《工业分析 Industrial Analysis》课件-煤油沸程的测定（双语）

项目八：常规物理常数与性能分析任务三：沸点和沸程的测定煤油沸程的测定课程：工业分析中文Scenario8:PhysicalconstantsandperformancetestingTask3DeterminationofboilingpointandboilingrangeDeterminationofboilingrangeofkeroseneCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish一、煤油沸程测定装置沸程测定装置图中文一、DeviceformeasuringtheboilingrangeofkeroseneEglish装好仪器后，先记录大气压力，后开始对蒸馏瓶均匀加热。第一滴馏出液从冷凝管滴入量筒时，记录此时的温度作为初馏点(经过的时间为10～15min)。初馏点后，移动量筒，使其内壁接触冷凝管末端，让馏出液沿着量筒内壁流下。此后蒸馏速度要均匀，每分钟馏出4－5毫升，这速度一般应相当于每10秒馏出20－25滴。在收集到10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、95毫升馏出液时，要记录蒸馏温度计上的读数。二、测定方法中文Afterinstallingtheinstrument,recordtheatmosphericpressurefirst,andthenstartheatingthedistillationflaskevenly.Whenthefirstdropofdistillateisdroppedfromthecondenserintothegraduatedcylinder,recordthetemperatureatthistimeastheinitialboilingpoint(thetimeelapsedis10-15minutes).Aftertheinitialboilingpoint,movethegraduatedcylindersothatitsinnerwallcontactstheendofthecondensertube,allowingthedistillatetoflowdownalongtheinnerwallofthegraduatedcylinder.Afterwards,thedistillationspeedshouldbeuniform,distilling4-5millilitersperminute,whichisgenerallyequivalenttodistilling20-25dropsevery10seconds.Whencollecting10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,and95millili二、MeasurementmethodEglish当量筒中馏出液达到90mL时，如蒸馏汽油，允许对加热强度作适当调整，要求在3－5分钟内达到干点。在蒸馏喷气燃料、煤油或轻柴油的过程，当量筒中的馏出液达到95mL时,不要改变加热强度，从95mL到终点所经过的时间不超过3min。当不能测到干点时，记录蒸馏温度计上观测到的最高温度作为终点三、注意事项中文Whenthedistillateintheequivalentcylinderreaches90mL,ifgasolineisbeingdistilled,appropriateadjustmentstotheheatingintensityareallowed,anditisrequiredtoreachthedrypointwithin3-5minutes.Whendistillingjetfuel,kerosene,orlightdiesel,donotchangetheheatingintensitywhenthedistillateintheequivalentcylinderreaches95mL,andthedistillationtimefrom95mLtotheendpointshouldnotexceed3minutes.Whenthedrypointcannotbemeasured,recordthehighesttemperatureobservedonthedistillationthermometerastheendpoint三、NoteEglish当遇到活性分解时，通常在蒸汽和浓烟雾迅速放出后蒸馏温度逐渐下降。如不出现预期的温度下降，则在达到95％之后5分钟，记下蒸馏温度计上观测到的最高温度。并记录为“终点，5min”。这表示真正的终点未能在给定的时间范围内达到。无论如何，终点不应超过95％以后5分钟。中文Whenencounteringthedecompositionofactivesubstances,thedistillationtemperatureusuallygraduallydecreasesaftertherapidreleaseofsteamandconcentratedsmoke.Ifthereisnoexpectedtemperaturedrop,recordthehighesttemperatureobservedonthedistillationthermometer5minutesafterthedistillationvolumereaches95%.Andrecordas"Endpoint,5minutes".Thisindicatesthatthetrueendpointhasnotbeenreachedwithinthegiventimeframe.Anyway,theendpointshouldnotexceed5minutesafterthe95%fraction.Eglish四、分析数据的收集及处理记录初馏点，收集到5、10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、95毫升馏出液时温度计最高温度，终馏点，蒸馏出的液体体积，残留的液体体积计算回收百分数、残留百分数、损失百分数中文四、Collectionandcalculationofanalyticaldatarecord:Initialboilingpoint,maximumtemperatureofthermometerwhencollecting5,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,and95millilitersof