专题02 非谓语动词作主、宾、表语（方法技巧+高考模拟）（期末复习讲义）（解析版）

3/3专题02非谓语作主、宾、表语（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点考情分析2025浙江卷动名词（doing）作主语【考向透视】①固定搭配（如只接doing的enjoy/avoid、只接todo的hope/decide、接两者含义不同的remember/regret等）；②句型规则（如it作形式主语/宾语的结构、“动词+疑问词+todo”）；③含义适配（doing表习惯性/等同关系，todo表具体/目的关系，分词表主语状态）；④易错边界（介词to与不定式符号to的区分、非谓语作表语与进行时/被动语态的混淆）。【复习目标】熟记主宾表相关的3类核心动词搭配清单（只接doing、只接todo、接两者含义不同），做到看到动词快速反应正确非谓语形式，避免“decidedoing”“lookforwardtomeet”等基础错误。新高考II卷不定式（todo）作宾语2024新高考I卷动名词（doing）作宾语全国甲卷不定式（todo）作表语2023北京卷动名词（doing）作表语新高考II卷不定式（todo）作主语非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语知识点01非谓语动词作主语动名词（doing）：表示“习惯性、经常性、抽象性的动作”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。例句：Swimmingismyfavoritesport.游泳是我最喜欢的运动。——抽象动作Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.在阳光下看书对你的眼睛不好。——习惯性动作不定式（todo）：表示“具体的、一次性的、将来的动作”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，常与形式主语it连用（itis+形容词/名词+todo），避免句子头重脚轻。例句：Tofinishtheworkontimeisdifficult.按时完成这项工作很难。——具体动作ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.学好英语很重要。——it作形式主语，真正主语是tolearnEnglishwell特殊结构：①Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.（做某事没用/没好处）；②Itisuselessdoingsth.（做某事无用）。・对比差异：doing作主语表“常态”，todo作主语表“具体”。【即时检测】____________________(read)Englisheverymorningishelpful.Itisnecessary____________________(finish)thehomeworkbeforedinner.____________________(swim)intheriverisdangerous.Itisnouse____________________(complain)abouttheresult.____________________(learn)aforeignlanguagetakestimeandeffort.Itisimportant____________________(obey)thetrafficrules.【答案】1.Reading2.tofinish3.Swimming4.complaining5.Learning6.toobey知识点02非谓语动词作宾语（1）只能接动名词（doing）作宾语的动词常见动词：enjoy、avoid、mind、practise、finish、suggest、keep、miss、consider、admit、escape、risk等。接动名词（doing）口诀：“享受避免介意练，完成建议别错过；承认考虑冒风险，逃脱坚持不放弃”对应单词：enjoy（享受）、avoid（避免）、mind（介意）、practise（练习）、finish（完成）、suggest（建议）、miss（错过）、admit（承认）、consider（考虑）、risk（冒险）、escape（逃脱）、keep（坚持）、giveup（放弃，拓展）例句：Sheenjoyslisteningtomusic.她喜欢听音乐。（2）只能接不定式（todo）作宾语的动词常见动词：want、hope、wish、decide、plan、try、attempt、offer、promise、refuse、manage、afford等。接不定式（todo）口诀：“想要希望决定办，承诺拒绝试着干；努力学习设法做，负担得起要计划”对应单词：want（想要）、hope（希望）、decide（决定）、promise（承诺）、refuse（拒绝）、try（试图）、study（学习，拓展）、manage（设法）、afford（负担得起）、plan（计划）例句：Hewantstogotocollege.他想上大学。（3）既能接doing又能接todo，含义不同的动词特殊差异动词口诀：“记牢忘记与后悔，动作已过用doing；要做未做用todo，停止做事用doing，停下做事去另干，必须加上todo”对应单词：remember/forget/regret（记牢/忘记/后悔）、stop（停止）rememberdoingsth.（记得做过某事，动作已发生）；remembertodosth.（记得要做某事，动作未发生）。forgetdoingsth.（忘记做过某事）；forgettodosth.（忘记要做某事）。regretdoingsth.（后悔做过某事）；regrettodosth.（遗憾要做某事，多接tell/inform等）stopdoingsth.（停止正在做的事）；stoptodosth.（停下来去做另一件事）。（4）介词后接动名词（doing）作宾语常见介词：in、on、at、for、of、about、without、after、before等。例句：Sheisgoodatsinging.她擅长唱歌。【即时检测】Sheenjoys____________________(dance)inherfreetime.Hedecided____________________(visit)hisgrandparentsthisweekend.Don’tforget____________________(lock)thedoorwhenyouleave.Sheisafraidof____________________(speak)inpublic.Hestopped____________________(watch)TVandbegantostudy.Iregret____________________(tell)youthatthemeetingiscancelled.【答案】1.dancing2.tovisit3.tolock4.speaking5.watching6.totell知识点03非谓语动词作表语动名词（doing）：表示“主语的内容、性质或习惯性动作”，与主语是对等关系。例句：Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.我的爱好是集邮。不定式（todo）：表示“主语的具体内容、目的或将来的动作”，与主语是对等关系。例句：Mygoalistopassthecollegeentranceexam.我的目标是通过高考。过去分词（done）：表示“主语的状态或感受”，多为形容词化的过去分词。例句：Heisexcitedaboutthenews.他对这个消息感到兴奋。对比差异：doing作表语表“常态/抽象”，todo作表语表“具体/将来”。【即时检测】Herdreamis____________________(become)adoctor.Myfavoriteactivityis____________________(swim)inthesummer.Thechildis____________________(frighten)ofthedark.Themainthingis____________________(keep)calminanemergency.Hisjobis____________________(repair)cars.Thenewsis____________________(surprise)toallofus.【答案】1.tobecome2.swimming3.frightened4.tokeep5.repairing6.surprising易｜错｜点｜拨易错点1：接doing与todo的动词混淆规避方法：分类记忆核心动词清单，用“口诀辅助”——“享受避免介意练，完成建议别错过（接doing）；想要希望决定办，承诺拒绝试着干（接todo）”。例：错误：Heenjoystosing.正确：Heenjoyssinging.易错点2：形式主语it后误用doing规避方法：牢记“itis+普通形容词（important/difficult等）+todo”，仅“itisnouse/good/useless+doing”是例外。例：错误：ItisimportantlearningEnglish.正确：ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.易错点3：特殊差异动词（remember/stop等）的含义混淆规避方法：用“时间轴”判断——①动作已发生：remember/forget/regret+doing；②动作未发生：remember/forget/regret+todo；③停止当前动作：stop+doing；④转做他事：stop+todo。例：错误：Istoppedtosmoke.（想表达“戒烟”）正确：Istoppedsmoking.易错点4：介词后误用todo规避方法：先判断空格前的词是否为介词（尤其是to，注意区分“介词to”和“不定式符号to”）。常见“介词to”短语：beusedto、lookforwardto、devoteto、payattentionto。例：错误：Sheislookingforwardtoseeyou.正确：Sheislookingforwardtoseeingyou.易错点5：作表语时doing与done的混淆规避方法：记“ing表主动/令人…，ed表被动/感到…”。例：错误：Heisexciting.正确：Heisexcited.（他感到兴奋）；Thenewsisexciting.（消息令人兴奋）解｜题｜技｜巧1.第一步：定功能——明确非谓语的语法功能（主语/宾语/表语）①作主语：看句子开头或形式主语it后（itis+形容词+空格）；②作宾语：看空格前是否有动词（如enjoy/want）或介词（如in/of）；③作表语：看空格前是否有be动词（am/is/are/was/were）。2.第二步：记搭配——精准区分接doing/todo的动词/结构①接doing的核心清单：enjoy、avoid、mind、finish、suggest、practise、keep、miss、介词后；②接todo的核心清单：want、hope、decide、plan、try、promise、refuse、manage；③特殊差异动词：remember/forget/regret/stop（按“动作是否发生/是否转做他事”区分）。3.第三步：判含义——根据动作属性选doing或todo①表“习惯、抽象、常态”：选doing（作主语/表语）；②表“具体、一次性、将来”：选todo（作主语/宾语/表语）；③作表语表“状态/感受”：选done（形容词化过去分词）。4.第四步：看结构——识别形式主语/介词后的特殊要求①形式主语it后：必接todo（除itisnouse/gooddoing）；②介词后：无论作何种成分，必接doing；③被动结构中：非谓语形式不变（如beusedtodoing，to是介词，仍接doing）。基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）.____________________(run)isgoodforourhealth.Shewants____________________(buy)anewdress.Itiseasy____________________(learn)Englishwell.Heenjoys____________________(play)footballafterschool.Mydreamis____________________(be)ateacher.Don’tforget____________________(bring)yourhomeworktomorrow.Sheisafraidof____________________(go)outaloneatnight.Itisnouse____________________(cry)overspiltmilk.Hedecided____________________(stay)athometoday.Herjobis____________________(cook)forthefamily.Theyfinished____________________(do)theirhomeworkontime.Iremember____________________(meet)youatthepartylastyear.Thedooris____________________(close)now.Shestopped____________________(talk)whentheteachercamein.Itisimportant____________________(obey)therules.Heleftwithout____________________(say)goodbye.【答案】1.Running2.tobuy3.tolearn4.playing5.tobe6.tobring7.going8.crying9.tostay10.cooking11.doing12.meeting13.closed14.talking15.toobey16.saying重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）Whenhefinished____________________(read)thenovel,hewroteareviewaboutit.Itisstrangethatsherefused____________________(accept)theinvitationfromherbestfriend.Theboywhoisgoodat____________________(draw)wonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.Shehopes____________________(travel)aroundtheworldaftershegraduatesfromcollege.Whathelikesmostis____________________(play)thepianointhequietevening.Heregretted____________________(notstudy)hardwhenhewasyoung.Itisnogood____________________(argue)withhimbecauseheisverystubborn.Thegirldecided____________________(learn)asecondlanguagesothatshecanfindabetterjob.After____________________(finish)hiswork,hehelpedhismotherwiththehousework.Themainreasonwhyhecamehereis____________________(ask)foryourhelp.Sheislookingforwardto____________________(see)herparentsduringtheholiday.Hestopped____________________(drink)coffeebecauseitmadehimunabletosleep.Itisnecessaryforus____________________(keep)abalanceddiettostayhealthy.Themanwhowasaccusedof____________________(steal)moneywastakentothepolicestation.【答案】1.reading2.toaccept3.drawing4.totravel5.playing6.notstudying7.arguing8.tolearn9.finishing10.toask11.seeing12.drinking13.tokeep14.stealing易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）Iremember____________________(meet)youbefore.（meet/met/tomeet）Shewants____________________(go)totheparktomorrow.（go/going/togo）Itisimportant____________________(study)hardeveryday.（study/studying/tostudy）Hestopped____________________(eat)andbegantowork.（eat/eating/toeat）Myhobbyis____________________(collect)stamps.（collect/collecting/tocollect）Don’tforget____________________(turn)offthelight.（turn/turning/toturn）Sheisgoodat____________________(sing)songs.（sing/singing/tosing）Iregret____________________(tell)youthebadnews.（tell/telling/totell）Itisnouse____________________(complain)abouttheweather.（complain/complaining/tocomplain）Hedecided____________________(notgo)totheparty.（notgo/notgoing/nottogo）Herjobis____________________(teach)English.（teach/teaching/toteach）Heremembered____________________(lock)thedoor,butitwasstillopen.（lock/locking/tolock）Sheleftwithout____________________(say)goodbye.（say/saying/tosay）Thechildis____________________(frighten)ofdogs.（frighten/frightening/frightened）Itisdifficult____________________(finish)theworkinsuchashorttime.（finish/finishing/tofinish）【答案】1.meeting2.togo3.tostudy4.eating5.collecting6.toturn7.singing8.totell9.complaining10.nottogo11.teaching12.locking13.saying14.frightened15.tofinish链接高考（测试时间：15分钟）1.（2025年全国一卷・模拟题）Itisimportant____________________(learn)aboutChinesetraditio