2026年寒假预习译林版八年级下册英语Unit 1-4 知识点+重点短语+练习题（无答案）

第第页2026年寒假预习译林版八年级下册英语Unit1-4知识点+重点短语+练习题Unit1Pastandpresent1.pastandpresent过去和现在past1).n._____thepast(一般过去时)2).adj.inthepastfewyears(现在完成时)3).prep.walkpast经过present1).n.现在,目前_______present2).n.礼物receiveapresent3).adj.现在的；在场的4).v.颁发presentsb._________sth.=presentsth._________sb.2.change1).v./n.改变,变化changesin/into…Thetownhaschangedalotovertheyears.(v.)=Therehavebeengreatchangesovertheyears.=Greatchangeshavetakenplaceovertheyears.2).n.[U]零钱.Hereisyourchange.这是你的零钱。3.transportatdifferenttimes不同时期的交通工具transportn.[U]交通车辆,运输工具thetypesoftransporttimen.[C]时期____differenttimes在不同的时期n.[C]次数,倍数4.getaroundthecity环游这个城市5.usedto______sth.过去常常做某事be/getusedtodoingsth.______________6.comfortableadj.舒适的________________v.使...舒适convenientadj.方便的convenien____n.方便overthelast40years在过去的四十年中overthepastcentury在上个世纪中overprep.在...期间通常表示的是从现在算起的过去几年，与______________连用8.inabout40years在大约四十年里9.theriseofShenzhen深圳的崛起risen.v.______________过去式___________TheSun___________intheeast.10.thecityofinnovation_____________innovationn.创新_______________v.innovat________adj.11.southn.southernadj.in________________of=inthe____________partofEg.广州在广东省南部。Guangzhouis____________________________________________GuangdongProvince.=Guangzhouis___________________________________________GuangdongProvince.12.atophigh-techcity一个顶尖高科技之城high-tech_______13.inChina’sreformandopeningup__________________14._____theveryheartof在...的最核心very_______最...的，十足的15.bethehome_______在...的所在地16.technology=techn.technologyindustries__________techgiants__________17.leadthemovefrom...to...领导从...到...的改变leadv.__________________n._________________takethelead_________moven.________________amoveto/awayfromsth.18.MadeinChina中国_____造CreatedinChina中国_____造19.awealthof____________wealthn.大量；财富wealth___adj.富有的20.culturalfacilities__________culturaladj.__________n.facilityn.21.manyexcellentculturalandeducationalactivities许多优秀的文化教育活动excellentadj.优秀的，杰出的，极好的excellen___n.educationaladj._________________n._________________v.教育22.win_____awardform______________awardn.奖，奖项23.bearolemodelof_______________sth.(做...)的模范24.amongthepublic在公众之中publicn._____________adj.______________25.improvethequalityoflifeforitscitizens为它的市民改善生活质量improvev._____________=_______________improve___________n.26.acityplannern.设计者；规划者___________v.计划27.____________thelate1970s______上世纪七十年代_________sinceprep.自从...28.____________amazingspeed以惊人的速度_____a_____/_____speed以高/低速29.asymbolofChina’sdevelopment________________thesymbolof...的象征symbol______v.象征developmentn.________thedevelopmentof随着...的发展_________v.发展thecity’spioneeringspirit城市的进取精神pioneer______adj.________n.31.creativityn.创造力_____________v.创造creat______adj.有创造力的32.thekey__________...的关键；诀窍keyn.关键；琴键adj.关键的33.makea/one’slivingby__________以...谋生34.thelivingcondition___居住环境conditionn.(pl.)状态；______________the___________condition__工作环境/条件conditionn.____可数_________ingood/badcondition处于良好的/糟糕的状态35.inrecentyearsrecentadj.________________adv.最近36.feelhopeful感到满怀希望hopev.n.hope_____adj.绝望的38.opinionn.看法;想法_____________opinion在某人看来39.Itiscommonforsb.todo...对于某人来说做...是普遍的commonadj.Grammar现在完成时1.构成:have\has+过去分词(过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)2.四个基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.特殊疑问句Whathashedone?3.用法（定义）:A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。

The

car

has

arrived.

车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）

Someone

has

broken

the

window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）B.

表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并将有可能持续下去，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how

long等。例如：

My

uncle

has

worked

at

this

factory

for

five

years.

我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.

Black

has

lived

in

China

since

2002.

自从2002年Mr.

Black

一直住在中国。

How

long

have

you

been

here?

你来这里多久了？一段时间以来，总共发生的次数。HowmanytimeshaveyoureadtheHarryPotterseries?哈利波特你看了多少遍？4.练习()1.Ican’tfindmynotebookanywhere.I’mafraidI__________it.A.lose B.lost C.havelost D.waslosing()2.Inthepastfewyears,manyschools________thewaysofdoingmorningexercises. A.change B.changes C.willchange D.havechanged()3.Wow!You_________dinner!Let’seatnow. A.cook B.arecooking C.willcook D.havecooked()4.Ourteam______anotherpoint!Iamsurewewillwinthegame. A.willget B.hasgot C.isgetting D.wasgetting()5.Iheardanewsongontheradio.I___highandlowinthemusicstore,butIcan’tfindit. A.search B.havesearched C.amsearching D.willsearch()6.Thismuseum____hereforover80years.It____oneoftheoldestbuildingsinthiscity. A.is;was B.hadbeen;is C.was;hasbeen D.hasbeen;is重点短语1.不同时期的交通运输________________________________________________2.乘坐高铁/飞机______________________________________________________3.舒适又方便_________________________________________________________4.深圳崛起___________________________________________________________5.创新之城___________________________________________________________6.中国南方的一座城市_________________________________________________7.中国改革开放的先锋_________________________________________________8.在城市的最核心_____________________________________________________9.一个技术产业的重要中心_______________________________________________________10.许多技术巨头的所在地________________________________________________________11.从“中国制造”到“中国智造”_____________________________________________________12.非常丰富的文化设施__________________________________________________________13.为市民提高生活质量__________________________________________________________14.几乎所有的公交和出租车都使用绿色能源________________________________________15.以令人惊叹的速度发展_____________________________________________16.成为中国发展的象征_______________________________________________根据提示完成单词或短语。Weshouldn’tforgetthepoorlifeinthe(过去).Doyouknowwhatyoushoulddoat(现在)?I’ve(刚才)heardthegoodnewsaboutourlife.It(曾经)bedifficulttogetdrinkingwaterhere.Iplantodohistoryprojectonthe_(变化)inmyhometownovertheyears.Therearedifferentformsoftransportatdifferent(time).Daniel(change)alot.Heusedtoplaycomputergames,butnowhedoesn’t.根据中文提示完成句子。创新正是这座城市的核心。thecity.电动公交车产生更少的空气污染和噪音。and.这座城市的开拓精神，加上市民的努力和创造力，无疑是深圳成功的关键。Thecity’sofitscitizens,__________________________________________________Shenzhen’ssuccess.首字母填空DearMark,I’msogladthatyouwillcometoNanjingduringtheholiday.Yousaidyouwantedtoknowsomethingaboutt1inNanjing.WellhereissomeadviceonhowtotravelaroundNanjing.ThefastestwaytocometoNanjingisbyp2,ofcourse.Theairportisabouttwentym3busrideawayfromthedowntown.AndyoucangetoffatXinjiekou.TheundergroundinNanjinghasbeeninuses42005.Iwonderhowlongyouwills5inNanjingandwhatplacesyouarei6inMaybeyouwanttotravelaroundthecity.It’sagoodi7tohireataxi.Andthedriverwilltellyoumorea8thecity.AndyousaidyoupannedtogotoShanghaiaswell.Youcangotherebyt9.Thehigh-speedrailwayisverymodern.AndthetripfromNanjingtoShanghaiwilltakelessthantwoh10.Unit2AmazingChina1.accordingtotheseasonandweather根据季节和天气accordingto____________2.Iprefergoingontherides.我更喜欢去玩高速游乐设施。prefer_________sth.preferdoingto___________更喜欢做某事ride____供骑乘的游乐设施arollercoasterride坐一趟_______3.Fastridesscareme.高速游乐设施使我害怕。scarev._________4.explorebeautifulNanjing探索南京explorev._____________explore__n.探索者explor___________n.5.restinlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver在长江下游restv.在于，存放于restin____________reachn.河段，直水道the_________/lowerreachesofNile尼罗河的上/下游richinhistoryandculture丰富的历史和文化rich______大量含有的；富有的；丰富多彩的berichinOranges__________richinvitaminC.橙子_____维生素C.Thisarea_________richinwildlife.这个地区的野生动植物_______。7.apopulartouristattraction一个受欢迎的旅游胜地attractionn.向往的地方；有吸引力的事_____________v.吸引HongshanForestZooinNanjingisa___________attraction.红山森林野生动物园是南京一个主要景点。Theexhibition______________________________________________________visitors.展览已经吸引了成千上万的参观者。8.thebest-protectedandlongestcitywall保护的最好、最长的城墙best-protected________保护最好的9.agoodchoiceforfirst-timevisitors首次来访游客的一个好选择choicen.______________v.havenochoicebuttodo_________________10.historicbuildings历史建筑historicadj.历史上著名/重要的historical____11.bewellworthavisit非常值得一游bewellworth__________sth.非常值得做某事Thecityiswell/reallyworth_______________.这个城市非常值得一游。afamouscentreofknowledgeandlearning一个著名的学问中心learning____学问，知识，学习awomanofgreatlearning____________的女子13.besidesitsmanyuniversities除了许多大学（还有）besidesprep._______________besideprep.____________besidetheuniversity在大学_______universityn.大学_____university一所大学14.thecityisalsoproudoftheConfuciusTemple城市也以夫子庙为骄傲beproudof__________________=take________________15.thehighesteducationalbodyinancientChina古代中国最高的教育机构educationaladj.有教育性的____________________n.教育bodyn.机构；部门；__________构成不定代词somebodyeverybodybodybuildingadj.__________takeaboattripalongthenearbyQinhuaiRiver乘船沿着附近的秦淮河游览takeaboattrip乘船游览nearby_______附近的17.Itisagoodwaytoenjoytheold-timevibesthere.在那儿感受旧时光氛围的一种好方式。itisagoodwaytodosth.________________________vibesn.(pl.)氛围；气氛；情绪ingood/badvibes好/坏情绪18.onthebanksoftheYellowRiversitsafamouscity坐落在黄河边的一座著名城市bankn.________；银行；库adatabank__________TheMuseumofLondonisonthenorthbankoftheThames.伦敦博物馆在泰晤士河北岸。sitv.__________Abusis___________outside.外面停了一辆巴士。19.oneofthebirthplacesofChineseculture中国文化的发源地之一birthplacen.发源地；出生地birthdayn.atbirth_________20.usedtobetheseatofpowerofthirteendynasties曾经是十三个朝代的权力中心usedtodosth._______常常做某事（暗示______不做）theseatofpower__________________theseatofgovernment政府_______dynastyn.朝代theTangDynasty具体朝代首字母___写21.theLongmenGrottoesareamust-see龙门石窟是一个必看的景点must_____必做的事must-see_____must-buy_____22.over2300caves超过2300个石窟caven._________23.ancientstonecarvingart古代石刻艺术carvingn._________carve______24.fromhomeandabroad___________abroad_____(在)国外_____homeandabroad____________________abroad在国外工作________________________________________study去国外深造25.admire____欣赏；钦佩admir________n.Youhaveto________________________________Ceciliahandledthe_______________.你不得不佩服塞莉西娅处理这个局面的手段。26.besuretomakeyourwayto...besuretodo___________makeyourwayto...__________Besureto__________your_____________myregards.务必代我向你的家人问好。27.thecentralpartofShaanxiProvince陕西省中部central_____在中心的，中央的_______________n.centralLondon伦敦______centralbank__________28.abusinesstrip一次商务/公务之旅businessn.商务，公事；商业______business出差29.awonderfulmixofancientvillages,mountainsandwater一个古村、山水很棒的结合mixn.混合，结合v.混合mix____adj.mixup__________30.Theywon’tcomebackuntilnextweekend.直到下周末他们才会回来。not...until...直到..._____直到某一时间，某一行为才发生，之前该行为没发生until/tillconj.直到...______表示某一种行为一直持续到某一时间，然后停止31.sendamessagetosb.给某人发消息messagen.手机/电子邮件______；消息32.keeparichcollectionofartworks保存丰富的艺术品收藏artworkn.艺术品一件艺术品____________________artwork33.classicalgardens古典花园classical________古典的classic_________最优秀的；典型的n.__________________music古典音乐____________and_________dance古典与现代舞蹈34.theChinesepeople’sstruggleduringthedifficultperiod中国人民在艰难时期的奋斗strugglen.奋斗，努力v.奋斗__________；斗争_____________apowerstruggle_______的争斗periodn.时期atwo-yearperiod=a___________oftwo___________两年时期重点短语1.中国的旅游景点_______________________________________________________________2.根据季节和天气改变___________________________________________________________3.看起来像一幅水彩画___________________________________________________________4.比起...更喜欢做某事____________________________________________________________5.中国古都之一_________________________________________________________________6.位于长江下游_________________________________________________________________7.丰富的历史和文化_____________________________________________________________8.一个受欢迎的旅行目的地_______________________________________________________9.城墙有超过600年的历史_______________________________________________________10.世界上保存最好、最长的城墙__________________________________________________11.初次到访的游客的一个很好选择________________________________________________12.非常值得游览________________________________________________________________13.古代中国最高等级学府________________________________________________________14.在夜晚乘船沿着附近的秦淮河游览______________________________________________15.中国文化的诞生地之一________________________________________________________16.十三个朝代的政权所在地______________________________________________________17.最精美的古代石刻艺术样本之一________________________________________________18.自然爱好者的完美选择________________________________________________________19.数以千计的国内外游客________________________________________________________20.梦幻般的云海，令人赞叹的瀑布________________________________________________一、选择。1.—HehasneverbeentoHangzhoubefore,____________he?—_____________.It’sthethirdtimehehasbeenthere.A.hasn’t;Yes,hehas B.hasn’t;No,hehasn’t C.has;Yes,hehas D.has;No,hehasn’t2.Everyoneishere_________TomandLily.They_________Shanghai.A.exceptfor;havebeento B.besides;havegoneto C.beside;havebeento D.except;havegoneto3.______Tomwithhissister_________theLeaningTowerofPisa?Yes,onlyonce.A.Have;beeninB.Has;beentoC.Has;goneto D.Have;beento4.Themoderncityisquitedifferentfromwhatit_______someways.A.wasusedtobein B.usedtobyC.usedtobeinD.wasusedtobeingin二、词汇。1.We’reveryhappytoseethebeautiful______________________(旅游景点)ofBeijing．2.Mycatsat(comfortable)onthesofa.3.Dianchaisanoldtraditionalactivity,whichstartedfromtheSong(dynasty).4.TheGreaterBayArealiesinthe(南方的)partofChina.5.WhenIpassedtheQinhuaiRiver,Isawsomevisitors_______________________________(乘船游览)alongtheriver.三、句子。1.环绕着树的湖看起来像一幅水彩画!Thelake____________________________________________________awatercolourpainting!2.南京有着丰富的历史和文化，长久以来一直是人们喜爱的旅游胜地。______________historyandculture,Nanjing_________________________________________.3.洛阳市中国文化的发源地之一，曾是十三个朝代的政权所在地。Luoyang____________________________________________________ofChinesecultureand_______________________________________________________thirteendynasties.4.每年春天，成千上万国内外游客前来赏花。Everyspring,___________________________________________________________________cometoadmirethem.Unit3Theworldatoneclick1.atoneclick点击一下clickn.点击2.____amazingcityclosetothewestcoastofEngland一座靠近英格兰西海岸令人惊叹的城市closeto_________coastn.海岸，海滨atrip_____thecoast海滨旅游3.avisittothislivelycityisamust游览这座活力之城是必做的事lively___________________must____必做的事必看_________4.enjoylivemusic享受现场音乐live______现场演出的adv.__________5.secondtonone无人能及Asanactress,CeciliaYipis_____________________________.Cecilia的演技无人能及。Asa______________,AngieChiuissecondtonone.Angie的舞技__________任何人。6.whetheryouareafootballfanornot无论你是否是一名足球迷whetherornot______________________7.getarealtasteofthecity’sfootballculture真正体会到这座城市的足球文化taste_____感受；体验；尝试Thisismyfirst___________of______________________.这是我初次在现场看戏。8.takeinasliceofLiverpool’sculture体会一部分利物浦文化takein_________________slicen.部分；片，块asliceoftoast9.thereisnodoubt..._____________doubtn.v.怀疑nodoubt_______________________________________atallthatwedidtherightthing.毫无疑问我们做得对。10.abitofeverything__________a(little)bitof一点儿11.Itisfuncountingdowntomidnight...半夜倒计时是有趣的Itisfun____________sth.做某事是有趣的countv.countdown________It’s__________________fun___________toaparty____________________________.独自一个人去参加聚会没什么意思。12.theChangingoftheGuard卫兵换岗guardn.卫兵，看守；保卫ChinaCoastGuard____________13.befullofexcitementexcitementn.激动；兴奋excit___adj.excit______adj.14.inperson___________=_________________15.signupforaswimmingtraining报名游泳训练signup________signv.签名；签约training_____训练，培训16.fitintothetrip适合这次旅行fit_____使适合（某情况）；（________、_______）合适fitsb./sth.in/intosth.找到时机(见某人做某事)Ihadto________tenappointments__________onemorning.我得一上午安排十个约见。17.prefertopayonlineinsteadofincash更喜欢在线支付而不是用现金prefertodopreferdoingto____________更喜欢做某事insteadof(_________)代替，___________payonline__________incash___________payincash=acashpayment____ongoingproject一个正在进行的项目ongoing______仍在进行的，不断发展的19.animportantproofofthecommunication一个交流的重要证明proofn.证明theproofof...的证明________________v.证明communicationn.交流communicationtechnology_______________________________v.交流20.Iseeyourpoint,althoughIstillpreferrealtravel.我明白你的意思，尽管我依然更喜欢真正的旅行。seeone’spoint__________Letmesee._______________althoughconj.________________不和_______连用_______________thesunisshining,it____________warm.尽管阳光灿烂，却不很暖和。21.completeyouronlinetrip完成你的在线游览completev.完成=____________completeadj.完成的=________________adj.完全的，彻底的，全部的acompletechange______________I___________________________thecomplete___________.我已经收集了全套。Ionlyneedonemorecardto______________the_______.我只差一张就集齐全套了。22.Nocrowdsandcompletelyfree.没有拥挤完全自由。completely______完全地I________________________________________hername.我已完全忘了她的名字。23.Itouredallfourfloors...我总共...游览了四层tourv.n.旅游；巡回演出tour_____n.游客tour_____n.旅游aguidedtour导览atourguide_________aworldtourbeon________________________tourofsp.进行一个某地八天的旅行24.zoominontheartworktoseeeverydetail放大艺术品以便看清楚每一个细节zoomin/out________________zoomv.快速移动Traffic________________________us.车辆从我们身边疾驰而过。重点短语1.在线导游告诉你关于它们的一切_________________________________________________2.一个了解地方的有趣的方式_____________________________________________________3.在线参观一个地方更加方便_____________________________________________________4.仅仅点一下（鼠标）___________________________________________________________5.作为著名流行乐队的诞生地_____________________________________________________6.绝无仅有_____________________________________________________________________7.无论你是否是一个足球迷_______________________________________________________8.真正品味到城市足球文化_______________________________________________________9.博物馆和文化建筑的数量_______________________________________________________10.在英国仅次于伦敦____________________________________________________________11.花一些时间游览______________________________________________________________12.毫无疑问____________________________________________________________________13.最吸引游客的景点之一________________________________________________________14.在新年前夜__________________________________________________________________15.看巨大的水晶球从天而降______________________________________________________16.自从1907年以来的一个传统___________________________________________________17.对人们来说一个放松的好地方__________________________________________________18.更喜欢在线支付而不是用现金__________________________________________________19.丝绸之路沿线不同文化交流的一个重要证据______________________________________20.包括一些高质量的3D影像____________________________________________________阅读理解Theworldweliveinisbecominga“village”.Everyday,thousandsofpeopletraveltodifferentcountries.Theyaresightseeing,studying,workingorvolunteering.Maybeinthenearfuture,youwillalsobeoneofthesepeople.Livinginaforeigncountryisanexcitingandalsolife-changingexperience(经历).Youcanenjoybeautifulsights,tastemanyKindsoffoodsandmeetdifferentpeople.Mostimportantlyofall,youcantrylivinganewlifestyleandmaybeevenapartofthelocalculture.Yourstereotypes(刻板印象)arebrokendown.YoumightbesurprisedtofindFrenchpeoplearenotalways"romantic(浪漫的).Americansdon’teatMcDonald'sallthetime.However,youmayalsoexperiencecultureshock(文化冲击)andyoumayfeeluncomfortableandsad.Noteverybodythinkslikeyouordoesthingsthewayyoualwaysdo.Theirteatastesdifferent.Theydon'ttalkexcitedlyinrestaurants.Itisnotbetterorworse.Itisjusttheculturaldifferences.Whatyoucandoischangeyourmind,takeinthedifferencesandrespectthem.Infact,thatismaybethemostinterestingpartoflivingabroad.Ifyoudon'ttrytochangeyourwayofthinking,there'snopointinleavinghomeatall.It'sbettertobeopentonewexperiences.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Alotofpeopletraveltoanothercountryfordifferentreasonstoday.B.Youmayhavequitedifferentexperiencesinaforeigncountry.C.Theworldweliveinisbecomingsmallerandsmallerinsize.D.Goingabroaddoesn'talwaysmakeyoufeelhappyandexcited.2.Whatdoes"that"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Leavinghomeandgoingabroadforfurtherstudy.B.Experiencinghowpeopledothingsindifferentways.C.Enjoyingbeautifulsightsandtastingdifferentkindsoffood.D.Makingfriendswithpeoplefromdifferentcountries.3.Whydoesthewriterwritethisarticle?A.Toshowhowpeopleindifferentcountriesdothingsdifferently.B.Totelldifferencebetweencountriesaroundtheworld.C.Toadviseustohaveanopenmindtoculturaldifferences.D.Toshowhowtoourworldhasbecomeasmallvillage.GrammarPresentPerfectTense语法专题：现在完成时一、知识结构1.用法：1).动作发生在过去，并持续到现在，还有可能持续下去；2).动作发生在过去,并对现在有影响；3).动作到现在为止已经发生过多少次了。2.结构:has/have+过去分词3.句式:肯定句:主语has/havedonesth.否定句:主语has/havenotdonesth.一般疑问句:Has/Have主语donesth?Yes,主语has/have.No,主语hasn’t/haven’t.4.三词组两结构5.与一般现在时的区别二、思维导图三、三词组havegoneto,havebeento,havebeenin区别及应用havegoneto表示去了某地，还没回来，当事人并不在说话现场，通常用于第三人称。havebeento表示去过某地，已经回来了，当事人不在某地，是指一次经历。havebeenin/at后面一般跟地方，表示来到某地到达某地，当事人还在某地。havebeen后面一般加职业，身份，here,there,abroad.如:Ihavebeenateacherfor7years.四、两结构fortwomonths for+时间____ Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyear since+时间____ LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago since+时间段+_______since+________过去时态句子五、转换：在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种：①Hehasboughtthebook.(去掉一段时间for3years)②Heboughtthebook3yearsago.(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.(改为固定句型Itissince)④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.(改为否定句)⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.(用延续性动词have代替buy)举例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach→beheree.g：Ihavecomeherefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beawaye.g.：Hehasleftfor3hours.（错）改为：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beone.g.：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（错）改为：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopenclose→beclosede.g.：Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改为：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedeade.g.：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)改为：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beovere.g.：Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)改为：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days.⑦join例：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(错)改为：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→havee.g.：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.（错）改为：Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keepe.g：Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.归纳如下：leave

be

away

borrow

keep

buy

have

die

be

dead

begin/start

be

on

finish

be

over

fall

ill

be

ill

get

upbe

up

catch

a

cold

have

a

cold

puton

wear

come/become/go

be

here/there

fall

asleep

be

asleep

to/

arrive/reach

be

(in)

get

to

know

know

joinbe

a

member

of

...

(成为…的一员)

open

be

open

close

be

closebreakbebrokengetupbeupmarrybemarriedbecomebelosebelost六、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在【】联系；