辽宁省朝阳市建平县某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1辽宁省朝阳市建平县某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试卷第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANewYorkers,getready!TheWorldCup2026iscoming,andifyouwanttosecuretickets,youneedtoactfast.Thisisn’tjustanothersportsevent;it’saonceinalifetimeopportunityhappeningrightinyourbackyard.Howtogetyour2026WorldCupticketsbeforeanyoneelseTheusualticketrushhasn’tstartedyet,butthere’salreadyaspecialwaytoensureyourspotattheworld’sbiggestcompetition.FIFAhasopenedafirstchanceaccesssystem,allowingfanstosecuretheirticketsthroughVIPpackages.Thismeansnowaitinginlongqueuesandnolast-minuteticketstress.Theonlywaytolockinyourseatsnowisthroughthisearlyaccessprogram.Buthere’sthecatch:spotsarefillingupfast.WhyyouneedtomovefastNewYorkandNewJerseywillhostmanyimportantWorldCupgames,includingthefinale.Thatmeansdemandforticketsintheareawillbehigherthanever.Ifyouwaituntilthegeneralsale,youmightfindyourselfoutofluck.Withareturnabledeposit(押金),youcansecurepriorityaccessandbeamongthefirsttochooseyourseatswhenticketsalesofficiallybegin.Thisisn’tjustaticket;it’sanexperience:VIPareasandbestseating,andthebestviewsoftheaction.HowtosignupforfirstchanceaccessIfyouwanttobepartoftheWorldCup2026,here’swhatyouneedtodo;·GotoFIFA’sofficialVIPproviderandregister.·Placeadeposittoreserveyourfirstchancespot.·Waitforthespecialaccessticketwindowtoopen,givingyouthefirstpickbeforegeneralsales.Thisistheonlywaytoensureyourplaceinhistory.Don’twaituntilit’stoolate,secureyouraccessnowandbepartofthebiggestsportseventeverhostedinNorthAmerica.1.HowcanpeoplegetWorldCupticketswithoutwaitinginlonglines?A.Throughaspecialearlybookingprogram. B.Bybuyingticketslaterduringgeneralsales.C.BycontactingFIFAdirectly. D.Throughlocalticketoffices.2.WhatkindofgameswillNewYorkandNewJerseyhost?A.Onlygroupstagematches. B.Onlytheopeninggame.C.Manyimportantgamesincludingthefinale. D.Practicegamesbeforetheevent.3.Whatdoyougetwithearlybookingbesidesaticket?A.Freetraveltothestadium. B.VIPareasandbestseats.C.Achancetoplaywithplayers. D.Freefoodanddrinks.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。本文告知纽约民众2026世界杯可通过FIFA优先购票通道提前锁定门票，该地将办含决赛的重要赛事，早订还能享VIP观赛权益。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“FIFAhasopenedafirstchanceaccesssystem,allowingfanstosecuretheirticketsthroughVIPpackages.(国际足联已开启了一项优先购票通道，让球迷们可以通过VIP服务包来获取门票)”可知，人们通过一项特殊的提前预订计划就能不用排长队来买到世界杯门票。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“NewYorkandNewJerseywillhostmanyimportantWorldCupgames,includingthefinale.(纽约和新泽西将承办众多重要的世界杯比赛，其中包括决赛)”可知，纽约和新泽西将举办包括决赛在内的许多重要比赛。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Thisisn’tjustaticket;it’sanexperience:VIPareasandbestseating,andthebestviewsoftheaction.(这不仅仅是一张票；它更是一次独特的体验：专属的贵宾区域、最佳的座位安排，以及最能观赏到精彩赛事的绝佳视角)”可知，提前订票除了能拿到票之外，还能得到专属区域和最佳座位。故选B。BThesunwassettingonthevastPacificOceanwhenCaptainEduardoRodriguezfirstspottedthesmallfishingboat.Afterfloating(漂浮)for55daysonthewater,thefivefishermenlookedweathered,thin,butunbelievablyalive.Vladimir,José,JoséGabriel,Jhonny,andJorgehadbecomemorethanjustfellowsurvivorsduringtheirterriblejourney.Theywerenowbrothers,unitedbyanexperiencethatwouldforeverconnectthem.“Ineverthoughtwe’dmakeit,”VladimirsaidastheEcuadorianrescueboatpulledalongsidethem.Hisfellowfishermennodded,eachlostinmemoriesoftheirimpossiblesurvival.TheiradventurehadbegunasafishingtripfromPeru.Twodayslater,theirboat’senginefailed,leavingthempowerlessanddirectionless.Fortunately,theysurvivedbycollectingrainwater,fishingwithtemporarylinesandsharingeverythingtheycaught.Whentherewaslittlefood,theytalkedabouttheirfamilies,theirdreams,andtheirlivesbackhome.JhonnyfromColombiawouldtelljokesthatmadeeveryonelaugh.JoséwouldsingoldPeruvianfolksongsthatkepttheirspiritshigh.“Webecameafamilyoutthere,”Jorgelatertoldreporters.“Notjustfishermenfromdifferentcountries,buttruebrothers.”Theirrescuewasmorethanjustamiracle(奇迹).Itshowedhumanconnectionthatwentbeyondnationalborders.AstheyarrivedattheGalapagosIslands,localpeoplegavethemfoodandwarmblankets.Childrenwavedflags,internationalmediagathered,andforamoment,thesefiveordinaryfishermenbecameextraordinarysymbolsofhope.“Wedidn’tjustsurvive,”Vladimirsaidwithasmile.“Weprovedthatwhenhumansworktogether,nothingisimpossible.”Thefivefishermen,oncestrangersfromdifferentcountries,werenowunitedbyanexperiencethatwoulddefinetheirlivesforever.Andastheyhuggedtheirfamiliesandfeltsolidgroundundertheirfeet,theyknewtheirrealjourneywasjustbeginning.4.HowdidthefishermenpossiblyfeeluponseeingtheEcuadorianboat?A.Hopeful. B.Embarrassed. C.Uneasy. D.Bored.5.Howdidthefishermenkeeptheirspiritshigh?A.Byplanningwaystoreturnhome.B.Bycompetinginfishingcontests.C.Byarguingaboutsurvivalstrategies.D.Bysharingsomethingpersonalorinteresting.6.WhathappenedtothefishermenwhentheyreachedtheGalapagosIslands?A.Theywereinvitedtostudios. B.Theywererushedtoahospital.C.Theyweregreetedwarmly. D.Theyweresenthomequickly.7.Whatdidthefishermen’sstoryshow?A.Theappealofoceanfishing. B.Thepowerofhumancooperation.C.Theneedforbetterfirstaidsystems. D.Theimportanceofadvancedtechnology.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述五名来自不同国家的渔民船只引擎故障后在太平洋漂流55天，靠互助求生，最终被救援的故事，体现了人类合作的力量。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Afterfloating(漂浮)for55daysonthewater,thefivefishermenlookedweathered,thin,butunbelievablyalive.(在海上漂浮了55天后，这五名渔民看起来饱经风霜、身形消瘦，但却奇迹般地活了下来。)”以及第二段中的““Ineverthoughtwe’dmakeit,”VladimirsaidastheEcuadorianrescueboatpulledalongsidethem.(“我从没想过我们能活下来，”当厄瓜多尔救援船靠近他们时，弗拉基米尔说道。)”可知，渔民们在海上漂流多日，见到救援船时应是充满希望的。故选A项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whentherewaslittlefood,theytalkedabouttheirfamilies,theirdreams,andtheirlivesbackhome.JhonnyfromColombiawouldtelljokesthatmadeeveryonelaugh.JoséwouldsingoldPeruvianfolksongsthatkepttheirspiritshigh.(食物匮乏时，他们会谈论自己的家人、梦想和家乡的生活。来自哥伦比亚的约翰尼会讲笑话逗大家笑。何塞会唱古老的秘鲁民歌，让大家精神振奋。)”可知，五位渔民通过分享个人生活、梦想、讲笑话和唱歌这些私人的或有趣的事情来让彼此保持高昂的情绪。故选D项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第六段中的“AstheyarrivedattheGalapagosIslands,localpeoplegavethemfoodandwarmblankets.Childrenwavedflags,internationalmediagathered,andforamoment,thesefiveordinaryfishermenbecameextraordinarysymbolsofhope.(当他们抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，当地人向他们送上了食物和温暖的毯子。孩子们挥舞着旗帜，国际媒体纷纷聚集，在那一刻，这五位平凡的渔民成为了象征希望的非凡存在。)”可知，渔民们到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时受到了热烈的欢迎。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的““Wedidn’tjustsurvive,”Vladimirsaidwithasmile.“Weprovedthatwhenhumansworktogether,nothingisimpossible.”(“我们不仅仅是活了下来，”弗拉基米尔笑着说，“我们证明了人类团结协作时，没有什么是不可能的。”)”及文中提及的渔民们在困境中互相支持（分享食物、讲故事、唱歌）和最终被另一个国家的海军成功营救都体现了人与人之间合作的力量。故选B项。CGivinghasmanybenefits,butitisn’talwayseasy.Forexample,ifyousufferfromdepression(抑郁),youmayfindithardtogetupinthemorning,letalonehelpothers.ButnewresearchbyShenzhenandPekingUniversitiesfindstheremaybeacleverwaytogive.Inthestudy,researchersarrangedhundredsofyoung,depressedadultstoeithermakedailymicro-donationsfortwomonthsortobeonawaitinglist.Toldthatgivingsmalldonationshelpsimprovesociety,participantswereinvitedtodonateatleastonecentperdayforthenexttwomonthstoanycharity.Beforeandeveryweekduringthosetwomonths,allparticipantsfilledoutquestionnairesthatwereabouttheirpossibledepression-relatedaspects:depressedfeelings,lackofjoy,physicaldiscomforts,sleepiness,andinterpersonalproblems,aswellashowoftentheyfeltpositiveandnegativefeelings.Afteranalyzingtheresults,theresearchersfoundpeoplewhodonateddaily,evenaslittleasonecentaday,feltsignificantlymorepositivethanpeopleonthewaitinglist.This,inturn,seemedtoexplainwhytheyalsofeltlessdepressedeachweek.Inotherwords,makingdonations,evensmallones,helpsimprovemood(心情).And,thoughsocialconnectionwasn’tnecessaryforderivingbenefit,thestudysuggestsdonatingcouldhelpdepressedpeoplewhomightotherwiserefusetopracticekindnesstowardothers,accordingtoJintingLiu,oneofthestudy’scoauthors.Liusuggeststhiscouldbeduetothefactthatifyoutendtofeeldepressed,focusingonothersforawhilegivesyouabreakfromthinkingaboutyourselfandyourshortcomings.It’salsopossiblethatgivingmakesyoufeelbetteraboutyourselfandthatpreventsthenegativeself-talkcommontodepressives.Interestingly,althoughpeoplewhogavemoregenerouslyfeltabithappierandlessdepressedthanthosewhogaveless,thedifferencewasn’tbigenoughtobesignificant.Thismeansevenpeoplewithlowmeanscanmakeuseofthissimpleactivity.“Justdoingsomethingniceforothersisgreat,”saysLiu.“Theamountofmoneyisn’tthekeypart;it’sreallyaboutthekindnessbehindit.”8.Whatinformationdidtheresearcherscollectaboutallparticipants?A.Theirwillingnesstodonate. B.Theirlevelsofdepressivesigns.C.Thequalityoftheirsociallife. D.Thefrequencyoftheirsleepiness.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deriving”inparagraph3mean?A.Using. B.Reducing. C.Doubting. D.Getting.10.Whymightgivinghelpdepressedindividuals?A.Itreducesself-focustime. B.Itensurescomfortabletalks.C.Itencouragesphysicalactivity. D.Itimprovesinterpersonalrelationships.11.Whatcanbelearnedaccordingtothestudy?A.Givingisdifficulttopractice. B.Moneyamountdeterminesresults.C.Tinykindnessesremainhelpful. D.Generosityisthekeysourceofjoy.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍深圳和北京大学的新研究发现，抑郁症患者进行小额日常捐赠，也能改善情绪、减轻抑郁，且捐赠金额并非关键。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Beforeandeveryweekduringthosetwomonths,allparticipantsfilledoutquestionnairesthatwereabouttheirpossibledepression-relatedaspects:depressedfeelings,lackofjoy,physicaldiscomforts,sleepiness,andinterpersonalproblems,aswellashowoftentheyfeltpositiveandnegativefeelings.(在这两个月之前和期间的每周，所有参与者都填写了问卷，内容涉及他们可能的抑郁相关方面：抑郁情绪、缺乏快乐、身体不适、嗜睡、人际关系问题，以及他们感受到积极和消极情绪的频率。)”可知，研究人员收集了所有参与者的抑郁症状水平相关信息。故选B项。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“And,thoughsocialconnectionwasn’tnecessaryforderivingbenefit,thestudysuggestsdonatingcouldhelpdepressedpeoplewhomightotherwiserefusetopracticekindnesstowardothers,accordingtoJintingLiu,oneofthestudy’scoauthors.(该研究的合著者之一刘金婷表示，尽管社会联系对于deriving益处并非必要，但研究表明，捐赠可以帮助那些原本可能拒绝向他人行善的抑郁症患者。)”可知，捐赠行为帮助抑郁人群，与上文的“社交联系对deriving益处并非必要”为转折关系，由此可知，划线词“deriving”指“从捐赠行为中获取心理益处”符合逻辑。故选D项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Liusuggeststhiscouldbeduetothefactthatifyoutendtofeeldepressed,focusingonothersforawhilegivesyouabreakfromthinkingaboutyourselfandyourshortcomings.(刘金婷认为，这可能是因为如果你容易感到抑郁，将注意力集中在他人身上一段时间，可以让你从思考自己和自己的缺点中解脱出来。)”可知，捐赠能帮助抑郁症患者是因为它减少了自我关注的时间。故选A项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Afteranalyzingtheresults,theresearchersfoundpeoplewhodonateddaily,evenaslittleasonecentaday,feltsignificantlymorepositivethanpeopleonthewaitinglist.(分析结果后，研究人员发现，每天捐赠的人，即使每天只捐1美分，也比等待名单上的人感觉明显更积极。)”以及尾段中的“Interestingly,althoughpeoplewhogavemoregenerouslyfeltabithappierandlessdepressedthanthosewhogaveless,thedifferencewasn’tbigenoughtobesignificant.Thismeansevenpeoplewithlowmeanscanmakeuseofthissimpleactivity.(有趣的是，尽管慷慨捐赠的人比捐赠较少的人感觉更快乐一点、抑郁更少一点，但这种差异还不够显著。这意味着即使是经济条件有限的人也可以利用这种简单的活动。)”可推断，这篇研究表示，即使是微小的善举也有帮助。故选C项。DHowdoyoubeatthesummerheat?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youturntheairconditioningonwhenit’sthehottesttimeoftheday.Butwhatifyoucouldusenonpeak(非高峰的)electricalhoursandstorethecoldtousethenextday?ThisideahasbecomearealityforaNewYorkCityhigh-risethat’sbeingcooledbyice.ElevenMadison,askyscraperintheheartofManhattan,isusingcool,frozeniceovernighttocoolthebuilding,reportedCBSNews.Fourstoriesbelowground,anicebatterysystemfreezeswaterduringthenight,whenelectricaluseislow,andusesthisicetocoolthebuildingduringtheday.“There’sabout500,000poundsoficecreatedeverynight,”saidHollyPaeper,presidentofTraneTechnologies,acompanythatdidtheinstallation(装置).Airconditioningusesnearly20%ofenergyuseinhomesandbusinessesglobally.However,onextremelyhotdays,thatnumbercanjumpto70%.InstallationsliketheoneinElevenMadisonhelptolowerthat.AccordingtoPaeper,thecompanyhasinstalledthetechnologyinabout4,000sitesworldwide.ThesysteminthebasementofElevenMadisonuses100tanksthatareeachthesizeofaparkingspot.Becausethere’salotofenergyconsumedinfreezingwater,amoreeffectivewayhadtobefound.“Wetakewater,andaddsomeotherelementsinit,”explainedDr.PatrickShamberger,anassociateprofessoratTexasA&M.“Sowecantakecontrolofthattemperaturebasicallyanywherewewantit,inthezeroto20℃range.”Whileicebatteriesaren’tbeingusedtocoolfoodortopowerelectricaldevices,they’rebeingusedtocoolbuildings.Fornow,combiningicebatterieswithothertypesofenergystoragefromrenewablescanhelpthepowergrid(电网)tokeepupinhotweatheraswellaslowerthecostofelectricity.It’sawin-winforall.12.Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressinparagraph3?A.Thenecessityoficebatteries. B.Thepopularityofthetechnology.C.Thefeaturesofthehigh-rise. D.Thesignificanceofairconditioning.13.Whyweresomeelementsaddedinthewater?A.Tomakethewatercleaner. B.Tousetheenergyfully.C.Tocontrolthetemperature. D.Toaddspaceoccupation.14.Whatcanbeinferredabouticebatteriesaccordingtothetext?A.Theyarecheaptoinstall. B.Theyareenergy-saving.C.Theyareextremelyharmful. D.Theyareusedtocoolfood.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ProcessofIceBatteryProduction B.Power-hungryAirConditioningC.AdvantagesofStoringElectricity D.ACreativeSystemforCooling【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍纽约曼哈顿的ElevenMadison摩天大厦采用夜间制冰、白天用冰制冷的创新系统，以应对夏季高温并节约能源。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Airconditioningusesnearly20%ofenergyuseinhomesandbusinessesglobally.However,onextremelyhotdays,thatnumbercanjumpto70%.InstallationsliketheoneinElevenMadisonhelptolowerthat.(全球范围内，空调消耗了家庭和企业近20%的能源。然而，在极端炎热的日子里，这个数字可能会飙升到70%。像ElevenMadison里的装置有助于降低这一比例。)”可知，作者通过说明空调能耗高的问题，强调了冰电池系统的必要性。故选A项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Wetakewater,andaddsomeotherelementsinit.Sowecantakecontrolofthattemperaturebasicallyanywherewewantit,inthezeroto20℃range.(我们先取来水，然后在其中加入一些其他物质。这样一来，我们就能在几乎任何我们想要的温度范围内（即0至20摄氏度之间）控制温度了。)”可知，在水中添加其他元素是为了控制温度。故选C项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“InstallationsliketheoneinElevenMadisonhelptolowerthat.(像ElevenMadison里的装置有助于降低这一比例。)”以及第五段中的“Fornow,combiningicebatterieswithothertypesofenergystoragefromrenewablescanhelpthepowergrid(电网)tokeepupinhotweatheraswellaslowerthecostofelectricity.(目前，将冰电池与其他类型的可再生能源储存相结合，有助于电网在炎热天气下维持运行，并降低电力成本。)”可推断，冰电池是节能的。故选B项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文和第一段的“ThisideahasbecomearealityforaNewYorkCityhigh-risethat’sbeingcooledbyice.(这一想法如今已在纽约市的一座高层建筑中成为现实，该建筑通过使用冰块来实现降温。)”可知，全文围绕“冰电池帮助建筑物降温”这一核心展开：开头提出设想并引入实例（ElevenMadison），接着具体描述该冰电池系统的工作原理（夜间制冰、日间供冷）和规模，指出其解决空调高能耗问题的价值，解释其提升效率的关键技术（特殊水质处理）)，最后点明其当前应用范围（建筑物降温）及与可再生能源结合带来的综合效益（稳定电网、降低成本），因此“一种创新的冷却系统”最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Goodsportsmanship(体育精神)isimportantbecauseitmakescompetitiveplaymoreenjoyableforeveryoneparticipatinginthecompetition.___16___.Thispositiveapproachreducesconflictsandhelpsplayersfocusonthegame.However,badsportsmanshipcreatesanegativeenvironmentandcantakethefunoutofthegame.___17___:Winwithgrace(优雅)Winningdoesn’tmakeoneteammoresuperiortotheother;itmeansthatthewinningteam’sskillsandbesteffortsputtheminthebestpositiontowinthatgame.Youcanbeexcitedaboutyourvictory,butyoucan’tputdowntheopponents(对手).Playfair___18___.Fairplaymeanshavingalevelplayingfield.Everycompetitorhasanequalopportunitytowin.Ifyouwanttowinagame,everyonemuststartwiththesameconditionsastheopposingteamortheplayerandfollowtherulesofthegame.PicturethefutureSometimesyou’llhavetocompeteagainstafriend,familymember,orlovedone,anditcanbehardtoputthatrelationshipasideduringcompetitions.___19___.Sheoftensays,“In10years,it’snotgoingtoreallymatter.Nooneisgoingtorememberthismatch.Noone’sgoingtoreallythinkaboutit.”ShakehandsInmanysports,itiscustomarytoshakehandswiththeopposingplayerorteamafteragame.___20___.Thissimplegesturehelpseveryonerememberwhattrulymattersinsports.A.HealthycompetitionrequiresequaleffortB.CheatingatagameispoorsportsmanshipC.ThisbehaviorimprovesteamworkskillsD.HerearesometipsfordevelopinggoodsportsmanshipE.Whetheryouwinorlose,thisshowsrespectforothersF.GoodsportsmanshipteachescompetitorshowtoberespectfultoothersG.Forexample,tennissuperstarSerenaWilliamschoosestofocusonthefuture【答案】16.F17.D18.B19.G20.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了良好的体育精神的重要性，并给出了一些培养良好体育精神的建议。【16题详析】根据上文“Goodsportsmanship(体育精神)isimportantbecauseitmakescompetitiveplaymoreenjoyableforeveryoneparticipatinginthecompetition.(良好的体育精神很重要，因为它能让所有参与比赛的人都能更享受竞技的乐趣。)”可知，此处强调良好体育精神的重要性，下文“Thispositiveapproachreducesconflictsandhelpsplayersfocusonthegame.(这种积极的态度能减少冲突，帮助球员专注于比赛。)”中的“Thispositiveapproach”指代良好体育精神带来的积极影响，空处需进一步说明良好体育精神的作用。F选项(良好的体育精神教会参赛者如何尊重他人。)能承上启下，且F项中的“Goodsportsmanship”与上文主题一致，“berespectfultoothers”是良好体育精神的核心体现，且与下文“reducesconflicts”形成逻辑衔接，符合语境。故选F项。【17题详析】根据上文“However,badsportsmanshipcreatesanegativeenvironmentandcantakethefunoutofthegame.(然而，糟糕的体育精神会营造负面环境，还会让比赛失去乐趣。)”可知，此处对比了糟糕体育精神的危害，下文列出了“优雅获胜”“公平竞赛”等具体建议，空处需起到承上启下的作用，引出培养良好体育精神的方法。D选项(以下是一些培养良好体育精神的建议。)中的“sometipsfordevelopinggoodsportsmanship”直接对应下文的具体内容，符合语境。故选D项。【18题详析】根据本段小标题“Playfair(公平竞赛)”可知，本段核心是“公平参与比赛”，下文“Fairplaymeanshavingalevelplayingfield.Everycompetitorhasanequalopportunitytowin.(公平竞赛意味着有一个公平的竞争环境。每个参赛者都有平等的获胜机会。)”进一步解释了公平竞赛的内涵，空处需体现“违背公平竞赛的行为”。B选项(在比赛中作弊是糟糕的体育精神。)中的“Cheating”与“Playfair”形成反义对应，符合本段主题，且与下文“followtherulesofthegame”相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。【19题详析】根据本段小标题“Picturethefuture(着眼未来)”可知，本段核心是“在比赛中关注长远，不纠结于当下结果”，上文“Sometimesyou’llhavetocompeteagainstafriend,familymember,orlovedone,anditcanbehardtoputthatrelationshipasideduringcompetitions.(有时你不得不与朋友、家人或爱的人竞争，在比赛中放下这段关系可能会很难。)”说明了竞争中可能遇到的情感困扰，下文“Sheoftensays,“In10years,it’snotgoingtoreallymatter.(她常说：‘10年后，这真的不重要了。)”引用了一位女性的话作为例证，空处需明确该例证的主体。G选项(例如，网球巨星塞雷娜·威廉姆斯选择关注未来。)中的“SerenaWilliams”对应下文的“She”，“focusonthefuture”与小标题“Picturethefuture”一致，举例说明如何着眼未来，符合语境。故选G项。【20题详析】根据上文“Inmanysports,itiscustomarytoshakehandswiththeopposingplayerorteamafteragame.(在许多运动中，赛后与对手或对方球队握手是一种惯例。)”可知，此处介绍赛后握手的惯例，下文“Thissimplegesturehelpseveryonerememberwhattrulymattersinsports.(这个简单的举动帮助每个人记住体育运动中真正重要的东西。)”说明了握手的意义，空处需解释握手这一行为的内涵。E选项(无论输赢，这都体现了对他人的尊重。)中的“This”指代上文“shakehands”，“showsrespectforothers”点明了握手的核心意义，与下文“whattrulymattersinsports”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Allmylife,Ithoughtitwasgoodtobebusy.IgraduatedonaSaturdayfromcollegeandwasalreadylookingfora____21____byMonday,eagertocommittoanyfieldwithinnovation.ThenItaughtinahighschool,contributingtoanewspaper,andjoiningclubs…Atthirty,Igotmarriedandhadmyfirst____22____,Ishoweredloveuponthatbaby.Allthewhile,Ikept____23____duties:birthdayparties,lifeskills,pets,etc.,whichmademyschedulevaryconstantly.Myfatheroftenadvisedthatpeopleneedto____24____.WhenI’dclaimtheeducationalbenefitsofsomehigh-techpreschoolprograms,he’dsay,“Letthekidshavefreetimefornaturalinteraction—it’s____25____!”WhenI’dsignmychildrenupforfitnessclasses,he’dsay,“Getclosetonature.It’sgreatexercise.”Iwaspuzzledbythe____26____“Withallthedailytasks,whybothergoingoutto____27____places?”I’dthink.Besides,Iwasoften____28____fromsuchactivitiesduetowork.Ialwaysthoughthehadretired,andhisideaswere____29____.Buthestill____30____outdoorexperiences.Ichoseto____31____hisadvice,refusingtoswitchfrommybusyroutine.Iwantedustolivea____32____life.However,afteryearsofoverwork,Ibecame____33____—Iwasconfused!Onedayafterhospitaldischarge,Isatinawheelchair,watchingmykidsplayonthelawn.I’dbeenawomanwithmanyduties,yetfoundjoyintheirfreedom.Theunpleasant____34____hitme,thenIcametoafirmconclusion:It’shealthytoletlifegrowslowly.Myfatherwas____35____.Fromthenon,Ilearnedtobalanceworkandleisure.21.A.challenge B.lesson C.job D.project22.A.child B.task C.house D.car23.A.complaining B.avoiding C.adding D.paying24.A.holdback B.slowdown C.shootup D.pushforward25.A.incredible B.pointless C.demanding D.efficient26.A.decision B.performance C.suggestion D.behavior27.A.close B.familiar C.distant D.famous28.A.present B.absent C.free D.missing29.A.original B.outdated C.valuable D.ambitious30.A.encouraged B.monitored C.managed D.described31.A.seek B.ignore C.share D.limit32.A.peaceful B.pleasant C.relaxing D.productive33.A.sad B.crazy C.ill D.busy34.A.reality B.innovation C.interaction D.conclusion35.A.right B.gentle C.friendly D.strict【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.B25.A26.C27.C28.B29.B30.A31.B32.D33.C34.A35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述作者曾沉迷忙碌生活，忽视父亲“放慢节奏”的建议，过度劳累致病后幡然醒悟，认同父亲观点，学会平衡工作与休闲。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我于周六从大学毕业，周一就已开始寻找工作，渴望投身于任何具有创新性的领域。A.challenge挑战；B.lesson课程；C.job工作；D.project项目。根据下文“eagertocommittoanyfieldwithinnovation”可知，作者周一就已开始寻找工作，渴望投身于任何具有创新性的领域。故选C。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：三十岁时，我结婚了，并迎来了我的第一个孩子。我全心全意地爱着那个小宝贝。A.child孩子；B.task任务；C.house房子；D.car汽车。根据下文“Ishoweredloveuponthatbaby”可知，作者有了第一个孩子。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在此期间，我不断地增加各种任务：生日聚会、生活技能训练、照顾宠物等等，这使得我的日程安排总是变化不定。A.complaining投诉；B.avoiding避免；C.adding增加；D.paying支付。根据下文“duties:birthdayparties,lifeskills,pets,etc.,whichmademyschedulevaryconstantly”可知，作者不断地增加各种任务：生日聚会、生活技能训练、照顾宠物等等，这使得我的日程安排总是变化不定。故选C。【24题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我父亲常常告诫人们要放慢脚步。A.holdback阻止；B.slowdown减速；C.shootup迅速上升；D.pushforward推进。根据下文“It’shealthytoletlifegrowslowly.”可知，父亲告诫的是放慢脚步。故选B。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我提及某些高科技早教项目的教育效果时，他会说：“让孩子们有足够的时间进行自然的互动吧——这效果简直太神奇了！”A.incredible难以置信的；B.pointless毫无意义的；C.demanding要求高的；D.efficient有效的。根据上文“Letthekidshavefreetimefornaturalinteraction”可知，父亲认为孩子自然互动的自由时光是极好的，故选A。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被这个建议弄得有些困惑：“面对那么多日常事务，为什么要特意去遥远的地方呢？”我这样想道。A.decision决定；B.performance表现；C.suggestion建议；D.behavior行为。根据上文“Letthekidshavefreetimefornaturalinteraction”可知，作者对父亲给出的建议感到困惑，故选C。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被这个建议弄得有些困惑：“面对那么多日常事务，为什么要特意去遥远的地方呢？”我这样想道。A.close亲密的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.distant遥远的；D.famous出名的。根据上文“Letthekidshavefreetimefornaturalinteraction”可知，和自然互动需要走到远的地方去，故选C。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于工作原因，我常常无法参加这类活动。A.present目前的；B.absent缺席的；C.free自由的；D.missing失踪的。根据下文“duetowork”可知，作者因为工作常缺席这类户外活动，故选B。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直以为他已经退休了，而且他的想法也已经过时了。A.original起初的；B.outdated过时的；C.valuable宝贵的；D.ambitious有抱负的。根据上文“Ialwaysthoughthehadretired”可知，作者认为父亲已退休，其理念是过时的，故选B。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他仍然鼓励人们多去户外活动。A.encouraged鼓励；B.monitored监督；C.managed设法；D.described描述。根据下文“outdoorexperiences”以及上文“Letthekidshavefreetimefornaturalinteraction”可知，尽管作者不认同，父亲仍鼓励户外体验，故选A。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我选择不听他的建议，拒绝改变自己忙碌的生活方式。A.seek寻找；B.ignore忽视；C.share分享；D.limit限制。根据下文“refusingtoswitchfrommybusyroutine”可知，作者忽视了父亲的建议，故选B。【32题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望我们能过上富有成效的生活。A.peaceful和平的；B.pleasant令人愉快的；C.relaxing放松的；D.productive富有成效的。根据上文“birthdayparties,lifeskills,pets,etc.,whichmademyschedulevaryconstantly”可知，作者坚持忙碌日常，认为要过高效的、有成效的生活，故选D。【33题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于长期过度劳累，我生病了——我简直糊涂了！A.sad悲伤的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.ill生病的；D.busy忙碌的。根据下文“hospitaldischarge（出院）”、“satinawheelchair”说明作者因过度劳累生病了，故选C。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那令人不快的现实向我袭来，随后我得出了一个坚定的结论：让生活慢慢发展是件有益的事情。A.reality现实；B.innovation创新；C.interaction互动；D.conclusion结论。根据上文“Onedayafterhospitaldischarge,Isatinawheelchair,watchingmykidsplayonthelawn.I’dbeenawomanwithmanyduties,yetfoundjoyintheirfreedom.(出院后的某一天，我坐在轮椅上，看着孩子们在草坪上玩耍。我曾是一个肩负诸多责任的女性，但从中却感受到了无尽的快乐，感受到了他们的自由所带来的喜悦)”可知，作者看到孩子自由玩耍，对比自己的忙碌与病痛，意识到了残酷的现实，故选A。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父亲是对的。A.right正确的；B.gentle温和的；C.friendly友好的；D.strict严格的。根据上文“It’shealthytoletlifegrowslowly.”可知，作者最终领悟“让生活慢下来才健康”，意识到父亲的建议是正确的，故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Popcornmaysoonbemovedfrommovietheatersnackstandstothe____36____(theater)walls.ScientistsattheUniversityofGottingenhavedevelopedamethodtoturnpopcorn____37____eco-friendlybuildinginsulation(隔热材料).Theteamsaysthesematerialscouldcutdownontheuseoflesssustainable(可持续的)productstokeepbuildingswarmandreduceheatingcosts.Goodinsulationinabuildingcutsdownontheneedtoprovideheatthroughoilandgas,____38____(result)infewerCO2emissions(排放).Whenitcomestowhatmakesinsulationeco-friendly,theteamsaysthesematerialsshouldincluderenewablerawmaterials,havegoodheatinsulation,beresistanttofire,andbeeasytorecyclewhenthebuilding____39____(eventual)comesdown.Intheirexperiments,theteamsuccessfullydevelopedanewprocessformakingasustainableandefficientpopcorn-basedinsulationboard.Researchersmanaged____40____(create)aprocessthatproducesboardsmadeofpopcorn.Testsshow____41____boardshaveexcellentheatinsulationpropertiesandprotectagainstfireverywell.Study____42____(author)believethebiggestadvantagepopcorninsulationhasisthatitisaplant-basedmaterial:This____43____(make)iteco-friendlyandasustainablealternativetopetroleumproductsandotherindustryplastics.Additionally,theteamfindstheirpopcornboardsdonottakeinwat