专题04 选择性必修第二册Unit 4~6 单元词汇短语句型梳理（高考高频词+高考真题）（期末复习知识清单）（默写版）

3/7专题04选择性必修第二册4~6单元词汇短语句型梳理清单清单01词类转换(变出精彩，举一反三)※1.____________v.保护；保存→____________n.保护；保存→____________adj.保守的；传统的→____________adv.保守地2.____________v.创新；革新→____________n.创新；革新→____________adj.创新的；革新的→____________n.创新者；革新者3.____________v.提倡；拥护n.倡导者；支持者→____________n.倡导；拥护→____________adj.倡导的；支持的※4.____________v.管理；规范；调节→____________n.规则；管理→____________adj.管理的；监管的→____________n.管理者；调节器※5.____________v.谈判；协商→____________n.谈判；协商→____________n.谈判者；协商者→____________adj.可协商的6.____________v.促进；使便利→____________n.促进；便利→____________adj.促进性的→____________n.促进者；协调者7.____________v.迁移；迁徙→____________n.迁移；迁徙→____________n.移民；迁徙动物→____________adj.迁移的；迁徙的8.____________v.使改变形态；使改观→____________n.转变；变革→____________adj.变革性的；转换的※9.____________v.支配；主导→____________n.支配；统治→____________adj.占主导地位的→____________adv.主要地10.____________v.使稳定；稳固→____________n.稳定；稳固→____________adj.稳定的；稳固的→____________adv.稳定地※11.____________v.合作；协作→____________n.合作；协作→____________adj.合作的；协作的→____________n.合作者12.____________v.模拟；模仿→____________n.模拟；仿真→____________adj.模拟的；仿造的→____________n.模拟器13.____________v.积累；积聚→____________n.积累；积聚→____________adj.累积的；渐增的→____________adj.累积的14.____________v.证明……正当；为……辩护→____________n.正当理由；辩护→____________adj.有正当理由的→____________adj.可辩解的15.____________v.分类；归类→____________n.分类；类别→____________adj.分类的；机密的→____________n.分类器16.____________v.通知；告知→____________n.通知；告知→____________adj.已通知的→____________adj.须报告的17.____________v.优化；使最优化→____________n.优化→____________adj.最佳的；最优的→____________adv.最佳地18.____________v.繁荣；兴旺→____________n.繁荣；兴旺→____________adj.繁荣的；成功的→____________adv.繁荣地19.____________v.抑制；约束→____________n.抑制；约束→____________adj.克制的；受约束的→____________adj.抑制的20.____________v.代替；替代n.替代品；代用品→____________n.代替；替换→____________adj.可替代的21.____________v.核实；证实→____________n.核实；证实→____________adj.可核实的；可证实的→____________adj.已核实的※22.____________v.违反；违背→____________n.违反；违背→____________n.违反者；违背者→____________adj.可违反的清单清单02识词知意(厚积薄发，熟能生巧)1.breakthroughn.____________；____________2.boundaryn.____________；____________；____________3.conquerv.____________；____________；____________4.obstaclen.____________；____________；____________5.persistv.____________；____________；____________6.endurev.____________；____________；____________7.delicateadj.____________；____________；____________8.fragileadj.____________；____________；____________9.preservev.____________；____________；____________10.conservev.____________；____________；____________11.ecosystemn.____________；____________12.balancen.____________；____________；v.____________13.restorev.____________；____________；____________14.survivaln.____________；____________；____________15.adaptv.____________；____________；____________16.toleratev.____________；____________；____________17.withstandv.____________；____________；____________18.crisisn.____________；____________；____________19.urgentadj.____________；____________；____________20.vitaladj.____________；____________21.resilientadj.____________；____________；____________22.sustainableadj.____________；____________清单清单03高频短语(积少成多，活学活用)1.____________突破；冲破；取得重大进展2.____________拓展界限；突破局限3.____________克服限制；突破束缚4.____________取得突破；获得重大进展5.____________致力于；献身于6.____________追求；寻求7.____________尽管困难重重；不顾一切8.____________冒险；承担风险9.____________保护……免受伤害10.____________保护生物多样性11.____________对……敏感；易受影响12.____________处于……边缘；濒临13.____________节约自然资源14.____________威胁生态系统15.____________预防；防范16.____________为生存而战17.____________适应恶劣环境18.____________靠……生存；依赖……维持生命19.____________在危机时刻；危难之际20.____________与……作斗争；对抗21.____________迎接挑战；挺身而出22.____________竭尽全力生存清单清单04高频句型(精彩句型，句句精彩)1.Itis/was...that...强调句型ItwasLincolnwhogavethenationanewvisionofwhatAmericashouldbebasedontheidealssetdownbyitsFoundingFathers.正是林肯根据开国元勋们确立的理想，给了国家一个关于美国应该是什么样子的新愿景。2.make/find/feel/think+it+adj.+that...形式宾语结构Theincidentmadeitclearthattherat,mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall.这一事件清楚表明，老鼠和兔子的问题需要彻底解决。3.分词短语作状语Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen,thegreedythiefdidn’thesitate.看到车窗开着的汽车，贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫。4.Only+状语+部分倒装Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.只有到那时，我们才能期待和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。清单清单05单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵)Unit4BreakingBoundaries一、单元介绍本单元以“突破界限”为核心主题，涵盖个人层面突破自我局限、学科领域打破专业壁垒、社会层面跨越偏见与隔阂、人类探索未知突破认知边界等内容。应用文写作侧重突破主题的感悟文、给困境中他人的鼓励信、关于创新突破的演讲稿、推动跨领域合作的倡议信等，要求学生能够清晰阐述突破界限的具体案例与意义，准确传递突破过程中的勇气与坚持，运用富有感染力的语言传递突破困境、追求卓越的信念。二、通用表达①话题单词突破核心：breakboundaries（突破界限）、surpasslimits（超越极限）、overcomebarriers（克服障碍）、breakthrough（突破）、transcend（超越）、innovation（创新）、exploration（探索）态度与品质：courage（勇气）、perseverance（坚持）、determination（决心）、audacity（胆识）、persistent（坚持不懈的）、resolute（坚定的）、fearless（无畏的）场景与对象：self-limitation（自我局限）、professionalbarrier（专业壁垒）、prejudice（偏见）、隔阂（estrangement）、unknownfield（未知领域）、cross-disciplinary（跨学科的）、explorer（探索者）动作与结果：challenge（挑战）、strive（奋斗）、endeavor（努力）、achieve（实现）、succeed（成功）、makeprogress（取得进步）、createmiracles（创造奇迹）②段首句、主题句、段尾句段首句：a)Lifeisaprocessofconstantlybreakingboundaries,andeverybreakthroughbringsusclosertoabetterself.b)Inthejourneyofhumanexploration,breakingthroughtheknownboundariestopursuetheunknownhasalwaysbeenourpersistentpursuit.c)Iwasdeeplymovedbythestoryofapersonwhobrokethroughnumerousdifficultiestorealizehisdream,andIwanttoshareitwithyou.d)Topromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,itisnecessaryforustobreakprofessionalbarriersandcarryoutcross-disciplinarycooperation.主题句：a)Thekeytobreakingboundariesliesinhavingthecouragetochallengethestatusquoandtheperseverancetosticktoourgoals.b)Thiscross-disciplinarycooperationprojectbreaksthetraditionalprofessionalbarriersandprovidesanewwaytosolvecomplexproblems.c)Thestoryofthisexplorershowsusthataslongaswehaveanunyieldingspirit,wecanbreakthroughthelimitsofthehumanbodyandmind.d)Breakingsocialprejudicesrequiresnotonlyindividualeffortsbutalsothejointattentionandpromotionofthewholesociety.段尾句：a)Letusdaretobreakboundaries,facechallengesbravely,andcreateourownwonderfullife.b)Thespiritofbreakingboundariesisthedrivingforceforhumanprogress,andweshouldinheritandcarryforwardthisspirit.c)Ihopethisstorycaninspireyoutostepoutofyourcomfortzoneandbravelybreakthroughthelimitationsthatbindyou.d)Onlybybreakingdownbarriersandunitingasonecanwebetterrespondtothechallengesofthetimesandachievecommondevelopment.Unit5AdelicateWorld一、单元介绍本单元以“脆弱的世界”为核心主题，涵盖生态系统的脆弱性、生物多样性的保护、人与自然的和谐共生、气候变化对脆弱环境的影响等内容。应用文写作主要包括生态保护倡议书、脆弱生态环境现状报告、呼吁保护生物多样性的书信、环保活动策划书等，要求学生能够清晰阐述脆弱世界的具体表现与面临的威胁，准确传递保护脆弱生态的紧迫性与重要性，运用逻辑清晰、情感真挚的语言唤起他人的保护意识。二、通用表达①话题单词脆弱性相关：delicate（脆弱的）、fragile（脆弱的）、vulnerable（易受伤害的）、fragility（脆弱性）、susceptible（易受影响的）生态与生物：ecosystem（生态系统）、biodiversity（生物多样性）、species（物种）、habitat（栖息地）、ecology（生态学）、naturalreserve（自然保护区）环境威胁与保护：threat（威胁）、danger（危险）、pollution（污染）、deforestation（森林砍伐）、protect（保护）、preserve（维护）、conserve（保存）、safeguard（守护）人与自然：harmoniouscoexistence（和谐共生）、human-naturerelationship（人与自然关系）、environmentalawareness（环境意识）、sustainabledevelopment（可持续发展）②段首句、主题句、段尾句段首句：a)Ourearthisadelicateworld,andeverylinkintheecologicalchainiscloselyconnectedandvulnerabletodamage.b)Withtheaggravationofhumanactivities,moreandmorefragileecosystemsarefacingseverethreats,whichrequiresourimmediateaction.c)Toprotectbiodiversityandsafeguardourdelicateworld,ourschoolplanstocarryoutaseriesofenvironmentalprotectionactivities.d)Thefragilepolarregionsarethebarometersofglobalclimatechange,andtheirchangesaffectthewholeworld.主题句：a)Thedestructionofspecieshabitatsisthemainreasonforthelossofbiodiversity,whichseriouslyendangersthebalanceofthedelicateecosystem.b)Thecoreofthisenvironmentalprotectionactivityistoletmorepeoplerealizethefragilityoftheworldandenhancetheirawarenessofecologicalprotection.c)Protectingthedelicateworldisnotonlytoprotectotherspeciesbutalsotoprotectthelivingenvironmentofhumanbeingsthemselves.d)Reducingcarbonemissionsandslowingdownglobalwarmingisanimportantmeasuretoprotectfragileecologicalenvironmentssuchasglaciersandrainforests.段尾句：a)Letustakeeverysmallactionindailylifetoprotectthedelicateworldandleavealivablehomeforfuturegenerations.b)Onlybyrespectingnature,adaptingtonatureandprotectingnaturecanweachieveharmoniouscoexistencewiththedelicateworld.c)Ibelievethatwiththejointeffortsofallpeople,wecanreversethefragilesituationoftheecosystemandmaketheearthmorevibrant.d)Protectingthedelicateworldisalong-termtaskthatrequiresthepersistenceofeverygeneration.Letusstartfromnowon.Unit6Survival一、单元介绍本单元以“生存”为核心主题，涵盖极端环境下的生存挑战、困境中的生存智慧、灾难中的自救与互救、生命价值与生存意义等内容。应用文写作侧重生存经验分享文、灾难自救指南、困境中的鼓励信、关于生命与生存的演讲稿等，要求学生能够清晰阐述生存过程中的关键措施与智慧，准确传递面对困境的勇气与坚持，运用务实且富有感染力的语言传递对生命的敬畏与珍视。二、通用表达①话题单词生存核心：survival（生存）、survive（存活）、existence（存在）、life（生命）、survivalskill（生存技能）、self-rescue（自救）困境与挑战：extremeenvironment（极端环境）、disaster（灾难）、difficulty（困境）、crisis（危机）、danger（危险）、adversity（逆境）生存智慧与品质：wisdom（智慧）、courage（勇气）、perseverance（坚持）、calmness（冷静）、adaptability（适应能力）、resourcefulness（足智多谋）动作与措施：rescue（救援）、helpeachother（互助）、overcome（克服）、endure（忍受）、struggle（挣扎）、protect（保护）、preserveenergy（保存体力）②段首句、主题句、段尾句段首句：a)Survivalisthebasicrightofalllivingthings,andinthefaceofdifficultiesanddangers,survivalrequiresbothcourageandwisdom.b)Ihavereadabookaboutsurvivalinthewilderness,whichtellsmanypracticalsurvivalskillsthatareworthlearning.c)Whenadisastercomes,masteringcorrectself-rescuemethodsiscrucialtoimprovingthechancesofsurvival.d)Thestoryofpeoplestrugglingtosurviveinadversitymakesusdeeplyrealizethetenacityandpreciousnessoflife.主题句：a)Stayingcalmandmakingrationaljudgmentsisthefirststeptosurviveinextremeenvironments.b)Thecoreofthissurvivalguideistoteachpeoplehowtousethesurroundingresourcestohelpthemselvesinthewild.c)Mutualhelpandsupportbetweenpeoplecangreatlyimprovethechancesofsurvivalinthefaceofdisasters.d)Theprocessofstrugglingtosurvivenotonlytestspeople'sphysicalstrengthbutalsoreflectsthestrengthofhumanwill.段尾句：a)Learningsurvivalskillsisnotonlytodealwithemergenciesbutalsotobetterunderstandandcherishlife.b)Ihopethissurvivalguidecanhelpmorepeoplemasterself-rescueskillsandprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilieswhendangerscome.c)Thetenacityoflifeintheprocessofsurvivalistouching.Letusalwaysrespectandcherisheverylife.d)Nomatterhowdifficultthesituationis,aslongaswehavethewilltosurviveandtherightmethod,wecanfindawayoutofadversity.题型题型012单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发)根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式1.Theteammanagedtobreakthroughthe____________(边界)oftraditionaltechnologyandachievedinnovation.2.Wemust____________(克服)theobstaclesinourwaytoaccomplishthechallengingtask.3.Hergreat____________(决心)helpedherpersistinpursuingherdreamdespitefailures.4.Thescientist’s____________(突破)inmedicalresearchhassavedthousandsoflives.5.The____________(脆弱的)ecosystemoftherainforestisbeingthreatenedbyhumanactivities.6.Manyrare____________(物种)areonthevergeof____________(灭绝)duetohabitatloss.7.Weshouldtakeactionto____________(保护)thefragilebalanceofnature.8.Hiscourageto____________(冒险)intounknownfieldsinspiredmanyyoungpeople.9.Inthe____________(恶劣的)desertenvironment,onlytoughplantscansurvive.10.Thegovernmentlaunchedaprojectto____________(恢复)thedamagedwetlandecosystem.11.Sheshowedgreat____________(韧性)to____________(忍受)thehardshipsofthesurvivalchallenge.12.The____________(障碍)betweendifferentculturescanbecrossedthroughcommunication.13.Usingrenewableenergyiscrucialto____________(维持)thehealthofourplanet.14.The____________(多样性)oflifeonEarthisessentialforecologicalbalance.15.Theyhadto____________(挣扎)forfoodandwaterinthedesperatesurvivalsituation.16.His____________(抱负)toexploretheoceanfrontierdrovehimtostudymarinescience.17.Pollutionhascausedserious____________(损害)tothevulnerablecoastalecosystems.18.To____________(生存)inthewild,onemustmasterbasicsurvivalskills.19.The____________(和谐)betweenhumansandnatureisthekeytosustainabledevelopment.20.She____________(超越)everyone’sexpectationsbyovercomingtheseeminglyimpossiblechallenge.题型题型022单句语法填空(一词多变，活学活用)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.(2023新课标I卷)The____________(survive)ofendangeredspeciesdependsoneffectiveprotectionmeasures.2.(2024新课标II卷)Shewasdeeply____________(inspire)bytheexplorer’scouragetobreakboundaries.3.(2025新课标I卷)The____________(delicate)ofthecoralreefecosystemrequirescarefulpreservation.4.(2023全国甲卷)His____________(determine)toovercomedifficultieswonhimwidespreadrespect.5.(2024全国乙卷)The____________(adapt)ofanimalstoclimatechangeisaslowandcomplexprocess.6.(2025新高考I卷)Wewere____________(amaze)bythescientist’s____________(innovate)approachtoenvironmentalprotection.7.(2023新高考II卷)The____________(preserve)ofculturalandnaturalheritageisofglobalsignificance.8.(2024新课标I卷)The____________(threaten)ofhabitatdestructionhasforcedmanyspeciestomigrate.9.(2025新课标II卷)Her____________(persist)inpursuinghergoalfinallyledtoagreatbreakthrough.10.(2023全国乙卷)Itis____________(essence)toraisepublicawarenessofpr