2026届高三英语二轮复习课件：专题一　阅读理解　第二讲　推理判断题

题型篇阅读之解题技巧提升第一板块核心素养之阅读篇第二讲推理判断题专题一阅读理解推理判断题是高考阅读理解的“皇冠上的明珠”,是区分高分段考生的关键。它不再满足于让考生找到“作者说了什么”,而是要考生读懂“作者没说但暗示了什么”。它考查的是考生基于文本线索,进行逻辑分析、归纳总结、洞察作者意图的深层阅读能力。掌握推理判断,意味着考生从信息的接收者,跃升为意义的构建者。考什么——透视推理题的“命题密码”1.常见设问方式(1)直接推理型:以infer、imply、suggest、conclude、show等词提问。如:Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?(2)观点态度型:提问作者、文中人物对某事的态度。如:Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards...?(3)写作目的型:提问作者写某段、某句或整篇文章的写作目的。如:WhydoestheauthormentiontheexperimentinParagraph2?Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?(4)文章类型/文章出处型:推断文章最有可能的出处或文章类型。如:Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?Whatisthetext?2.正确选项特征特征类别具体描述源于原文正确的推理不是凭空想象,其所有逻辑起点都必须基于原文的信息。合理引申在原文信息基础上进行合乎逻辑的、一步之遥的推断,不过度引申。语气委婉选项常使用may、might、could、likely、probably、some等留有余地的词。主题一致推断出的结论通常与文章的中心思想或段落大意保持方向上的一致。3.干扰选项特征特征类别具体描述无中生有选项内容在原文中找不到任何依据,是命题人凭空捏造的。偷换概念将原文的概念(主语、宾语、范围、程度等)进行悄悄替换,看似相似实则千里之遥。主观臆断选项内容可能是普遍的常识或个人观点,但并非从文章逻辑中得出的结论。推理过度从原文信息出发,但逻辑链条拉得太长,得出了过于绝对或夸张的结论。照搬原文选项几乎是原文细节的直接复述,而推理题的答案通常不会是原文的简单再现。4.热点考向5.解题步骤怎么考——铸造推理题的“五大破题利器”面对不同类型的推理题,告别“凭感觉”的模糊判断,掌握以下五大核心考向,实现从“猜测”到“论证”的质变。考向1

隐含推断题——关键词句推敲法此考向是推理判断题的“灵魂”,要求考生能品味出作者未直说的“弦外之音”。解题关键在于抓住文中带有强烈感情色彩、观点转折或总结性的关键词句,并对其进行深度“推敲”,从而得出合乎逻辑的推论。[典例]

(2025·全国一卷阅读B)Iwalkedintoclassbelievingthatwritingisimportantasameansofcommunication.However,mystudentsdemonstratedsomethingmoreimportanttome.WhenthefinalbellranginJune,Iwalkedawaywithayearbookfullofmessagesaboutwriting’smostpowerfulsignificance—theabilitytoconnectpeople,toputusinanother’sskin,toteachuswhatitmeanstobehuman.27.Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?A.Teachingislearning.B.Stillwatersrundeep.C.Knowledgeispower.D.Practicemakesperfect.自主解答

A[导引]Step1:锁定——锁定“题眼”句。根据题干关键词theauthor’sexperienceshow,可以定位“题眼”句为“However,mystudentsdemonstrated...tobehuman”。Step2:推敲——推敲“弦外之音”。由“题眼”句可知,作者的认知发生了改变,而改变的来源是作者的学生。Step3:匹配——匹配最佳推论。选项“Teachingislearning.(教学相长)”最凝练概括。[图解]考向2

观点态度题——忠于措辞法观点态度题旨在考查考生能否准确把握作者或文中人物对某事物的看法、立场和情感。解题的“金钥匙”就藏在作者的措辞之中。通过捕捉文中的褒贬性词汇(形容词、副词、动词),就能精准解码其态度。[典例]

(2024·全国甲卷阅读C)TheSaintLukastraindoesn’tacceptpassengers—itacceptsonlythesick....Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”27.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful.C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.自主解答

A[导引]Step1:定位——定位观点主体。题干问的是Ducke对theSaintLukas’services的态度。因此,解题关键是找到文中Ducke的原话。Step2:捕捉——捕捉情感措辞。由文中Ducke的原话可以捕捉到体现Ducke态度的关键信息:veryimpressed,focused,veryconcerned,bestchance。Step3:定性——判定态度基调。这些关键信息词汇无一例外都带有强烈的正面、积极的情感色彩。[图解]考向3

写作手法题——行文标志词法写作手法题旨在考查考生对文章组织方式和论证方法的理解。解题的关键在于识别出那些如同“路标”一样的行文标志词,它们能清晰地指示出段落的功能和段落之间的关系(如举例、对比、总结、因果等)。[典例]

(2021·八省联考卷阅读C)Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour...Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingit...30.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Providingexamples.B.Makingasummary.C.Drawingcomparisons.D.Explainingaconcept.自主解答

A[导引]Step1:明确分析范围题干要求我们分析最后一段。Step2:寻找标志词在第一个目标段落的第四行的标志词:Forexample。在第二个目标段落的开头具有并列和举例功能的短语:Anotherfavouritetrick。Step3:判定写作手法Forexample直接表明了该段落的功能是举例。Anotherfavouritetrick同样是在列举另一个例子。综合判断:最后两段是用具体例子来说明问题。[图解]考向4

写作目的题——立足行文推意图法写作目的题旨在考查考生对文章深层目的的理解。解题时不能孤立地看待某个细节,而应将其放回原文的“上下文逻辑链”中,分析其是作为论点、论据还是背景而存在,从而推断作者的真实意图。[典例]

(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B)Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber’spoint.B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians.D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.自主解答

A[导引]Step1:定位原文关键信息。根据题干中关键词“theAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation”;定位原文信息为“Since1982,membership...toover700.”。Step2:追溯上下文逻辑。前句:Farberiscertain...withtime...hemayberight(观点句);后句:“Sometimesitsurprisesme...That’smyjob.”(细节句)。这是一个典型的“观点+论据”结构。Step3:推断写作意图。作者引用“协会会员人数激增”这一事实数据,其目的就是为了提供一个客观的证据,来证明法伯的观点。[图解]考向5

文章出处/类型题——依据“文章内容”判断判断文章出处/类型题应从文章的体裁和内容着手。一般来说,报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等;广告类文章因其格式特殊,容易辨认;产品说明类文章,如家电、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式;药品的服用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、药量等;来自网络的文章一般比较新颖,时效性强。[典例1]

(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A)Grading

Policies

for

Introduction

to

LiteratureGrading

Scale90—100,A;80—89,B;70—79,C;60—69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.Group

Assignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook.

B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.自主解答

C[典例2]

(2022·全国乙卷阅读B)InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting...27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview.C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.自主解答

B[导引][典例1]Step1:扫描文体特征内容:讲的是一门课程(IntroductiontoLiterature)的评分政策、论文和小组作业要求。格式:有清晰的大标题、小标题(GradingScale,Essays,GroupAssignments)和百分比分配。语言:使用祈使句和将来时,面向学生,具有指导性和规定性。Step2:分析特征指向以上特征都明确指向一份在学期初发给学生的课程计划或教学大纲。Step3:匹配最佳选项选项C“Acourseplan.”完美概括了所有特征。[典例2]Step1:扫描文体特征内容:介绍了Wickenden’sbook的情节梗概,并对其写作风格进行评价。格式:普通的段落式叙述。语言:包含了大量主观评价性词汇,如verygoodstoryteller、beautifulwriting。Step2:分析特征指向指向:“介绍情节+发表评论”是书评的典型特征。Step3:匹配最佳选项选项B“Abookreview.”是对该文体最准确的定义。[图解]1.(2025·全国一卷阅读C)Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.运用所学方法解答下列题目WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars.B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport.D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.本题为

。

Step1:锁定——锁定“题眼”句文段开头第一句使用了强烈的转折连词

。

隐含推断题AlthoughStep2:推敲——推敲“弦外之音”由让步状语从句“Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread”可以推断,这些运动的目的必然是反对“以汽车为中心”的城市发展。主句“therealityisthat...”揭示了与运动愿望完全相反的结果:城市还是为汽车而建,汽车数量还在猛增。将两部分信息整合,我们得到的“弦外之音”是:“虽然付出了努力(搞运动),但最终的结果却走向了反面。”这直接指向了努力的失败。Step3:匹配——匹配最佳推论选项

完美匹配。“

”正是对“努力的失败”最精准的概括。

Bineffective2.(2023·全国甲卷阅读C)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.The

Socrates

Expressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner’sbook?A.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.本题为

。

Step1:定位——定位观点主体题干问的是theauthor对Weiner’sbook的看法。因此,我们需要在文中寻找作者对这本书的直接评价。观点态度题Step2:捕捉——捕捉情感措辞捕捉表达观点态度的措辞:appealing;plentyofhumor;fun;sharp;apparentsimplicity;Iencourageyou...;It’sworthyourtime等。Step3:定性——判定态度基调综合所有捕捉到的情感措辞,判断其整体的情感基调,并与选项进行匹配。plentyofhumor直接对应了选项中的

。apparentsimplicity和clear与

的含义高度契合。故选

项。HumorousstraightforwardD3.(2025·洛阳高三一模阅读B)NanakoHamawasholdingalightenvelope.Whenshetoreitopenwithcare,locksofhairemerged.ManystrangerssendHamalocksoftheirhair,hopingtorecycleit.Peoplegenerateahugeamountofhairwaste.Nearlyallofthatwasteendsupinlandfill,whereitcanreleaseharmfulgreenhousegasesthatcontributetoclimatechange.Buthairpossessesusefulqualitiesandit’sashametosimplythrowitaway.That’swhypeopleallaroundtheworld,likeHama,havebeencollectinghairandfindinginnovativewaystorecycleit,includingmakingmats(垫子)outofitforremovingoilleaksintheocean.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Bypresentingascene.B.Bydetailingthebackground.C.Bydescribingtheusageofhair.D.Bypraisinganenvironmentalist.本题为

。

Step1:明确分析范围题干问的是“Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?”。这要求我们重点分析文章的

部分,即第一段。

写作手法题开头Step2:寻找标志词/结构标志寻找:第一段没有像Forexample或However这样的明显标志词。但是,我们要注意其句子结构和内容:NanakoHamawasholdingalightenvelope.;Whenshetoreitopenwithcare,locksofhairemerged.这些句子共同构成了一个具体的、动态的画面:一个特定的人物(NanakoHama),在一个特定的情境下(holdingalightenvelope),做着一个特定的动作(toreitopen),看到了一个特定的物品(locksofhair)。Step3:判定写作手法手法判定:这种通过描述人物、动作、环境来开篇的手法就是场景导入法或情景描写法。锁定答案:选项

完美匹配,正是对第一段功能的精准概括。

A4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B)Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.本题为

。

Step1:定位原文关键信息题干关键词是

。在原文中快速定位到这句话:Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

写作目的题FuzhouStep2:追溯上下文逻辑逻辑追溯:前句(观点/总起句):Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.;中间句(例证1):Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage...inSouthBurlington.;细节句(例证2):Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou...逻辑关系:作者先提出了一个总括性的观点(约翰做了很多大项目),然后用also连接,并列举了两个具体的例子(南伯灵顿项目和福州项目)来支撑这个观点。这是一个典型的“

”结构,其中福州项目是第二个论据。

总—分Step3:推断写作意图意图推断:福州项目和南伯灵顿项目一样,都是作为“manybigjobs”的具体例证出现的。这些“bigjobs”本质上都是约翰的“生态设计”理念(John’sidea)在现实世界中的具体实践和运用(application)。因此,作者提及福州的目的,就是为了提供又一个鲜活的案例,向读者展示约翰的理念是如何被成功应用的。锁定答案:选项

完美匹配,福州项目正是其理念的一个具体应用实例。

B5.(2021·全国甲卷阅读A)Take

a

view,theLandscape(风景)PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday’smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.Take

a

viewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcornersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)Skiddaw

in

WinterCumbria,England.Itwasanextremelycoldwinter’seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopofasmallriseandrealisedthatthemistwaslittlemorethanafewfeetdeep,andthoughitwasonlyashortclimb,IfoundmyselfcompletelyaboveitandlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkiddawwiththesunsettinginthewest.Iusedclassicaltechniques,translatedfrommycollegedaysspentinthedarkroomintoPhotoshop,toachievetheblack-and-whiteimage(图像).TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire,England.IwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.WalkingupapaththroughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe,alocalhighpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandimmediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassessetagainstthefreshsnow.ThesmallpineaddedtotheinterestandIplaceditcentrallytot