三年（2023-2025）甘肃中考英语真题分类汇编专题05 阅读理解之说明文（原卷版）

专题05阅读理解之说明文

年份地区体裁/字数主题内容

25年甘肃说明文/204本文介绍了人工智能的工作原理

25年兰州说明文/302本文主要介绍了三种桥梁类型（斜拉桥、开启桥和拱桥）及其代表建

筑

24年甘肃说明文/164文章介绍了一项物品升级改造竞赛。通过回收利用或升级改造可以帮

助我们保护地球环境。

24年兰州说明文/236本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了什么是智能家居，

23年甘肃说明文/200本文主要介绍了钢笔和铅笔的发展历史。

23年兰州记叙文/214本文主要介绍风能发电的优势和劣势。

25年中考真题+模拟试题

（25·甘肃中考真题）

LearningaboutAI▲

AIworksbyusingalgorithms(算法),orstep-by-stepinstructions,tohelpcomputersunderstandand

workwithinformation.Forexample,ifyouwantedtoteachacomputertoknowdifferenttypesoffruits,

youwouldgiveitalotofpicturesoffruitsandtellitwhichonesareapples,bananas,andsoon.The

computerwouldthenusethisinformationtofindoutwhatnewfruitsare.Thisprocessiscalled

“machinelearning”.

WhatcanAIbeusedfor?

AIisalreadybeingusedinmanydifferentareas.Forexample,AIcanbeusedto:●diagnoseandtreat

diseases;

●driveself-drivingcars;

●recommendmoviesandTVshowsaccordingtoyourviewinghistory;

●helpteachersgivemarkstopapers.

TheFutureofAI

Inthefuture,AImaycompletelychangemanypartsofourlivesandhelpussolvesomeofthe

world’sbiggestproblems.However,it’salsoimportanttorememberthatAIisjustatool,andit’supto

ustodecidehowweuseit.Withresponsibleandethical(合乎道德的)use,AIcanmaketheworlda

betterplaceforeveryone!

PS:ThecopyaboveiscreatedbyAI!

阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。

41.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin▲?

A.WhenwasAIinvented?B.HowdoesAIwork?

C.WhyisAIimportant?D.WhousesAIthemost?

42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diagnose”probablymean?

A.Spread.B.Cause.C.Recognize.D.Make.

43.HowdoesAIrecommendmoviesandTVshows?

A.Byguessingfreely.B.Byusingyourviewinghistory.

C.Byaskingyourfriends.D.Bycreatingnewmovies.

44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.AIisn’tatoolanditcandecidehowpeopleuseit.

B.AIcanmakeabetterworldifweuseitcorrectly.

C.It’simpossibleforAItosolvethebiggestquestions.

D.AIcannothelpteacherstomarkthepapers.

45.Whowrotethepassage?

A.Aworker.B.Anengineer.C.Awriter.D.AI.

（25·甘肃兰州中考真题）

Everybridgeisasymbolofthetimes.Mostofthemlooksimilar,buttherearegreatdifferencesintheway

theyarebuilt.Let’slearnaboutbridgesaroundtheworld.

Cable-stayedbridge

TheHong-Kong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge(HZMB)isthelongestsea-crossingbridgeandakindof

cable-stayedbridge.Itwasopenedin2018.Theconstruction(建造)oftheHZMBrequirescutting-edge

technologyandcarefulplanning.Itsopeningprovesthathumansaremakingmiracles(奇迹)withgreateffortand

wisdom.

Drawbridge

LondonTowerBridgehasbeenstandingovertheRiverThamessince1894.Thebridgeisknownforits

bascule(桥梁板),andthispartcanberaisedtoallowtallshipstopassthrough.Fromthetopofthebridge,you

couldenjoythebeautifulviewsoftheRiverThames.

Archbridge

Oneoftheoldestarch(拱)bridgesisZhaozhouBridgeinHebeiProvince.ItwasbuiltbyLiChunofSui

Dynastyabout1,400yearsago.Therearetwosmallarchesateachsideofthebigarch.Usually,theriverruns

throughthebigarch.Whenthereisaflood(洪水),therivercanalsorunthroughthefoursmallones.Sotodaythe

bridgeisstillinuse.

Archesplayanimportantpartinbridges.Theyareusedforspreadingtheweighttheyarecarryingout.Why

notmakeyourownmodelarch?Youjustneedsomepaperandapairofscissors.

②Layoutallofthepaperpieceslikethis.

Steps:

Makesurethelargepiecewillbeputinthe

①Cutoutonelargeshapeandsixsmall

centralplaceofthisarchasitholdsthewhole

shapes.

archtogether.

Tryit,testitandmakeitbetter!

21.Howmanykindsofbridgesarementionedinthetext?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cutting-edge”meaninparagraph2?

A.High.B.Low.C.Simple.D.Old.

23.HowlonghasLondonTowerBridgebeenstandingovertheRiverThames?

A.Over1,400years.B.Over100years.

C.Lessthan100years.D.Lessthan7years.

24.Howdoesthewriterendthetext?

A.Bytellingastory.B.Bylistingnumbers.

C.Bymakingamodelarch.D.Byintroducingsomebridges.

25.Whatisthemainpurposeofwritingthistext?

A.Totellreadersthehistoryofbridges.B.Toshowreaderstheviewsonbridges.

C.Toadvisereaderstoenjoyandvisit.D.Toencouragereaderstoknowandpractise.

（25·甘肃酒泉市一模试题）

TheHexiCorridor(河西走廊),a1,000-kilometer-longhistoricaltraderouteinGansuProvince,stretches

betweentheQilianMountainsandtheHeiheRiver.Knownasthe“GoldenSectionoftheSilkRoad,”itonce

connectedancientChinatoCentralAsia.However,overthepast50years,rapiddesertification(沙漠化)has

threatenedthisregion.Nearly30%ofthelandhasturnedintodesert,forcingmanyvillagestorelocate(搬迁).

Tosolvethisproblem,scientistsandlocalshaveworkedtogether.Step1:Fixingthesand.Theylaystraw

checkerboards(草方格)acrossthedesert.Thesegrids,madeofwheatstraw,canreducewindspeedby50%and

trapmovingsand.Step2:Plantingtrees.Drought-resistantplantslikesaxaul(梭梭树)aregrowninthegrids.

Theirrootscanreach10metersdeeptofindwater.Step3:Savingwater.Farmersnowusedripirrigationsystems,

whichsave60%morewaterthantraditionalmethods.

Thegovernmenthasalsotakenaction.Since2020,over20,000hectares(公顷)ofdeserthavebeenturned

intogreenland.DronesandAIareusedtomonitorplantgrowth.InMinqinCounty,oncecalled“theplace

swallowedbydesert,”70%ofthedesertisnowundercontrol.Localpeopleevendevelopeco-tourism(生态旅游)

—visitorsplanttreesandridecamelsthroughrestoredgrasslands.

Futurechallenges:Climatechangeandlimitedwaterresourcesremainproblems.ButasMr.Wang,afarmer,

said:“Mygrandchildrenwillseeagreenercorridor!”

52.WhatisthemaincauseoftheHexiCorridor’sproblem?

A.Floods.B.Desertification.C.Airpollution.D.Overpopulation.

53.Howdostrawcheckerboardshelp?

A.Bycleaningrivers.B.Bystoppingsandmovement.

C.Bygrowingcrops.D.Bybuildingroads.

54.Whyaresaxaultreesspecial?

A.Theirrootsgrowverydeep.B.Theyproducedeliciousfruit.

C.Theyneedlotsofrainwater.D.Theyattracttourists.

55.Whattechnologyisusedtowatchplantgrowth?

A.Robots.B.DronesandAI.C.Satellites.D.Underwatercameras.

56.WhatdoesMr.Wang’swordsshow?

A.Anger.B.Hope.C.Disappointment.D.Boredom.

（25·甘肃白银市一模试题）

AJOBATTHEENDOFTHEWORLD

GeorgeClarkeisfromBristol,theUK.HehasworkedasthepostmasteronGoudierIslandinAntarctica

(南极洲)since2024.Hisworkplaceisthesouthernmostpostofficeintheworld.Thepostofficewassetupin

1944.Let’shearwhatClarkesaidbeforeheheadedtotheisland.

Whatmadeyouapplyforthejob,

Clarke?Whatwillyourdutiesbe?

IreadanarticleaboutsomeonewhohadSomevisitorsgotothepostofficetosendpostcardsand

workedatthispostoffice.Ineverexpectedtolettershome.Theyalsocollectstampstoremembertheirtime

getthejob.ButIthought,“Whynot?Itmightthere.Allofthesetaskswillbehandledbyme.

beagreatadventure.”

Whoelsewillbegoingthere?Whatareyoumostlookingforwardto?

TherearefiveofusonthecoreteamThepenguins(企鹅),ofcourse!Therearethousandsof

(核心团队).Somewillmonitorwildlife(监测penguinsontheisland.We’llbekeepinganeyeon(密切关注)

野生生物)andrunthegiftshop.themandtheirpopulationnumbers.

Whatdoestherolemeantoyou?

ThewholeideaistoprotectAntarctichistory.Ilovetheideaofhelpingthestoryofthisplaceliveon.

阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。

41.WhereisGeorgeClarkefrom?

A.America.B.TheUK.C.Australia.D.Canada.

42.WhenwasthepostofficeonGoudierIslandsetup?

A.In1944.B.In1954.C.In1964.D.In1974.

43.WhatisGeorgeClarke’smainduty?

A.Torunthegiftshop.B.Tomonitorwildlife.

C.Tocollectstampsforvisitors.D.Tosendpostcardsandlettersforvisitors.

44.WhatisGeorgeClarkemostexcitedaboutinhisnewjobonGoudierIsland?

A.TheopportunitytoprotectAntarctichistory.

B.Theadventureoflivinginaremotelocation.

C.Monitoringthepenguinpopulationnumbers.

D.Helpingthevisitors.

45.Whereisthisarticleprobablyfrom?

A.Atravelguide.B.Ahistorybook.

C.Apaintingmagazine.D.Asportsnewspaper.

（25·甘肃兰州市一模试题）

I’veownedamodelplanesinceIwasfive.NowI’ma14--year--oldmiddleschoolstudentandIdon’tneed

itanymore.Thistoycanstillflyupintheair.SoI’dliketogiveitawaytosomeoneinneed.Mightthepersonbe

you?

—Joe

Tobehonest,Iusedtohatemyfamilyalot.Myparentsoftenarguedandnevercaredaboutmeandmy

brotherSam.Samoftenfoughtwithme.SoIstayedinmyownbedroommostofthetime.Butnoweverything

haschangedandwe’vegotonwellwitheachother.Ilovemyfamily.

—May

WhoseCoatIsThis?Salas,anAmericanwriterwroteitforkids.Accordingtodifferentcoats,thisbook

introducessomedifferentjobs.Ihavelearnedmuchfromthebook.

—WangZi

Ioncevolunteeredtoteachinavillageprimaryschool.It’savaluableexperienceforme.Mostpupilswere

frompoorfamilies,buttheyalllovedtostudy.ItaughtthemEnglishandplayedgameswiththem.Whenseeing

theirhappyfaces,Ifeltgreat.

—ZhuHe

11.HowlonghasJoehadthemodelplane?

A.Forthreeyears.B.Forfiveyears.

C.Forsevenyears.D.Fornineyears.

12.WhatmightMayenjoydoinginthepast?

A.PlayingwithSam.B.Stayingaloneinherbedroom.

C.Talkingwithherdad.D.Helpinghermomwiththechores.

13.WhichsubjectmayZhuHebegoodat?

A.English.B.Chinese.C.Math.D.History.

14.Wecanlearnfromthesepassages________.

A.“WhoseCoatIsThis?”isthenameofamovie.

B.Mayoftenfoughtwithherparentsinthepast.

C.Joe`stoystillworksnow.

D.AllthestudentslovetostudyinZhuHe’sclass.

15.Whatcanweknowfromtheinformation?

A.Joeoftengivessomeoldthingsawaytopoorkids.

B.ThereareatleastfourpeopleinMay’sfamily.

C.WangZineedsagreatjobtodevelophisskills.

D.ZhuHeisfromapoorfamily,butlovestostudy.

DoyouknowAI?It’stheshortformofartificialintelligence(人工智能).Withtheprogress(进步)ofAI,

ourlifeisbecomingeasierandeasier.AIhaslotsofgoodpoints.Theyareveryusefultopeople.

First,AIcanhelphumanstododangerousworksoitcanpreventpeoplefromdanger.

Second,AIcanalsohelpustodoboringwork.Andwecanhavemorefreetimetodowhatwelovetodo.

Weareproductive(富有成效的)onlyabout3to4hoursinaday.Wealsoneedbreaksafterwork.ButAIcan

workwithoutbreaks.AIcanalsochangeotherlanguagesintoChinesesothatwecantravelaroundtheworldand

talkwithpeoplefromothercountrieswithoutlearningthelanguagesoftheircountries.

Third,itcanmakefewermistakesandhavebetteraccuracy(精确).Anexampleofitistheuseofrobotic

surgerysystems(机器人手术系统),loweringtherisksofhumanmistakesandimprovingpatients’safetyinhealth

care.

However,AIalsohassomedisadvantages.MakingAIneedsbigcosts.Manypeoplewilllosetheirjobs

becauseofAI.AIismakinghumanslazierandlazier.

Inshort,AImakeshumanprogressandourlifecanbemuchmorecolorfulwithAI.

16.Howlongarehumansproductiveinadayaccordingtothetext?

A.Only1hour.B.Morethan8hours.

C.About10hours.D.About3to4hours.

17.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?

A.AIcanhelphumansdomuchworkwithoutabreak.

B.Weneedtolearnnewlanguagesifwetraveltoothercountries.

C.AIcanhelphumansfinishtheworkinthreetofourhours.

D.AIisproductivewhilehumansaren’t.

18.Whatkindofexampledoesthewriteruseaboutmakingfewermistakesandhavingbetteraccuracy?

A.Roboticsurgerysystems.B.Languagelearning.

C.Doingboringwork.D.Travelingaroundtheworld.

19.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph5?

A.AIcostslessmoney.B.AIalsohasdisadvantages.

C.Manypeoplewillfindjobs.D.Peoplewillbelessuseful.

20.What’sthewriter’sattitude(态度)towardsAI?

A.Disappointed.B.Negative(消极的).C.Hopeful.D.Worried.

（25·甘肃酒泉二模试题）

Who’sthecoolestkidintraditionalChinesefolkstories?ManypeoplewouldsayNeZha.Duringthis

year’sSpringFestival,theChinesecartoonmovieNeZha2wonpeople’shearts.Peopleloveditsomuchthatit

mademoremoneythananyothermovieinChinesehistory.Italsobecameabigculturalcelebration.Hereare

somehottalkingpointsaboutthismovie.

WhydoesTaiyiZhenrenuselotusroots(莲藕)torebuildNeZha’sbody?Theuseoflotusrootsisspecial.

Lotusrootsareverystrong.Theycangrowupto1meterwithoutbreaking.AsthefamousChinesesayinggoes.

“Lotusgrowsoutofthemud(淤泥)unstained.”ThelotusshowsNeZha’spowertofightagainstbadthings.Soit

isagoodchoiceformakinghisbodyagain.

▲Inthemovie,TaiyiZhenren’sSichuandialect(方言)makespeoplelaugh.“HelivesattheQianyuan

MountaininJiangyou,SichuanProvince.Soit’snormalforhimtospeaktheSichuandialectinthefilm.”said

ZhangJiaming,thevoiceactorforTaiyiZhenren

阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。

52.WhatcanwelearnaboutNeZha2accordingtoParagraph1?

A.Onlykidslikeit.

B.It’sasoapopera.

C.It’sfromatraditionalChinesefolkstory.

D.Ithasmademoremoneythananyothermovieintheworld.

53.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unstained”inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Strong.B.Uncleaned.C.Fast.D.Notinfluencedbybadthings.

54.Whichsentencecanbeputin________?

A.WhoisthevoiceactorforTaiyiZhenren?

B.WhydoesNeZha2winsomanypeople’shearts?

C.WhydoesTaiyiZhenrenspeaktheSichuandialect?

D.WhydoesNeZha2becomeabigculturalcelebration?

55.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.NeZhaandHisFriend.

B.NeZha2MakesCultureEvenCooler.

C.AncientChineseStoriesaboutLotusRoots.

D.NeZha2MakesUsKnowMoreaboutSichuan.

56.Thepassageisprobably________.

A.aletterB.apoemC.anovelD.anewsreport

（24·甘肃中考试题）

阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。

46.WhocanjointheUpcycleCompetition?

A.Aboywhoiseightyearsold.

B.Agroupwhichhasfiveteenagers.

C.Afamilyofparentsandtwokids.

D.Ateamthathasthree12-year-olds.

47.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthecompetition?

A.Onecansendhiscompetitioninformationafter25July2024.

B.Thebestcreations’photoswillbeputonwww.earthhelper.co/upcycle.

C.Ifyourteamwinsthesecondplace,youcanget600dollars.

D.Youcansendemailtohi@earthhelper.cotoknowmorerequirements.

48.Whatisthemainpurposeofshowingthedifferencesofrecyclingandupcycling?

A.Tomakesurethatreadersknowwhattheyneedtocreateforthecompetition.

B.Tohelpreaderschoosethebetterwaytosavetheearth.

C.Totellthereaderstothinkwiselybeforedecidingtoenterthecompetition.

D.Toletthereadersdomoreupcyclingactivities.

49.Whichofthefollowingpictureshouldbeputinthe??

A.B.C.D.

50.Howarerecyclingandupcyclinggoodfortheenvironment?

A.Newproductsarecreatedoutofoldones.

B.Peoplewillmakemoreusefulproducts.

C.Morespaceontheearthwillbefreed.

D.Therewillbelessharmfulgreenhousegas.

（24·甘肃兰州市中考试题）

Smarthomesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularthesedays.Whatisasmarthome?Asmarthomeisa

livingspacewithadvancedtechnology.Itallowsyoutocontroldifferentdevices(装置)inyourhomebyjust

tappingonyoursmartphone—whetheryou’reathomeoronyourwaytowork.

Smarthomesincludesmartdevicesandsystems,suchaslocks,fridges,bulbs,washingmachines...Youmay

wonderhowtheywork.Smartspeakersareusedtoplaymusicoranswerquestionswithvoices.Smartlighting

systemcanbecontrolledremotelyaccordingtoyourschedule.Smartfridgesmightsuggestrecipesandevenorder

foodsyouneed.Allthesedevicesworktogetherasonetomakeyourhomesmarterandyourlifeeasier.

Whataretheadvantagesofasmarthome?Firstly,itisconvenient.Youcancontrolyourhomewith

smartphonesorvoices.Secondly,it’shelpfultoavoidtheunnecessarywaste,soitpossiblybenefitsthe

environment.Thirdly,ifanythingunusualhappensaroundyourhome,thesystemsmaybegintoworktoprotect

youandyourhomeimmediately.

However,itmaynotbeforeverybody.Smartdevicesaretypicallymoreexpensivethanthetraditionalones.

What’smore,smarthomesystemsrelyonconnectivityanddata(数据)collection,soprivacyconcernsmayarise.

Eachcoinhastwosides,sodosmarthomes.It’suptoyoutodesignyourownlivingenvironment.

21.Whatisasmarthomeaccordingtothepassage?

A.Alivingspacewithbulbs.B.Alivingspacewithfridges.

C.Alivingspacewithwashingmachines.D.Alivingspacewithadvancedtechnology.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraphIreferto?

A.Asmarthome.B.Asmartspeaker.C.Asmartsystem.D.Asmartlock.

23.Whyaresmarthomesbecomingmoreandmorepopularthesedays?

A.Becausetheyfitallthepeople.

B.Becausetheymaycollectdataeasily.

C.Becausetheyarecheaperthanthetraditionalones.

D.Becausetheycanmakeyourlifesafe,convenientandenvironmentallyfriendly.

24.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?

A.B.C.D.

25.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyouprobablyreadthepassage?

A.Sports.B.Technology.C.Nature.D.Art.

（23·甘肃中考试题）

PencilsandPens

Nooneknowswhoinventedpencilsorwhenithappened.ASwissdescribeda

pencilinabookin1565.Hesaiditwasapieceofwoodwithleadinsideit.(Leadis

averyheavy,soft,darkgraymetal.)Pencilsweren’tpopular,andpeoplecontinued

towritewithpens.Theyusedbirdfeathersaspens.

Then,in1795,someonestartedmakingpencilsfromgraphite(石墨),andthey

becameverypopular.Onepencilcanwrite50,000Englishwordsormakealine55

kilometerslong.

Peoplewrotewithfeatherpensandthenusedpenswithmetalpoints.Theyhad

todip(蘸)thepointintoinkaftereveryfewletters.Next,someoneinventeda

fountainpenthatcouldholdinkinsideit.Afountainpencanwriteseveralpages

beforeyouhavetofillitagain.

TwoHungarianbrothers,LadislaoandGeorgBiro,inventedtheballpointpen.

Englishpilotslikedthepens.Theycouldn’twritewithfountainpensinairplanes

becausetheinkleakedout.Later,aFrenchcompanycalledBicboughttheBiros’

company.

Somepeoplecallballpointpens“Bics.”Australianscallthem“Biros.”

Whateverwecallthem,weusethemeveryday.

阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。

41.A________describedapencilin1565.

A.CanadianB.GermanC.SwissD.Japanese

42.Thefirstpenswere________.

A.feathersB.stoneC.graphiteD.wooden

43.Onepencilcanwrite________Englishwords.

A.1,795B.50,000C.55D.1,943

44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Afountainpencanholdinkinsideit.

B.Ballpointpenaregoodforwritinginairplanes.

C.Fountainpensmayleakink.

D.Biros’companyboughtBic.

45.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Weusepensandpencilseveryday.

B.Thereweremanykindsofpensbeforeballpointpens.

C.Pensandpenci