2025-2026学年高二上学期期末模拟卷01（外研版）（解析版）

2/22025-2026学年高二上学期期末模拟卷01英语·全解全析（满分150分，考试用时120分钟）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.测试范围：选择性必修一+选择性必修二（外研版）。4.难度系数：0.65。5.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C.1．Whatdoesthewomanmean?A．Themanneedstofinishthebook.B．Thebookisboring.C．Themanshouldcheckwithhisprofessor.【答案】A【原文】M:Thisbookisboring.I’vebeenreadingitallnight,butIreallydon’twanttofinishit.MaybeIshouldgetanotherbooktoread.W:Idon’tthinkthat’swhatyourprofessorhadinmindwhenhegaveyouthatassignment.2．Whatmaycausethewomantrouble?A．Missingaclass. B．Havingdinneroutside. C．Gettingbackhometoolate.【答案】C【原文】M:MaryandIwillgoouttodinnerafterclassonFriday.Canyougowithus?W:Yeah,sure.Butwhattimearewegoingtogoout?Ihavetobehomebyten,orI’llgetintotrouble.3．Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisjob?A．Heenjoysitverymuch. B．Hedoesn’tcaremuchaboutit. C．Hehatesworkinglate.【答案】A【原文】W:Youseemtohavealotofworktodoatyouroffice.You’realwaysstayinglateandworkingovertime.M:That’strue.Buttheworkisinteresting.Idon’tmindextrahoursatall.4．Howmanycourseswillthemantakenextsemester?A．Five. B．Six. C．Seven.【答案】C【原文】W:Howmanycoursesdidyoutakelastsemester?M:Six.AndIwilltakesevennextsemester.5．Howdoesthemansuggestthewomangotothestation?A．Bybus. B．Onfoot. C．Bytaxi.【答案】B【原文】W:Couldyoutellmehowtogettothetrainstation?Ihearthatit’sinthisdirection.M:Yes,itis.Youcaneithertakeabusorataxiheadingsouth,butitisnottoofar.IfIwereyou,I’dwalk.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatteadoesgoodtolungs?A．Greentea. B．Blacktea. C．Darktea.7．Howmuchwillthewomanpayfortwoboxesoftea?A．200yuan. B．300yuan. C．400yuan.【答案】6．A7．B【原文】M:CanIhelpyou?W:Yes.IknowChineseteaisfamousallovertheworld.Myfriendwantsmetotakesomeforhim.M:Therearevariouskindsofteainourshop.Whichkinddoyouprefer?W:Well,Idon’tknowChineseteaatall.M:Wehaveblackteaanddarktea.Ithasastrongtaste.W:Soundsinteresting.Whataboutthisone?M:It’sgreentea.Itisgoodforyourlungs.W:Soundsgreat.M:Thisboxis200yuan.Ifyouwanttwo,you’llget50%offforthesecond.W:OK.I’dliketotaketwoboxes.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8．Whoisillinthehospital?A．Jack’smother. B．Jack’sfather. C．Jack’swife.9．WhenwillJackprobablygotothehospital?A．Intheevening. B．Rightnow. C．Tomorrow.【答案】8．B9．A【原文】W:Jack,Ijustheardaboutyourfather.Howishedoing?M:He’sinthehospitalresting.Thedoctorshaven’tgivenaclearansweryet.W:I’msosorrytohearthat.Butthisisagoodhospital.I’msuretheywilldowhatevertheycan.M:Ihopeso.W:Youmustfeelreallyworriedrightnow.Butyouknowyourdadisafighter.M:Yeah.Ithinkmymomisthemostworried.I’mworriedabouthowsheisdoing.W:Whereissherightnow?M:She’sinthehospitalwithmydad.Ihavetogotothehospitaltonight.W:Hey,I’llgowithyou.M:Youdon’thaveto.W:It’sreallynoproblem.M:OK.Let’sgorightafterdinner.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．Onwhichdaywillthemanleave?A．The22nd. B．The23rd. C．The28th.11．WhichflightwillthemantakefromSaltLakeCitytoNewYork?A．FlightBA2007. B．FlightBA7001. C．FlightBA2710.12．HowlongwillthemanhavetowaitatKennedyAirport?A．Halfanhour. B．Oneandahalfhours. C．Twohours.【答案】10．A11．B12．B【原文】W:HolidayTravel!WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Hello!I’dliketobookaflighttoBerlinforthe23rdthismonth.W:OK.Letmeseewhat’savailable.Andwhenwillyoubereturning?M:Er,well,I’dliketocatchareturnflightonthe28th.Oh,andI’dlikethecheapestseatpossible.W:OK,letmesee.Hmm…theticketpriceismuchlowerifyouleaveonedayearlier.M:Isee.Howmuchisitforonedayearlier?W:It’sonly880dollars.M:Allright.ThenI’lltakethatflight.W:OK.That’sFlightBA7001,fromSaltLakeCitytoNewYorkKennedyAirport.ThenFlightBA2007fromKennedyAirporttoBerlin.ThefirstflightleavesSaltLakeCityat10:00am,andarrivesinNewYorkat4:15pm.Thenthe2ndflightleavesKennedyAirportat5:45pm.You’llarriveinBerlinat8:30amthenextday.M:Allright.Thanks.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Intheoffice. B．Inacar. C．Atschool.14．Whyisthemansleepy?A．Hedidn’tsleepwelllastnight.B．Hedidn’tsleepatalllastnight.C．Hesleptlatelastnight.15．What’swrongwiththeman’sfather?A．Hehassometroublewithhisheart.B．Hehasabadcough.C．Hehasachestpain.16．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Takemoremedicine. B．Dosomeexercise. C．Askforaleave.【答案】13．B14．B15．A16．C【原文】W:Takecare!Youaredrivingofftheroad.M:I’msorryIwasn’tnoticing.W:Youseemtobequitesleepy.Didyousleepwelllastnight?M:Ididn’tsleepthewholenight.W:Why?M:IwatchedTVuntilmidnight.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenmyfathersuddenlygotill.SoIhadtotakehimtothehospital.W:Isyourfatherseriouslyill?M:Yes,very.Thedoctorsayshehastostayinhospitalforsometime.W:Butwhat’swrongwithhim?M:Hehassomethingwrongwithhisheart.W:Whynotaskforleavethismorning?Isuggestyounotgotoworkthismorningandtakeagoodrestathome.M:No,Ican’t.I’mstillnewintheoffice.W:Then,letmedrivethecar.M:Thankyou.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．What’sthetopicofthespeech?A．Ideasaboutanaveragestudent.B．Largeforeignstudentpopulation.C．DifferentuniversitylivesinAmerica.18．Whydomanystudentstakepart-timeorfull-timejobs?A．Tobuyclothes. B．Topayoffstudentloan. C．Tosavemoneyforthefuture.19．Whomakesupthelargestforeignstudentpopulation?A．Chinese. B．Indian. C．German.20．Whomightbethelisteners?A．Professors. B．Freshmen. C．Parents.【答案】17．C18．B19．A20．B【原文】Goodmorning,everyone.TodayI’dliketogiveyousomeideasabouthowlifeatanAmericanuniversitymightbedifferentfromthatinyourowncountry.Tobesure,thebodyonaU.S.campusisaprettydiversegroupofpeople.First,youwillfindstudentsofallages.Althoughmoststudentsstartcollegeataroundtheageof18,youwillseestudentsintheir30sand40sandevenoccasionallyintheir60sand70s.StudentsonaU.S.campuscomefromawidevarietyofsocialandeconomicbackgrounds.Manystudentsworkatleastpart-time,someofthemworkfull-time,topayforthestudentloan.Thenumberofforeignstudentsislarge.TheycomefromCanada,China,Germany,Indiaandsoon,butthelargestpopulationisChinese.SoyoucanseethatonemeetsallkindsofpeopleonaU.S.collegeoruniversitycampus.Asanew-comer,myadviceforsuchadifferenceistorespect.Nowthatyouhavesomegeneralideaofthedifferentuniversitylifehere,I’dliketotalkafewminutesaboutwhatIthinkanaveragestudentisandthendiscusswithyouwhatatypicalclassmightbelike.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABOSTONMARATHONTRAININGPLANWelcometotheBostonMarathonTrainingPlan.DevelopedbytheBostonAthleticsAssociation(B．A．A．),thetrainingplanwillhelpguideyoutosuccess.Itisespeciallysuitableforthe2020BostonMarathoncompetitors,andisnotnecessarilyintendedforotherevents.TheplanstartsonThursday,November22,andendinonThursday,April11,2020.Therearefourlevelsoftrainingplansdesignedtohelpyou,whetheryouarerunningoverfivehoursorgoingforasub-threehourmarathon:•LevelOneisdesignedaroundrunninganaverageoffourdaysperweek.•LevelTwowillhaveyourunanaverageoffivedaysperweek.•LevelThreewillbeanaverageofsixdaysperweek.•LevelFourwillhaveyoutrainingsixtosevendaysperweek.Thestep-by-stepincreaseindailyandweeklyadvantageisdesignedtochallengeyouwhilealsoreducingtheriskoftrainingtoohard.Allfourplansbuildasolidbaseofrunningfitness,andwillhelptrytomaximizeyourracepotential.Aswithanytrainingplan,whatisoutlinedismerelyaguideonhowtobuildandarrangeyourweeklyrunningroutine.TheB．A．A．BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaterialisintendedtobeofgeneralinformationaluseandisnotintendedtobeanyfitnessormedicaladvice.Youshouldalwaysconsultaqualifiedandlicensedmedicalprofessionalbeforebeginningorchanginganyexerciseprogram.Pleaseusepersonaljudgmentwhenparticipatinginanytrainingorexerciseprogram.InformationcontainedwithintheB．A．A．BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaynotbereproducedoradaptedwithoutapprovedwrittenpermitsfromtheBostonAthleticAssociation.Goodlucktoallrunners.21．ThisBostonMarathonTrainingplanispurposelydesignedfor______.A．the2020BostonMarathonorganizers B．the2020BostonMarathonparticipantsC．the2020AmericanMarathoncompetitors D．the2020Marathonrunnersaroundtheworld22．Whatdoweknowaboutthefourlevelsofthetrainingplan?A．Theyaredesignedwithaflexibletimetable.B．Theyrequirestricttimeontraining.C．Theyaresuitableforrunnersofallages.D．Theycanhelpyoubuildandarrangeyourdailyrunningroutine.23．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A．Fourlevelstrainingplanenablesyoutomakethebestuseofyourpotential.B．Youshouldjudgebyyourselfwhichtrainingprogramsuitsyoubest.C．Youcanchangeyourtrainingplanundertheguidanceofyourmedicalprofessional.D．The2020BostonMarathonPlanoffersadviceonbothtrainingandrunningfitness.【答案】21．B22．A23．D【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则波士顿马拉松训练计划，介绍了训练计划的四个水平以及注意事项。21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Itisespeciallysuitableforthe2020BostonMarathoncompetitors,andisnotnecessarilyintendedforotherevents.(它特别适用于2020年波士顿马拉松赛的参赛者，并不一定适用于其他赛事)”可知，这次波士顿马拉松训练计划是专为2020年波士顿马拉松选手设计的。故选B。22．推理判断题。根据“•LevelOneisdesignedaroundrunninganaverageoffourdaysperweek.•LevelTwowillhaveyourunanaverageoffivedaysperweek.•LevelThreewillbeanaverageofsixdaysperweek.•LevelFourwillhaveyoutrainingsixtosevendaysperweek.(•第一级的设计是平均每周跑步4天。•二级要求你平均每周跑步5天。•第三级是平均每周6天。•四级会让你每周训练6到7天)”以及倒数第三段中“Thestep-by-stepincreaseindailyandweeklyadvantageisdesignedtochallengeyouwhilealsoreducingtheriskoftrainingtoohard.(每天和每周逐步增加的优势是为了挑战你，同时也减少过度训练的风险)”可推知，训练计划的四个水平的时间表是灵活的。故选A。23．细节理解题。根据第四段中“TheB.A.A.BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaterialisintendedtobeofgeneralinformationaluseandisnotintendedtobeanyfitnessormedicaladvice.(B.A.A.波士顿马拉松训练计划材料的目的是为了提供一般的信息，而不是为了提供任何健身或医疗建议)”可知，D选项“2020年波士顿马拉松计划提供了训练和跑步健身方面的建议”不正确。故选D。BThedogismovingthroughthegrass,closelyfollowedbybearbiologistCarrieHunt,whoisobservinghisreactionsasheseesthegrizzlybearcarcass(尸体)forthefirsttime.“Findit,”saysHunt,encouragingthetwo-month-oldpuppy.Thepuppy’searsandtailareupasheapproachesthebear,butwiththeconfidencethatHuntislookingforinabearconflictdog.ThisisaKarelianbeardog,atypeofanimalknowntobefearlessandcapableofstandinguptolargemammals.Peopleonceusedthemtohunt.Today,Huntisusingthemtokeepbearsalive.Karelianpuppiesundergoaseriesofprocedureswheretrainersteachthemtherightbehavioursandevaluatetheirpersonalityandhowtheyreact.Just20%willmakethecutasbearconflictdogs.Whenready,theyaredistributedacrossNorthAmerica—forexample,workingwiththeAlaskafireservicetokeepfirefighterssafeandreducethenumberofbearskilled.InAmerica,bearsliveinlandscapeswherethehumanfootprintisexpanding.Consequently,peopleandpredators(捕食性动物)areforcedtosharespace,settingthestageforincreasedconflicts.Historically,wildlifemanagerstriedtoscarebearsawaywithnoisemakersandrubberbullets(子弹),butthatdidnotalwayswork.Nowthewildlifedepartmentisemployingdogs.Whenabeardarestocometooclose,thedogschaseitawayinabriefpursuit.“Forthebear,itisabadexperience,”Huntsays.Bearsareborntobewaryofanimalsofthedogfamilyaswolvescankilltheirbabies.Thelessontaughtbythedogsisonethatthebearsseemtoremember.Astudyfoundthatbearsthathadencounterswithbeardogsspentlesstimeinurbanareas.“ThedogsmakemeabetterbiologistbecausetheyallowmetokeepbearsinthelandscapeaslongasIpossiblycan,ratherthanhavingtokillandremovethem,”Huntsays.24．Whatdoyouthinkofthedogfromhisreactionatthefirstsightofthecarcass?A．Observantandaggressive.B．Mindfulbutfearful.C．Determinedandskilled.D．Cautiousbutbrave.25．Whatdoweknowaboutthetraining?A．Itstartswithdogsrecognizingbearcarcasses.B．Averysmallpercentagesurvivestheselection.C．Personalitytestsreallyweighthemostheavily.D．Firefightersteamedwithdogsfurtherthetraining.26．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“bewaryof”mostprobablymean?A．Bewatchfulof. B．Beashamedof.C．Beenviousof. D．Befondof.27．Whatisthepurposeoftrainingthebearconflictdogs?A．Tokeepmorebeardogsalive.B．Toevaluatethetrainingprocedures.C．Totrainwould-bebiologists.D．Toresolvehuman-animalconflicts.【答案】24．D25．B26．A27．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生物学家通过培训狗来赶走熊，以此减少人熊冲突。24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thepuppy’searsandtailareupasheapproachesthebear,butwiththeconfidencethatHuntislookingforinabearconflictdog.(当这只小狗接近熊时，它的耳朵和尾巴都竖起来了，但亨特在熊对抗犬身上寻找到了自信。)及第二段中“ThisisaKarelianbeardog,atypeofanimalknowntobefearlessandcapableofstandinguptolargemammals.(这是一只卡累利阿熊狗，一种以无所畏惧和能够对抗大型哺乳动物而闻名的动物。)”可知，这只狗第一眼看到尸体时它谨慎但勇敢。故选D。25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Just20%willmakethecutasbearconflictdogs.(只有20%的狗会成为熊冲突犬。)”可知，只有很小的一部分狗通过了选拔。故选B。26．词句猜测题。根据第四段划线短语后的“aswolvescankilltheirbabies(因为狼会杀死它们的孩子)”可知犬类动物会吃掉熊仔，所以熊对犬类动物就特别小心警惕。A.Bewatchfulof警惕，提防；B.Beashamedof感到羞愧；C.Beenviousof.羡慕；D.Befondof喜欢。故选A。27．推理判断题。根据第四段中“InAmerica,bearsliveinlandscapeswherethehumanfootprintisexpanding.

Consequently,peopleandpredators(捕食性动物)areforcedtosharespace,settingthestageforincreasedconflicts.

Historically,wildlifemanagerstriedtoscarebearsawaywithnoisemakersandrubberbullets(子弹),butthatdidnotalwayswork.

Nowthewildlifedepartmentisemployingdogs.

Whenabeardarestocometooclose,thedogschaseitawayinabriefpursuit.(在美国，熊生活在人类足迹不断扩大的地区。因此，人类和掠食者被迫共享空间，为不断增加的冲突创造了条件。从历史上看，野生动物管理者试图用噪音制造者和橡皮子弹来吓跑熊，但这并不总是奏效。现在野生动物部门正在雇佣狗。当熊敢靠得太近时，狗会短暂地把它赶走。)”和最后一段““ThedogsmakemeabetterbiologistbecausetheyallowmetokeepbearsinthelandscapeaslongasIpossiblycan,ratherthanhavingtokillandremovethem,”Huntsays.(亨特说:“这些狗让我成为了一个更好的生物学家，因为它们让我尽可能长时间地把熊留在这片土地上，而不是杀死和带走它们。”)”可知，生物学家通过培训狗来赶走熊，以此减少人熊冲突。故选D。CAnyonewithinsomniaknowstheimpatienceandfrustrationthataccompaniessleeplessness.Youlongforabuttonthatcouldinstantlydampenallthatmentalactivity.Theideaofamentalswitchisnotfar-fetched.Mostneuroscientistsnowagreethatourwakefulnessiscoordinatedbyatinybundleofneurons(一小束神经元)knownasthe“locuscoeruleus”(LC),Latinfor“bluedot”.Itisaliteraldescription:theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleushavethebluecolourfromtheproductionofaparticularneurotransmitter,callednorepinephrine.Norepinephrineraisesthechancethataneuronwill“fire”withanelectriccurrent.Whentheybecomeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrain-enhancingthecommunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.Thereareslightdifferencesintheprocess.Dependingonthetypesofreceptorstheyhave,someneuronsaremoresensitivetosmalleramountsofnorepinephrine,whileothersonlyrespondtohigherthresholds.Thismeansthat,asthelocuscoeruleusactivityrises,itwillstarttoaffectsomebrainareasmorethanothers,whichcanhavedramaticeffectsonthingslikeourfocus,concentrationandcreativity.Giventhebluedot’srole,itmakessensethatitwouldbequietestatnightduringsleep.Itisnotentirelysilent,however,butfiresoccasionally-andrecentresearchbyAnitaLüthiattheUniversityofLausannesuggeststhatthisactivitymaydeterminethequalityofoursleeps.Acrossthenight,wealternatebetweendifferentsleepstages.Thereis“rapideyemovement”(REM)sleep,whichisassociatedwithvividdreamingandisthoughttobecrucialforprocessingandconsolidatingmemories.Muchofourrest,however,isspentinnon-REM(NREM)sleep,duringwhichthebrainmayengageinadeepclean,clearingawaycellularwaste.Measuringbrainactivityindozingmice,AnitafoundNREMsleepwasassociatedwithtemporaryburstsoflocuscoeruleusactivityevery50seconds.Asaresult,theanimalwasmoresensitivetooutsidestimuli,likenoises-withoutfullywaking.“It’sgeneratingthisstateofenhancedvigilance(警觉),”Anitasays.“Itreallygivesyouthisideathatwakefulnesscanbegradedinthebrain.”ThebeginningofREMsleepwasalmostalwaysassociatedwithlowlocuscoeruleusactivity.“ThattransitiontoREMsleephastobeverywellcontrolled,”saysAnita,“becauseinREMsleep,wehaveatonia.”That’sthetemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofourbody,whichpreventsusfromphysicallyactingoutourdreams.Anitaemphasisesthatherexperimentswereconductedinmice,sowestillneedtoconfirmthatthebluedotplaysasimilarroleinhumansleep.Ifso,shesuspectsthatalteredlocuscoeruleusactivitycouldbeimplicatedinconditions—suchasanxiety—thatmaycontributetodisorderedsleep.Shefoundthatexposingherlaboratorymicetomildsourcesofstress—suchasknockingontheircage—raisedthebluedot’sactivityandincreasedtheirvigilancethroughoutthenight,resultinginfragmentedsleep.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A．Neurons. B．Electriccurrents.C．Projections. D．Neurotransmitters.29．Accordingtothepassage,whatistheroleoftheLC?A．Producingreceptors. B．Preservingcellsensitivity.C．Monitoringbrainactivity. D．Improvingneuralconnectivity.30．WhichofthefollowingmayAnitaLüthiagreewith?A．Thebluedotfiresregularlyatnight.B．StresshasanimpactontheLCactivity.C．LowLCactivitycanhelpcleancellularwaste.D．Atoniaresultsfromsuddenburstsofbrainactivity.31．Whatmightbethenextstepoftheresearch?A．Gradingthewakefulnessofhumanbrains.B．Unlockingthemechanismofsleepdisorder.C．Assessingthefunctionofthebluedotonhumans.D．IdentifyingapproachestoalteringtheLCactivity.【答案】28．A29．D30．B31．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蓝斑核在睡眠和觉醒中的作用及其相关研究。28．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Itisaliteraldescription:theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleushavethebluecolourfromtheproductionofaparticularneurotransmitter,callednorepinephrine.Norepinephrineraisesthechancethataneuronwill‘fire’withanelectriccurrent.Whentheybecomeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrain-enhancingthecommunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.(这是一个直白的描述：蓝斑核中的神经元因产生一种名为去甲肾上腺素的特殊神经递质而呈现蓝色。去甲肾上腺素增加了神经元通过电流“放电”的可能性。当它们变得活跃时，蓝斑核中的细胞会沿着它们的投射将这种神经递质束传递到大脑的其他区域，从而增强该区域神经元之间的交流)”可知，“they”指代的是前文中提到的“theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleus”，即“Neurons(神经元)”。故选A。29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whentheybecomeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrain-enhancingthecommunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.(当它们变得活跃时，蓝斑核中的细胞会沿着它们的突起将一束束这种神经递质传递到大脑的其他区域，增强该区域神经元之间的通信)”可知，蓝斑核（LC）的作用是改善神经连接，增强神经元之间的通信。故选D。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Shefoundthatexposingherlaboratorymicetomildsourcesofstress—suchasknockingontheircage—raisedthebluedot’sactivityandincreasedtheirvigilancethroughoutthenight,resultinginfragmentedsleep.(她发现，让实验小鼠暴露于轻微的压力源下，比如敲它们的笼子，会提高蓝斑核的活动水平，并增加它们整晚的警觉性，导致睡眠碎片化)”可知，AnitaLüthi可能会同意B选项“压力对蓝斑核活动有影响”。故选B。31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Anitaemphasisesthatherexperimentswereconductedinmice,sowestillneedtoconfirmthatthebluedotplaysasimilarroleinhumansleep.(Anita强调，她的实验是在小鼠身上进行的，所以我们仍然需要确认蓝斑核在人类睡眠中是否扮演类似的角色)”可知，下一步的研究可能是评估蓝斑核在人类身上的功能。故选C。DWhenGhanaianphotojournalistPaulNinsoninitiallypursuedacareerinphotography,hefoundthechallengediscouraging.Photographyisn’texactlyvaluedasacareerinGhana,Ninsonsays,“Ifyoutellyourparentsyou’regoingtobeaphotographer,itwaslike,‘Yuck,what?Gobealawyer.’”ButNinsonfeltphotographywashiscalling.Deeplyinfluencedbythefamilyhistoryofstorytellingpasseddownthroughhisgrandparentsandlaterattractedbyafriend’simages,hedevelopedaloveforphotography.Hesoldhismobilephone,boughtacameraandbeganstudyingphotography.ThoughNinsonbeganhisjourneywithcommercialphotography,hesoonshiftedhisfocustostoriesclosertohisheart-thoseofAfricanhistoryandculturethathewouldcaptureasaphotojournalist.Ninsonstillsoughtformaleducationinphotojournalism.UnabletofindasuitableprograminAfrica,heleftGhanain2019tostudyinNewYorkCity.There,hereadthecenter’shundredsofphotobooks.InGhana,heonlyhadaccesstofiveorsixofsuchbooks.Asheventureddeeperintothecity,hediscoveredmorevisualhistoriesofAfricathanhehadexperiencedathome,suchasdocumentationofGhana’sfirstpresidentattheNewYorkPublicLibrary.ThelibrariesNinsonvisitedwereunwillingtogivehimtheirarchives(档案)toreturntoAfrica,whichledtohisideaofcreatingaleadingphotobooklibraryinAfricathatheldsuchstories.ThisideahasbeenrealizedwiththecreationofDikanCenterinAccra,Ghana’scapital.InGhanaianartistDaniellaAfful’seyes,DikanCenteristhebeginningofforthegrowthofGhana’screativecommunity,“DikanCenterhasmagnified(放大)artandphotography.DikanCenterhaskindofgivenusthehopethatwemaysoonhaveamusiclibraryandwecouldhaveafilmlibraryinGhana—anythingjusttopreserveourhistoryandmakehistory.”32．HowdidNinson’sgrandparentsaffecthiscareerchoice?A．TheyboughtacameraforNinson.B．Theyaskedhimtoconsulthisfriend.C．Theycarriedonthestorytellingtradition.D．Theyshowedmanyphotosofhisfamily.33．WhydidNinsongotoAmerica?A．Hedesiredforchancestobetterhimself.B．Hehuntedformoreapproachestoculture.C．Heplannedtosellhundredsofphotobooks.D．Hewantedtoreturntocommercialphotography.34．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNinson?A．Innovativeandhard-working. B．Generousandcaring.C．Optimisticandhumorous. D．Braveandoutgoing.35．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A．TocallonpeopletobuildmorelibrariesinGhana.B．TopromotethedevelopmentofartinGhana.C．TohighlightthesignificanceofDikanCenter.D．TodiscussthechallengesofpreservingAfricanhistory.【答案】32．C33．A34．A35．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加纳摄影记者PaulNinson克服社会偏见，坚持摄影梦想，并通过创立DikanCenter保存和传播非洲历史文化，激励了加纳创意社区的发展。32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Deeplyinfluencedbythefamilyhistoryofstorytellingpasseddownthroughhisgrandparentsandlaterattractedbyafriend’simages,hedevelopedaloveforphotography.(深受祖父母传承下来的家族叙事传统影响，后来又被朋友的摄影作品所吸引，他逐渐爱上了摄影)”可知，Ninson的祖父母通过传承讲故事的传统，影响了他选择摄影作为职业。故选C项。33．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ninsonstillsoughtformaleducationinphotojournalism.UnabletofindasuitableprograminAfrica,heleftGhanain2019tostudyinNewYorkCity.(Ninson仍在寻求新闻摄影方面的正规教育。由于在非洲找不到合适的课程项目，他于2019年离开加纳前往纽约求学)”可知，Ninson去美国是为了接受更好的教育，提升自己的摄影技能。故选A项。34．推理判断题。根据第五段中“ThelibrariesNinsonvisitedwereunwillingtogivehimtheirarchives(档案)toreturntoAfrica,whichledtohisideaofcreatingaleadingphotobooklibraryinAfricathatheldsuchstories.ThisideahasbeenrealizedwiththecreationofDikanCenterinAccra,Ghana’scapital.(Ninson走访的图书馆都不愿将馆藏档案交给他带回非洲，这促使他萌生了一个想法：在非洲建立一个能够保存这些影像故事的顶级摄影图书馆。这个构想最终在加纳首都阿克拉得以实现——DikanCenter由此诞生)”可知，Ninson创立了DikanCenter，旨在保存非洲的历史和文化，这是一种创新举措；根据第二段中“Hesoldhismobilephone,boughtacameraandbeganstudyingphotography.(他卖掉了自己的手机，买了一台相机，开始学习摄影)”和第四段中“UnabletofindasuitableprograminAfrica,heleftGhanain2019tostudyinNewYorkCity.There,hereadthecenter’shundredsofphotobooks.(由于在非洲找不到合适的课程项目，他于2019年离开加纳前往纽约求学。在那里，他研读了该中心收藏的数百本摄影集)”可知，他卖掉手机购买相机，远赴纽约学习，阅读大量摄影书籍，都体现了他的勤奋。故选A项。35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“InGhanaianartistDaniellaAfful’seyes,DikanCenteristhebeginningofforthegrowthofGhana’screativecommunity,“DikanCenterhasmagnified(放大)artandphotography.DikanCenterhaskindofgivenusthehopethatwemaysoonhaveamusiclibraryandwecouldhaveafilmlibraryinGhana—anythingjusttopreserveourhistoryandmakehistory.”(在加纳艺术家DaniellaAfful眼中，DikanCenter是加纳创意社群发展的火种。“DikanCenter放大了艺术与摄影的价值。它让我们看到了希望——或许很快我们就能在加纳建立音乐图书馆、电影图书馆，任何能保存历史、创造历史的载体。”)”可知，最后一段通过加纳艺术家DaniellaAfful的视角，强调DikanCenter对加纳创意社区的激励作用，并提到它给人们带来希望。因此，作者是在强调DikanCenter的重要性和影响力。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheSundayscariesrefertoanover-whelmingfeelingoffearandanxietyaboutgoingtoworkorschoolthenextday.36ButeventhoughtheSundayscariesarecommon,theyaremanageable.Here’showexpertssayyoucaneaseyourend-of-weekendanxiety.StructureyourSunday.StructurecanbeabestfriendwhenfeelingtheSundayscaries.Insteadofsittingonthecouchandwatchingtheclock,gotodosomethingthatyouenjoy.Youmightstillgetasenseoffear.37Thus,youshouldanticipatetheweekendasatimetorelax,connectwithfriendsandfamily,andaddressitemsfromato-dolistthatgetneglectedduringtheworkweek.Don’tforgettorelax.WhenstructuringyourSunday,trynottostuffinlargequantitiesofbusinessandchores.38Whateverfeelslikeahelpfuldistractiontoreviveyourselfcanbeadopted,maybeabodymeditation,maybeamidafternoonbath,maybeanengagingshow.39Anxietyisanormalhumanexperience,andoneofthemainwaystomanageitistofindoutyourpersonaltriggers.Soyouneedtopinpointwhat’sreallycausingyoutofeartheweek—Isitadeadline?meeting?Orpresentation?Also,itisnecessarytocreatemultipleto-dolists,whichcanhelpputintoperspectivewh