2025年CMA《财务规划与分析》真题汇编

2025年CMA《财务规划与分析》真题汇编考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、SmithCompanyusesastandardcostingsystem.Thestandardcostperunitfordirectmaterialsis5poundsofmaterialat$2perpound.DuringJune,thecompanyproduced1,000unitsandincurred$10,500for4,500poundsofdirectmaterials.WhatwasthedirectmaterialspricevarianceforJune?A)$500favorableB)$500unfavorableC)$600favorableD)$600unfavorable二、Acompanyusesactivity-basedcosting.Thefollowingdatapertainstotwoactivities:*Activity1:Machinesetups,costdriverisnumberofsetups.Totalcostis$120,000.Expectedactivityis1,000setups.*Activity2:Qualityinspections,costdriverisnumberofinspections.Totalcostis$90,000.Expectedactivityis1,500inspections.Ifthecompanyactuallyperformed800setupsand1,200inspectionsduringtheperiod,whatwasthetotaloverheadappliedtoproduction?A)$105,000B)$117,000C)$123,000D)$135,000三、Acompanyisconsideringinvestinginanewmachinethatcosts$100,000.Themachineisexpectedtogenerateannualcashinflowsof$30,000forfiveyears.Thecompany'srequiredrateofreturnis10%.Whatisthenetpresentvalueoftheinvestment?A)$10,000B)$12,000C)$15,000D)$20,000四、AcompanyhasthefollowingdataforthemonthofJune:*Beginninginventory:100unitsat$10each*PurchaseonJune10:200unitsat$12each*SalesonJune20:250unitsWhatisthecostofgoodssoldusingtheFIFO(First-In,First-Out)method?A)$2,500B)$2,700C)$3,000D)$3,200五、Acompanyhasthefollowingdata:*Sales:$500,000*Variablecosts:$300,000*Fixedcosts:$200,000Whatisthecontributionmarginratio?A)20%B)40%C)60%D)80%六、Acompanyhasabreak-evenpointof$400,000insalesdollars.Thecompany'scontributionmarginratiois30%.Whatisthecompany'sfixedcosts?A)$80,000B)$100,000C)$120,000D)$160,000七、Acompanyisconsideringtwomutuallyexclusiveprojects.ProjectAhasaninitialinvestmentof$100,000andanexpectedannualcashinflowof$40,000forfouryears.ProjectBhasaninitialinvestmentof$120,000andanexpectedannualcashinflowof$50,000forfouryears.Thecompany'srequiredrateofreturnis10%.WhatistheprofitabilityindexofProjectA?A)1.10B)1.20C)1.30D)1.40八、Acompanyusesastandardcostingsystem.Thestandardcostperunitfordirectlaboris2hoursat$15perhour.DuringJune,thecompanyproduced1,000unitsandincurred2,100hoursofdirectlaboratatotalcostof$33,000.WhatwasthedirectlaborefficiencyvarianceforJune?A)$3,000favorableB)$3,000unfavorableC)$4,500favorableD)$4,500unfavorable九、Acompanyhasthefollowingdata:*Sales:$600,000*Variablecosts:$360,000*Fixedcosts:$200,000Ifthecompany'ssalesincreaseby10%,whatwillbethenewbreak-evenpointinsalesdollars?A)$480,000B)$500,000C)$540,000D)$600,000十、Acompanyisconsideringanewinvestmentthathasanexpectedcashflowof$100,000inoneyear,$150,000intwoyears,and$200,000inthreeyears.Theinitialinvestmentis$300,000.Whatistheinternalrateofreturn(IRR)oftheinvestment?(Assumecashflowsoccurattheendofeachyear.)A)10%B)15%C)20%D)25%十一、Acompanyhasthefollowingdatafortwoproducts:*ProductX:Sellingpriceperunit$50,contributionmarginperunit$30,expectedsales1,000units.*ProductY:Sellingpriceperunit$80,contributionmarginperunit$40,expectedsales2,000units.Whatistheweightedaveragecontributionmarginperunit?A)$35B)$37.50C)$40D)$42.50十二、Acompanyusesaweightedaveragecostingsystem.Thefollowingdatapertainstoaparticularproduct:*Beginninginventory:100unitsat$10each*PurchaseonJune10:200unitsat$12each*SalesonJune20:250unitsWhatistheaveragecostperunitafterthesaleonJune20?A)$10.00B)$10.50C)$11.00D)$11.50十三、Acompanyisevaluatingacapitalbudgetingproject.Theprojecthasaninitialinvestmentof$100,000andisexpectedtogenerateannualcashinflowsof$30,000forfiveyears.Thecompany'srequiredrateofreturnis10%.Whatisthepaybackperiodoftheproject?A)3.33yearsB)3.33yearsC)3.33yearsD)3.33years十四、Acompanyhasthefollowingdata:*Sales:$500,000*Variablecosts:$300,000*Fixedcosts:$200,000Whatisthemarginofsafetyindollars?A)$0B)$100,000C)$200,000D)$300,000十五、Acompanyisconsideringoutsourcingacomponentthatitcurrentlyproducesin-house.Thecompanycurrentlyproduces10,000unitsperyearatacostof$50perunit,consistingof:*Directmaterials:$20perunit*Directlabor:$15perunit*Variablemanufacturingoverhead:$5perunit*Fixedmanufacturingoverhead:$10perunit(allocatedbasedonproductionvolume)Anoutsidesupplierofferstoprovidethecomponentfor$40perunit.Ifthecompanyoutsourcesthecomponent,itcaneliminate50%ofitsfixedmanufacturingoverhead.Whatistheneteffectonthecompany'stotalcostifitoutsourcesthecomponent?A)$0B)$10,000savingsC)$20,000savingsD)$20,000increase试卷答案一、B解析：直接材料价格方差=(实际价格-标准价格)*实际数量=($10,500/4,500-$2)*4,500=($2.33-$2)*4,500=$0.33*4,500=$1,485(不利)，选项B最接近。二、B解析：Activity1分配率=$120,000/1,000=$120persetupActivity2分配率=$90,000/1,500=$60perinspection实际总overhead=(800*$120)+(1,200*$60)=$96,000+$72,000=$168,000但选项中没有$168,000，可能题目数据或选项有误，但按计算过程，最接近的是B。三、A解析：NPV=-InitialInvestment+Σ(CF/(1+r)^t)NPV=-$100,000+$30,000*(PVIFA10%,5)NPV=-$100,000+$30,000*3.7908=-$100,000+$113,724=$13,724选项A最接近。四、C解析：FIFOCOGS=(100units*$10)+(150units*$12)=$1,000+$1,800=$2,800但题目销售250units，只使用了100units@$10和150units@$12，计算与选项不符，题目数据或选项可能有误。若按销售顺序，首先用100@10，再用150@12，共250units，COGS=$2,800。重新审视，题目销售250units，应使用100@10和150@12，共250units，COGS=$2,800。选项C$3,000可能是基于不同的计算假设或数据错误。五、B解析：贡献margin=Sales-Variablecosts=$500,000-$300,000=$200,000贡献marginratio=Contributionmargin/Sales=$200,000/$500,000=0.40or40%六、D解析：Break-evensales=Fixedcosts/Contributionmarginratio$400,000=Fixedcosts/0.30Fixedcosts=$400,000*0.30=$120,000七、B解析：Profitabilityindex(PI)=(PVoffuturecashinflows)/InitialinvestmentPVoffuturecashinflows=$40,000*(PVIFA10%,4)=$40,000*3.1699=$126,796PI=$126,796/$100,000=1.268选项B最接近。八、A解析：标准directlaborhours=1,000units*2hours/unit=2,000hours实际directlaborhours=2,100hoursDirectlaborefficiencyvariance=(Actualhours-Standardhours)*StandardrateVariance=(2,100-2,000)*$15=100*$15=$1,500unfavorable但选项中为favorable，且金额不同，题目数据或选项可能有误。按计算，应为$1,500unfavorable。九、A解析：Currentbreak-evensales=Fixedcosts/Contributionmarginratio$500,000=$200,000/ContributionmarginratioContributionmarginratio=$200,000/$500,000=0.40Newsales=$600,000*(1+0.10)=$660,000Newbreak-evensales=$200,000/0.40=$500,000Increaseinsales=$660,000-$600,000=$60,000Newbreak-evensales=$500,000*(1-$60,000/$660,000)=$500,000*(1-1/11)=$500,000*10/11=$454,545或Newbreak-evensales=Fixedcosts/(Newcontributionmarginratio)Newcontributionmargin=$660,000-($360,000+($200,000*(1-0.50)))=$660,000-($360,000+$100,000)=$200,000Newcontributionmarginratio=$200,000/$660,000=0.3030Newbreak-evensales=$200,000/0.3030=$657,480选项A$480,000与计算结果均不符，题目数据或选项有误。十、B解析：设IRR为r。$300,000=$100,000/(1+r)+$150,000/(1+r)^2+$200,000/(1+r)^3尝试r=15%(0.15)$300,000=$100,000/1.15+$150,000/1.3225+$200,000/1.5209$300,000≈$86,964.59+$113,421.75+$131,972.78=$332,359.12(高于$300,000)尝试r=20%(0.20)$300,000=$100,000/1.20+$150,000/1.44+$200,000/1.728$300,000≈$83,333.33+$104,166.67+$115,740.74=$303,240.74(接近$300,000)尝试r=18%(0.18)$300,000=$100,000/1.18+$150,000/1.3924+$200,000/1.6425$300,000≈$84,745.76+$107,586.50+$121,739.13=$313,071.39(高于$300,000)IRR在18%和20%之间。选项B最接近。十一、A解析：Totalcontributionmargin=(1,000units*$30)+(2,000units*$40)=$30,000+$80,000=$110,000Totalunits=1,000+2,000=3,000unitsWeightedaveragecontributionmarginperunit=$110,000/3,000units=$36.67选项A最接近。十二、B解析：Totalunitsavailableafterpurchase=100+200=300unitsTotalcost=(100*$10)+(200*$12)=$1,000+$2,400=$3,400Averagecostperunit=$3,400/300units=$11.33SalesonJune20:250unitsUnitsremaining=300-250=50unitsAveragecostperremainingunit=$3,400/50units=$68/unit(Incorrectcalculation)Correctaveragecostaftersale:Totalunitsremaining=300-250=50unitsAveragecost=$3,400/50units=$68(Incorrectunits)Re-calculate:Totalunitsaftersale=300-250=50unitsAveragecost=$3,400/50units=$68(Incorrectlogic)Correctcalculation:Afterselling250units(using100@10and150@12),remainingunitsare100units@$12Averagecostperremainingunit=$1,200/100units=$12选项B最接近$10.50,possiblyduetoroundingordifferentinterpretation.Standardweightedaverageaftersale:(Remainingcost/Remainingunits)=($3,400-$2,800)/(300-250)=$600/50=$12.Correctanswershouldbe$12.IfBis$10.50,it'slikelybasedonroundedaveragebeforesaleordifferentmethod.Assumingstandardweightedaverageaftersale,answeris$12.Ifforcedtochooseamonggiven,Bisclosesttoaplausibleaverageifroundingwasappliedearly($3,400/300=$11.33roundeddown?).十三、A解析：Paybackperiod=Initialinvestment/AnnualcashinflowPaybackperiod=$100,000/$30,000=3.33years十四、B解析：Marginofsafety=Actualsales-Break-evensalesActualsales=$500,000Break-evensales=$200,000(fromQ6)Marginofsafety=$500,000-$200,000=$300,000十五、B解析：Currenttotalcost=10,000units*($20+$15+$5+$10)