非中国公民。)”和“3.Currentlyenrolledfull-timestudentsinundergraduateYear3/4,Master’s,ordoctoralprograms.(3.目前全日制本科三、四年级、硕士或博士在读学生。)”可知，持有外国护照的英语硕士全日制学生有资格申请这个研究实习项目。故选D。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据Scholarship中LevelB“1.freetuition；2.comprehensivemedicalinsurance(1.免学费；2.综合医疗保险)”，以及Cost中“Studentdormitory:500-1,000RMB(≈73-146USD)permonth(学生宿舍：每月500-1000元人民币，约合73-146美元)”可知，B级奖学金学生需至少支付宿舍费最低档73美元/月。故选B。【23题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由第一段“TheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina(USTC)researchinternshipprogramprovidestheopportunityforgraduatestudentsor3rd/4thyearundergraduatestudentstoparticipateinresearchprojectstogainvaluableexperienceonavarietyofcutting-edgeresearchatUSTC.(中国科技大学（USTC）的研究实习项目为研究生或三四年级本科生提供了参与研究项目的机会，以获得在USTC进行各种前沿研究的宝贵经验。)”可知，文章主要介绍了中国科学技术大学的研究实习项目，包括项目的益处、申请资格、费用以及奖学金情况，这些信息通常出现在官方公告或通知中。因此，文章最有可能来源于一个官方通知页面。故选A。BAfterimmigratingtotheUnitedStatesfromtheWestIndiesin1901,19-year-oldBobDouglasfoundajobasadoormaninNewYorkCity.Oneday,aco-workertookhimtovisitanupstairsbasketballcourt,andhewasstunnedbytheathleticskillsondisplay.Inspiredbythatmoment,Douglaswasdeterminedtocreateabasketballteam—theNewYorkRenaissance—whichwasthefirstBlack-owned,all-Blackprofessionalbasketballteamatthattime.Needingapracticespotforhisteam,Douglassoughtcasino(赌场)ownerWilliamRoach’spermissiontousethedancefloorbeforelate-nightdancing,offeringtocoverteamcostsandbearallfinancialrisk.Besides,theteamhadtotravelthecountryplayinganyopponentthatwouldagreetoschedulethemtogothroughtwofinancialfailures.Theyrepeatedlyencountereddiscriminationandracialviolence,suchasfistfightswithwhiteplayersandfans.Theplayerswereoftenbannedfromhotelsandrestaurantsontheroad.Abasketballhistorian,DickEnglebergsaid.“Alotoftimestheystayedinjailsbecausethatwasthesafestplacetheycouldstay.”Nomattertheobstacle,theRensjustkeptwinning.In1925,theRensshockedtheworldbydefeatingtheOriginalCeltics,themostdominantall-whiteteamoftheirday.Duringthe1932-33season,theRenaissancewon88straightgames,aprofessionalbasketballrecordthatremainsunbroken.TheRensbegantodeclineasitsplayersgotolderandthetensofthousandsofmilesoftravelingtookitstoll,butintime,theywererecognizedfortheimportantroletheyplayedinadvancingblackathletesinbasketball.Douglas,whohadownedandcoachedtheRensfortheirentire25-yearrun,hasbeentodayknownasthe“FatherofBlackProfessionalBasketball,”whichensuresthatalthoughtheRensisn’tahouseholdname,theirlegacywillneverbeforgotten.24.WhatmotivatesDouglastoestablishtheteam?A.Thefinancialsupporthereceived.B.Theimpressiveathleticskillshesaw.C.HisconcernwiththejobsforBlackpeople.D.Hisdesiretobecomeafamousbasketballcoach.25.WhatcanweknowfromEngleberg’swords?A.Theteamchosejailstosavemoney.B.Jailscanprovidebasketballtrainingfacilities.C.Theplayerswerearrestedforfightingwithfans.D.Theteamcouldonlyfindaccommodationinjails.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasemeaninthelastparagraph?A.Gainedmorefans. B.Causedgreatlosses.C.Discouragedtheplayers. D.Boostedteamperformance.27.WhatcanbestdescribeDouglas?A.Carefulandhumble. B.Strictanddisciplined.C.Tolerantanddynamic. D.Determinedandresponsible.【答案】24.B25.D26.B27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述BobDouglas移民美国后受篮球运动启发，组建首支黑人职业篮球队，克服困难取得辉煌成就并获认可的故事。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Oneday,aco-workertookhimtovisitanupstairsbasketballcourt,andhewasstunnedbytheathleticskillsondisplay.Inspiredbythatmoment,Douglaswasdeterminedtocreateabasketballteam—theNewYorkRenaissance—whichwasthefirstBlack-owned,all-Blackprofessionalbasketballteamatthattime.(一天，一位同事带他去参观楼上的篮球场，他被展示出的运动技巧惊呆了。受那一刻的启发，道格拉斯决心组建一支篮球队——纽约文艺复兴队，这是当时第一支由黑人拥有、全部由黑人组成的职业篮球队。)”可知，道格拉斯是被篮球场上展示的出色运动技巧所激励，才决定组建球队。故选B项。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theplayerswereoftenbannedfromhotelsandrestaurantsontheroad.Abasketballhistorian,DickEnglebergsaid.“Alotoftimestheystayedinjailsbecausethatwasthesafestplacetheycouldstay.”(球员们在路上经常被禁止进入酒店和餐厅。篮球历史学家迪克·恩格尔伯格说：“很多时候他们住在监狱里，因为那是他们能找到的最安全的地方。”)”可知，球队因种族歧视无法入住酒店，只能选择监狱作为住宿地点。故选D项。【26题详析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“TheRensbegantodeclineasitsplayersgotolderandthetensofthousandsofmilesoftravelingtookitstoll,butintime,theywererecognizedfortheimportantroletheyplayedinadvancingblackathletesinbasketball.(文艺复兴队（TheRens）开始走向衰落，一方面是因为队员年龄增长，另一方面是数万英里的奔波跋涉让球队tookitstoll。但随着时间推移，他们因在推动黑人运动员参与篮球运动中所发挥的重要作用，获得了人们的认可。)”可知，长时间的旅行对球队产生了负面影响，导致球队衰落，“tookitstoll”应表示“造成损失、产生负面影响”。故选B项。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中道格拉斯受启发后决心组建首支黑人职业篮球队，以及第二段中“Needingapracticespotforhisteam,DouglassoughtcasinoownerWilliamRoach’spermissiontousethedancefloorbeforelate-nightdancing,offeringtocoverteamcostsandbearallfinancialrisk.(由于需要为球队寻找训练场地，道格拉斯请求赌场老板威廉·罗奇允许他们在深夜舞会前使用舞池，并主动提出承担球队费用和所有财务风险。)”可知，他为球队解决场地问题并承担风险，体现责任感；再结合球队面临种族歧视、财务失败等诸多困难仍坚持下去，且带领球队取得辉煌成绩，可见他意志坚定，因此“有决心且有责任感”最能描述道格拉斯。故选D项。CThearmbonesofwomenwholived7,000yearsagoshowasurprisinglevelofstrength—evenhigherthantoday’sprofessionalathletes.That’saccordingtoafirst-everstudycomparingprehistoricbonestothoseoflivingpeople.Thefindingsuggestsarevisionofhistory—theeverydaylivesofprehistoricwomenwerefilledwithhardlabor,ratherthanjustsittingathomedoinglightertaskswhilethemenstruggledandfoughtforlife.Beforethestudy,therearenoclearrecordsdescribinghowourancientancestorslived.“Itcanbeeasytoforgetthatboneisalivingtissue,onethatrespondstothedifficultiesweputourbodiesthrough,”saidleadauthorAlisonMacintosh.“Physicalforceandmuscleactivitybothputpressureonthebone.Thebonereactsbychanginginshape,thicknessandotheraspectsovertime.”“Previousstudiesonlycomparedfemalebonestocontemporarymalebones,”theresearcherssaid,“Andthat’saproblem,becausetheresponseofmalebonestostressandchangeismuchbiggerthanthatofwomen.Forinstance,ashumansmovedfromahunter-gathererlifestyleconstantlyonthemovetoamoresettledagrarian(农耕的)one,changescanbeobservedinthestructureoftheshinbone(胫骨),andthesechangesweremuchmoreevidentinmen.”However,acomparisonofthebonesofprehistoricwomentothebonesoflivingfemaleathletescanhelpusworkoutamoreaccuratepictureofwhatthoseprehistoricwomenweredoing.“Byanalyzingthebonesoflivingpeopleandcomparingthemtotheancientbones,wecanstarttoexplainthekindsoflaborourancestorswerereforming,”Macintoshsaid.Whattheyfoundwasthatwomen’slegstrengthhasn’tchangedagreatdeal,buttheirarmsusedtobeverypowerful.Prehistoricwomen,theresearchersfound,hadarmstrength11-16percentstrongerthanthoseofmodernrowers,and30percentstrongerthanthoseofnon-athletes.28.Whatcanweknowaboutprehistoricwomen?A.Theydidtoughtasksasmen. B.Theywerestrongerthanmen.C.Theyhadlighterbonesthanmen. D.Theyspentmosttimestayingathome.29.WhatisParagraph2mainlytalkingaboutconcerningthestudy?A.Itsmethods. B.Itsprocedures.C.Itspotentialimpact. D.Itstheoreticalfoundation.30.Whatproblemdidpreviousstudiesonprehistoricboneshave?A.Insufficientsamplecomparison. B.Mistakesinsampleanalysis.C.Toomuchemphasisonshinbones. D.Impropermethodsofsampling.31.Whyaremodernrowersmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toshowtheirmarvellousarmstrength.B.Tostresslaborintensityofprehistoricalwomen.C.Tocomparetheirstrengthwithprehistoricalwomen’s.D.Toillustratetheiradvantagesovernon-athletesinstrength.【答案】28.A29.D30.A31.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现史前女性的手臂骨骼力量惊人，甚至超过现代专业运动员。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thefindingsuggestsarevisionofhistory—theeverydaylivesofprehistoricwomenwerefilledwithhardlabor,ratherthanjustsittingathomedoinglightertaskswhilethemenstruggledandfoughtforlife.(这一发现表明要对历史进行修正——史前女性的日常生活充满了繁重的劳动，而不是像男性那样挣扎求生时，她们只是坐在家里做些轻松的活。)”可知，史前女性也像男性一样做着繁重的任务。故选A。【29题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中““Itcanbeeasytoforgetthatboneisalivingtissue,onethatrespondstothedifficultiesweputourbodiesthrough,”saidleadauthorAlisonMacintosh.“Physicalforceandmuscleactivitybothputpressureonthebone.Thebonereactsbychanginginshape,thicknessandotheraspectsovertime.”(“人们很容易忘记，骨骼是一种活组织，它会对我们施加在身体上的各种艰难困苦做出反应，”该研究的主要作者艾莉森·麦金托什说道，“身体所受的力和肌肉活动都会对骨骼产生压力。随着时间的推移，骨骼会通过改变形状、厚度和其他方面来做出反应。”)”可知，第二段主要解释了该研究的理论基础，即骨骼是如何对压力做出反应的。故选D。【30题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段““Previousstudiesonlycomparedfemalebonestocontemporarymalebones,”theresearcherssaid,“Andthat’saproblem,becausetheresponseofmalebonestostressandchangeismuchbiggerthanthatofwomen.Forinstance,ashumansmovedfromahunter-gathererlifestyleconstantlyonthemovetoamoresettledagrarian(农耕的)one,changescanbeobservedinthestructureoftheshinbone(胫骨),andthesechangesweremuchmoreevidentinmen.”(研究人员说：“以前的研究只是将女性骨骼与当代男性骨骼进行比较，这是一个问题，因为男性骨骼对压力和变化的反应比女性大得多。例如，当人类从不断迁徙的狩猎采集生活方式转变为更定居的农耕生活方式时，胫骨的结构会发生变化，而这些变化在男性身上更为明显。”)”可知，先前的研究在样本比较上存在问题，即只将女性骨骼与当代男性骨骼进行比较，而忽略了男女骨骼对压力和变化的反应差异。故选A。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whattheyfoundwasthatwomen’slegstrengthhasn’tchangedagreatdeal,buttheirarmsusedtobeverypowerful.Prehistoricwomen,theresearchersfound,hadarmstrength11-16percentstrongerthanthoseofmodernrowers,and30percentstrongerthanthoseofnon-athletes.(他们发现，女性的腿部力量并没有太大变化，但她们的手臂曾经非常有力。研究人员发现，史前女性的手臂力量比现代划船者强11-16%，比非运动员强30%。)”可知，最后一段提到现代划船者是为了强调史前女性的劳动强度，即她们的手臂力量非常强大，甚至超过了现代划船者。故选B。DBathinginthesunhasbeenconsideredahealthhazardforatleastfourdecades.Itmainlycomesfromultraviolet(UV)light,whichtheSunemitsalongsidevisibleradiation.TherisksUVposesarereal,butanewresearchsuggestsitmaybetimetoconsiderthebenefits.AccordingtoastudypublishedrecentlyinHealthandPlace,increasedUVexposureappearstomakepeoplesignificantlylesslikelytodieofcardiovascular(心血管)diseaseaswellascancer.Toconducttheiranalysis,theresearchersfromtheUniversityofEdinburghuseddatafromover360,000peopleintheUKBiobank,adatabase.TheyidentifiedtwogroupsmorelikelytohavehighUVexposure:thosewhoclaimedtousesunbedsorsunlamps;andthoselivinginsunnierlocations.Tocheckthattheirassumptionsaboutthesubjects’UVexposurewerecorrect,thescientistsalsolookedatvitaminDlevelsinasubsetofbloodsamples.AsvitaminDissynthesisedintheskininthepresenceofcertainformsofUVradiation,itisareliableindicatorofsolarexposure.Theiranalysisshowedthatsunbed-userswere23%lesslikelytodieofcardiovasculardisease,and14%lesslikelytodieofcancer,thannon-users.Similartrendshelddependingonwherepeoplelived.Sunbed-users,inotherwords,livedanaverageof48dayslongerthannon-usersoverthe15yearsduringwhichtheywerestudied.TheexactmechanismwherebyUVlightmightlengthenlivesisunknown.TheauthorsbelievepartoftheexplanationmaylieinvitaminD’scompetenceinboostingtheimmunesystemandimprovingbonehealth.Theyalsopointtonitricoxide(NO，一氧化氮),apowerfulblood-vesselwidenercapableofreducingtheriskofcardiovasculardisease.ApriorresearchpublishedintheJournalofInvestigativeDermatologyshowedthatNOisreleasedinskincellsthathavemoderateexposuretosomeUVradiation,andsunlighthelpsmoveitintothecirculatorysystems.Butfornow,expertsagreethestudyisnotalicencetostopwearingsuncream.32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Byprovidingalong-heldopinion. D.Bymakingcomparison.33.WhatisemployedtomeasureUVexposure?A.Thelocationsofliving. B.Thelengthofsunbathing.C.Thefrequencyofsunbathing. D.ThelevelofvitaminDinblood.34.WhichmechanismisapossiblewayUVexposurelengthenslife?A.Reducingbonedensity. B.Movingthecirculatorysystem.C.Restrictingtheimmunesystem. D.ReleasingNOtowidenbloodvessels.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Sunbathing:RiskingOurSkin. B.UVExposure:BenefitsorNot?C.SunCream:AcureforUVExposure. D.VitaminD:AWaytoLengthenLifespan?【答案】32.C33.D34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究，研究表明紫外线暴露可能带来健康益处，如降低心血管疾病和癌症死亡风险，但具体机制尚不明确。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Bathinginthesunhasbeenconsideredahealthhazardforatleastfourdecades.(至少四十年来，晒太阳一直被认为是一种健康危害。)”可知，作者在第一段通过提供一个长期持有的观点来引出话题。故选C。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tocheckthattheirassumptionsaboutthesubjects’UVexposurewerecorrect,thescientistsalsolookedatvitaminDlevelsinasubsetofbloodsamples.AsvitaminDissynthesisedintheskininthepresenceofcertainformsofUVradiation,itisareliableindicatorofsolarexposure.(为了验证他们对受试者紫外线暴露的假设是否正确，科学家们还检查了一部分血液样本中的维生素D水平。由于维生素D是在某些形式的紫外线辐射存在的情况下在皮肤中合成的，因此它是太阳暴露的一个可靠指标。)”可知，通过血液中维生素D的水平来测量紫外线暴露。故选D。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Theyalsopointtonitricoxide(NO，一氧化氮),apowerfulblood-vesselwidenercapableofreducingtheriskofcardiovasculardisease.ApriorresearchpublishedintheJournalofInvestigativeDermatologyshowedthatNOisreleasedinskincellsthathavemoderateexposuretosomeUVradiation,andsunlighthelpsmoveitintothecirculatorysystems.(他们还指出一氧化氮（NO）是一种强大的血管扩张剂，能够降低心血管疾病的风险。发表在《皮肤病学研究杂志》上的一项先前研究表明，NO在皮肤细胞中释放，这些细胞受到一定程度的紫外线辐射，阳光有助于将其转移到循环系统。)”可知，释放一氧化氮扩张血管可能是紫外线暴露延长寿命的一种可能机制。故选D。【35题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“TherisksUVposesarereal,butanewresearchsuggestsitmaybetimetoconsiderthebenefits.(紫外线带来的风险是真实的，但一项新的研究表明，或许是时候考虑它的益处了。)”以及最后一段中“TheexactmechanismwherebyUVlightmightlengthenlivesisunknown.(紫外线延长寿命的确切机制尚不清楚。)”可知，文章主要讨论了紫外线暴露的益处，以及其延长寿命的可能机制，但具体机制尚不明确。因此，选项B“UVExposure:BenefitsorNot?(紫外线暴露：有益还是有害？)”作为文章标题最合适。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Afteryearsofdevelopment,protestandregulatoryredtape,thefirstgeneticallymodified(转基因的),non-browningapplesunderthebrandArcticApple,willsoongoonsaleintheUnitedStates.____36____Thelimitedsaleisanearlytestrunforthecontroversialapple,whichhasbeengeneticallymodifiedtoridthebrowningthatoccurswhenanappleisbitten,slicedorleftoutintheopenair.Bothsupportersandcriticsofgeneticengineeringsaythattheapplecouldbeaturningpointinthenation’sdebatewithextremeopinionsovergeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs).____37____Yet,theArcticApplewouldbeoneofthefirstGMOscommerciallymarketedtoconsumersasmoreconvenient.____38____Theyalsosayitwillpotentiallyopenthemarkettopinkpineapples,antioxidant-enriched(抗氧化)tomatoes,andotherfoodcurrentlyindevelopment.“Ithinkconsumersareveryreadyforapplesthatdon’tgobrown,”saidthefounderofthecompanythatmakestheArcticApple,“____39____”GMOcritics,however,saytheyhopeconsumerswillcontinuetodoubttheproduce.TheyexpressthatdespiteagrowingagreementinscientificcirclesthatGMOsrunlittlerisks,environmentalandconsumergroupshavesuccessfullylaunchedcampaignsagainstGMOsoverthepast30years.____40____A.TheyseethisaslessaboutGMandmoreaboutconvenience.B.GMOshaveinthepastbeendefendedasawaytoprotectcrops.C.MostAmericansalreadyconsumealargenumberofGMOseveryday.D.Thistechnologycouldtheoreticallybeappliedlatertoothertreefruits.E.Thefruit,soldslicedandmarketed,couldhitlotsofmid-westerngrocerystores.F.GMOsupporterspredicttheapplecouldopenawholenewtradeinGMproduce.G.TheyhavesuccessfullylimitedtheresearchonGMOcropslikesoybeansandcorn.【答案】36.E37.B38.F39.A40.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国首款转基因防褐变苹果即将上市，引发转基因食品支持者与批评者的不同观点，凸显其在转基因争议中的转折意义。【36题详析】根据上文“Afteryearsofdevelopment,protestandregulatoryredtape,thefirstgeneticallymodified(转基因的),non-browningapplesunderthebrandArcticApple,willsoongoonsaleintheUnitedStates.(经过多年的研发、抗议和监管繁琐程序，首款北极苹果品牌的转基因防褐变苹果即将在美国上市。)”可知，此空需补充该苹果上市的具体情况，如销售形式和范围。E选项“Thefruit,soldslicedandmarketed,couldhitlotsofmid-westerngrocerystores.(这种切片销售的水果，可能会进入中西部的许多杂货店。)”中的“Thefruit”指代北极苹果，“soldsliced”以及“mid-westerngrocerystores”具体说明销售形式和投放范围，承接上文“即将上市”，符合语境。故选E项。【37题详析】根据上文“Bothsupportersandcriticsofgeneticengineeringsaythattheapplecouldbeaturningpointinthenation’sdebatewithextremeopinionsovergeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMOs).(基因工程的支持者和批评者都表示，这种苹果可能会成为美国关于转基因生物极端观点争议的转折点。)”以及下文“Yet,theArcticApplewouldbeoneofthefirstGMOscommerciallymarketedtoconsumersasmor