考前押题01 阅读理解6大常考话题（各地名校好题）（期末复习专项训练）（解析版）

专题01阅读理解6大常考话题话题1环境保护（常考点）话题4动植物话题2社会问题与社会想现象（常考点）话题5阅读话题3个人经历话题6节日话题1环境保护Passage1（24-25高二上・四川泸州三校联盟・第二次联合考试）Urbangardensarevaluableassets(资产)tocommunities.Theyprovidegreenspacestogrowsustainablefood,buildcommunitycohesion(凝聚力),makenewfriends,connectwiththeearth,andmuchmore.So,let’scheckoutourlistof4inspiringurbangardensintheUS.GothamGreensWhere:NewYork&ChicagoWhat:GothamGreensfirststartedinBrooklynandnowhasfourlocationsinNewYorkCityandChicago.TheirflagshipfarminBrooklynproducesover100,000poundsofgreensperyear.Butitdoesn’tjustproducehealthylocalvegetables.Itisusinghigh-techgreenhouseswithsolarpanelstomakesurethefoodgrownishealthyandsustainable.BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudentsWhere:Baltimore,MarylandWhat:TheBaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents(BUGS)programencouragesstudentstogettheirhandsdirtyandplantvegetablesthroughtheirafter-schoolandsummerprograms.Manyofthesekidsdon’thaveaccesstogreenspacesandhaveneverhadtheopportunitytogrowfood.RevisionUrbanFarmWhere:Boston,MassachusettsWhat:RevisionUrbanFarminBostonworksinpartnershipwiththeRevisionFamilyHome-ashelterfor22homelessparentsandtheirkids.Thefarmprovidesthesefamilieswithinformationonhealthyeating,andaccesstothefarm’sfreshvegetables.Theorganizationalsoprovidesjobtrainingtohelpfamiliesescapethecycleofpoverty.SwaleWhere:NewYorkWhat:Swale,afloatingfoodforestlocatedonalargeboat,isaninnovativeprojectmeanttoinspirecitizenstorethinktherelationshipbetweenourcitiesandourfood.ThisurbangardenservesasbothalivingartexhibitandaneducationalfarmFoodforestsaresustainablegardensthatincludevegetables,fruit,nuttrees,bushes,herbs,andvines—eachonecomplementingtheotherinasymbiotic(共生的)relationship.1．WhatisspecialaboutGothamGreens?A．Itoffershomelessfamiliesinformationonhealthyeating.B．Itcreatesasustainablegardenonalargeboat.C．Itprovidesjobtrainingforstudents.D．Ituseshigh-techgreenhousestogrowhealthyfood.2．Whichurbangardenoffersfirst-handfarmingexperience?A．BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents. B．Swale.C．RevisionUrbanFarm. D．GothamGreens.3．Whatdothesefoururbangardenshaveincommon?A．Theycreatejobopportunitiesforfarmers.B．TheyareinspirationalprojectsinNewYork.C．Theyarebeneficialtocommunities.D．Theyhaveeducationalandentertainingpurposes.【答案】1．D2．A3．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们为种植可持续粮食提供绿色空间，建立社区凝聚力。文章主要讲述了几个城市花园。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章GothamGreens(哥谭镇蔬菜)部分中的“Itisusinghigh-techgreenhouseswithsolarpanelstomakesurethefoodgrownishealthyandsustainable.(它正在使用带有太阳能电池板的高科技温室，以确保种植的食物是健康和可持续的。)”可知，GothamGreens使用了高科技温室种植健康的食物。故选D项。2.推理判断题。根据文章BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents(巴尔的摩城市园艺与学生)部分中的“TheBaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents(BUGS)programencouragesstudentstogettheirhandsdirtyandplantvegetablesthroughtheirafter-schoolandsummerprograms.Manyofthesekidsdon’thaveaccesstogreenspaces,andhaveneverhadtheopportunitytogrowfood.(巴尔的摩城市与学生一起园艺（BUGS）项目鼓励学生通过课后和夏季项目把手弄脏并种植蔬菜。这些孩子中的许多人没有机会接触绿色空间，也从来没有机会种植食物。)”可知，来这里进行园艺活动的孩子从来没有接触过农作，也从来没有机会尝试种植食物，由此可以推测出，该城市花园能向学生提供第一手的耕作经验。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Urbangardensarevaluableassetstocommunities.Theyprovidegreenspacestogrowsustainablefood,buildcommunityunity,makenewfriends,connectwiththeearth,andmuchmore.(城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们提供绿色空间来种植可持续的食物，建立社区团结，结交新朋友，与地球联系等等。)”可知，文章主要讲的是城市花园对社区的影响。由此可以推出，后文提到的四个城市花园都对社区来说都有益处。故选C项。Passage2（24-25高二上・四川泸县第二中学等校・期末）Peoplearealreadypayingmoreandmoreforfoodduetoglobalwarming—andrisingtemperatureswilldrivefoodpricesalothigherinthenextdecade.AccordingtoastudybytheEuropeanCentralBank,by2035,highertemperaturesalonewillbepushingupworldwidefoodpricesbybetween0.9%and3.2%everysingleyear.Tofindouthowthisisaffectingfoodprices,MaximilianKotzatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchandhiscolleaguesexamineddataonthemonthlypricesandweatherconditionsin121countriesbetween1996and2021.Bylookingforassociationsbetweenfoodpricesandfactorssuchastheaveragemonthlytemperature,temperaturechanges,andmeasuresofdroughtandextremerainfall,theyfoundastronglinkbetweentheaveragetemperatureandthefoodpricesamonthorsolater.Inregionsnorthof40degrees,likethelatitude(纬度)ofNewYorkCityandBeijing,warmer-than-averagetemperaturesduringwinterledtofallingfoodprices.Butabove-averagetemperaturesincreasedfoodpricesinsummerandatalltimesintherestoftheworld.“Thestudydidn’tlookatwhypricesrose,butthelikelyexplanationisthatextremeheatisreducingyields,”Kotzsays.“Cropsmaybedryingoutonthevinewhentheyshouldbebeingharvested.”Factorssuchasextremerainfallhadlessimpactonfoodpricesthanaveragetemperatures.Thismaybebecausefloodingtendstobelocalized,whileabove-averagetemperaturescanbeverywidespread.Otherstudieshavereachedsimilarconclusions.Kotz’steamthenwentfurtherbyinvestigatinghowfoodpricescouldchangebasedonaveragetemperaturerisesinclimatemodelprediction.Intheworstsituation,globalfoodinflation(食品通胀)duetoclimatechangegoesover4%peryearby2060.“Weneedtobeawareofthefactthatclimatechangebringshugenewchallengesforfoodsecurity,”saysKotz.“Warming-fuelledextremeweatherisincreasinglyaffectingfoodproductionaroundtheworld.Iffarmersdon’tadapttheirpracticestobettercopewithrisingtemperatures,thelosseswillbecomemoreserious.”4．Whatdoesthestudyfocuson?A．Thefactorsintherisinglivingcosts.B．Theimpactofclimatechangeonfoodprices.C．Theeffectsofnaturaldisastersonfoodproduction.D．Thecomparisonoffoodpricesindifferentregions.5．Howdidresearchersreachtheirconclusions?A．Byanalyzingamassofdata. B．Byreferringtopreviousstudies.C．Bytrackingsomecitiesforyears. D．Byconductingasurveyamongfarmers.6．WhatisthemainreasonfortherisingfoodpricesaccordingtoKotz?A．Frequentrainfall. B．Extremehightemperature.C．Theincreasingdemandforcrops. D．Therestrictionsoftradepolicies.7．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．Toinvestigatehowfoodpriceschange. B．Topredictthelosscausedbytheheatwave.C．Tourgefarmerstoadjusttheirpractices. D．Toclarifythesituationofglobalfoodinflation.【答案】4．B5．A6．B7．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全球变暖导致气温上升对食品价格的影响。4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tofindouthowthisisaffectingfoodprices,MaximilianKotzatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchandhiscolleaguesexamineddataonthemonthlypricesandweatherconditionsin121countriesbetween1996and2021.(为了弄清楚这是如何影响食品价格的，波茨坦气候影响研究所的马克西米利安·科茨和他的同事们研究了1996年至2021年间121个国家的月度价格和天气状况数据)”可知，研究重点是气候变化对食品价格的影响。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“MaximilianKotzatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchandhiscolleaguesexamineddataonthemonthlypricesandweatherconditionsin121countriesbetween1996and2021.”(波茨坦气候影响研究所的马克西米利安・科茨和他的同事们研究了1996年至2021年间121个国家的月度价格和天气状况数据)”可知，研究人员是通过分析大量数据得出结论的。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thestudydidn’tlookatwhypricesrose,butthelikelyexplanationisthatextremeheatisreducingyields,”Kotzsays.(科茨说：“这项研究没有探讨价格上涨的原因，但可能的解释是，极端高温正在降低产量”)”可知，科茨认为食品价格上涨的主要原因是极端高温。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Iffarmersdon’tadapttheirpracticestobettercopewithrisingtemperatures,thelosseswillbecomemoreserious.(如果农民不调整他们的做法以更好地应对不断上升的气温，损失将会更加严重)”可推知，作者在最后一段意在敦促农民调整他们的做法。故选C。Passage3（24-25高二上・四川泸县第二中学等校・期末模拟）Whenitcomestoreading,peoplehavedifferentpreferences.Somepeoplewillchoosepaperbooksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers,perhapsonaphone,becausethey’reconvenient.Butwhichisthemoreenvironment-friendlychoice?Digitalreading(数字阅读)isontherise,nowmakingupabout15%ofthetotalUSbookmarket.However,traditionalprintpublishingisstillbyfarthemostpopulartype—anditcomeswithahighcarbonfootprint(碳足迹).Accordingtoa2023reportfromWordsRated,printbookpublishingisthethirdbiggestsourceofgreenhousegasemissions,and32milliontreesarecutdowneachyearintheUStomakepaperforbooks.Thenthere’stheproblemofprintingandtransport,nottomentionthemanyunsoldbooksthataredestroyed.Digitalreadingseemstohaveagreatadvantageoverprintbecauseitispaperless,soitsavestreesandtransport.Moreover,technologycompaniesthatmakee-readers,suchasAmazon,offerrecyclingprogramsforolddevices(设备).Butdigitaldevicesalsocomewithalargecarbonfootprint,mainlyattheproductionstage.Theircasesaremadefromplasticthatcomesfromfossilfuels,andthemineralsintheirbatteriesrequirealotofresourcestobemined.Sobacktotheearlierquestion:whichwayofreadingismoreenvironmentallyfriendly?“It’snotcutanddried,”saidMikeBerners-Lee,aprofessoratLancasterEnvironmentCentreintheUnitedKingdom.“Ifyoubuyane-readerandyoureadlotsofbooksonit,thenit’sthelowestcarbonthingtodo.Butifyoubuyit,readacoupleofbooks,andfindthatyoupreferpaperbooks,thenit’stheworstofallworlds.”Yet,Berners-Leesaidthatreadingisstill,relativelyspeaking,anenvironmental-friendlyactivity.8．Whatdoesthereportshow?A．PrintedbookshaveapoorsalesrecordintheUS.B．Printpublishingisnotfriendlytotheenvironment.C．Digitalreadingismorepopularthanpaperreading.D．Printingbookscostsmorethanproducinge-readers.9．Whichaspectofdigitaldeviceshasthelargestimpactontheenvironment?A．Itstransportation B．Itswastemanagement.C．Itsproductionprocess. D．Itsrecyclingprograms.10．Accordingtothetext,itisbettertochoosedigitalreadingifyou______.A．readalot B．hardlytakenotesC．enjoyreadingatnight D．onlyreadbooksoutofneed11．Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhyShouldWeChooseDigitalReading?B．HowDoesPrintPublishingAffecttheEnvironment?C．WillTraditionalPrintReadingDisappearintheFuture?D．WhichisBetterfortheEnvironment,PaperBooksorE-readers?【答案】8．B9．C10．A11．D【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章对比了纸质书籍和电子阅读器在环境保护方面的优劣，指出阅读方式的选择对环境的影响并非一成不变，取决于个人的阅读习惯。8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Accordingtoa2023reportfromWordsRated,printbookpublishingisthethirdbiggestsourceofgreenhousegasemissions,and32milliontreesarecutdowneachyearintheUStomakepaperforbooks.(根据WordsRated2023年的报告，纸质书出版是第三大温室气体排放源，美国每年有3200万棵树被砍伐用于制作书籍纸张)”可知，该报告指出纸质书出版对环境不友好。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“：Butdigitaldevicesalsocomewithalargecarbonfootprint,mainlyattheproductionstage.(但数字设备也伴随着巨大的碳足迹，主要集中在生产阶段)”可知，数字设备对环境影响最大的是其生产过程。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Ifyoubuyane-readerandyoureadlotsofbooksonit,thenit’sthelowestcarbonthingtodo.(如果你买了一个电子阅读器并在上面阅读很多书，那么这是最低碳的做法)”可知，如果你经常阅读，选择电子阅读器是更环保的，因此选项A“读很多书”是正确的。故选A。11．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章第一段“Whenitcomestoreading,peoplehavedifferentpreferences.Somepeoplewillchoosepaperbooksbecausethey’reeasytoborrowandshare.Otherswillgofore-readers,perhapsonaphone,becausethey’reconvenient.Butwhichisthemoreenvironment-friendlychoice?(说到阅读，人们有不同的偏好。有些人会选择纸质书，因为它们很容易借阅和分享。还有一些人会选择电子阅读器，也许是在手机上，因为它们很方便。但哪个是更环保的选择？)”可知，文章围绕纸质书和电子书哪个更环保的问题展开论述，所以最适合的标题是“纸质书还是电子阅读器，哪个对环境更好”。故选D。Passage4（24-25高二上・四川泸州高级中学・期末）Foryears,scientistshavedebatedwhetherhumansortheclimatehavecausedthepopulationoflargemammalstodeclinedramaticallyoverthepastseveralthousandyears.AnewstudyfromAarhusUniversityconfirmsthatclimatecannotbetheexplanation.About100,000yearsago,thefirstmodernhumansmigratedoutofAfricainlargenumbers.Theywereverygoodatadaptingtonewhabitats,andtheysettledinalmosteverykindoflandscape—fromdesertstojunglestotheicytaigainthefarnorth.Partofthesuccesswashuman’sabilitytohuntlargeanimals.Withcleverhuntingtechniquesandspeciallybuiltweapons,theyperfectedtheartofkillingeventhemostdangerousmammals.Butunfortunately,thegreatsuccessofourancestorscameattheexpenseoftheotherlargemammals.Itiswell-knownthatnumerouslargespecieswentextinctduringthetimeofworldwidecolonizationbymodernhumans.Now,newresearchfromAarhusUniversityrevealsthatthoselargemammalsthatsurvivedalsoexperiencedadramaticdecline.BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJens-ChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.“We’vestudiedtheevolutionoflargemammalianpopulationsoverthepast750,000years.Forthefirst700,000years,thepopulationswerefairlystable.But50,000yearsago,thepopulationsfelldramaticallyandneverrecovered,”hesays,andcontinues:“Forthepast800,000years,theglobehasfluctuated(波动)betweeniceagesandinterglacialperiodsaboutevery100,000years.Iftheclimatewasthecause,weshouldseegreaterfluctuationswhentheclimatechanged50,000yearsearlier.Butwedon’t.Humansare,therefore,themostlikelyexplanation.”12．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thesuccess”meaninParagraph3?A．Theevolutionoflargemammals.B．Theprosperityofvarioushabitats.C．Theachievementofhumanmigration.D．Theprogressinhuntingtechniques.13．AccordingtoSvenning,whathappened50,000yearsago?A．Populationsoflargemammalssignificantlydropped.B．Livingconditionsoflargemammalsremainedstable.C．Globalclimatedramaticallychanged.D．Alargenumberofglacierssuddenlymelt.14．What’susedasaclueoftheresearchaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A．Species. B．Place. C．Time. D．Climate.15．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ClimateImpactonAnimalsB．ChangesofPrehistoricEnvironmentC．EvolutionofLargeMammalPopulationsD．HumanInfluenceonGiantMammals【答案】12．C13．A14．C15．D【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要谈论了，科学家多年来一直在辩论是人类还是气候导致了过去几千年大型哺乳动物数量急剧下降的问题。但Aarhus大学的一项新研究证实了气候不可能是解释的原因。12．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“About100,000yearsago,thefirstmodernhumansmigratedoutofAfricainlargenumbers.Theywereverygoodatadaptingtonewhabitats,andtheysettledinalmosteverykindoflandscape—fromdesertstojunglestotheicytaigainthefarnorth.(大约10万年前，第一批现代人类大量迁徙出非洲。它们非常善于适应新的栖息地，几乎定居在从沙漠到丛林再到遥远北方冰冷的针叶林的每一种景观中。)”以及第三段“Withcleverhuntingtechniquesandspeciallybuiltweapons,theyperfectedtheartofkillingeventhemostdangerousmammals.(成功的一部分是人类狩猎大型动物的能力。凭借巧妙的狩猎技术和特制的武器，他们甚至完善了杀死最危险哺乳动物的艺术。)”可知，此处划线词thesuccess指的是上文提到的人们迁徙的成就。故选C。13．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJens-ChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.(通过研究139种现存大型哺乳动物的DNA，科学家们已经能够证明，大约5万年前，几乎所有物种的丰度都急剧下降。这是奥胡斯大学丹麦国家研究基金会新生物圈生态动力学中心（ECONOVO）教授兼负责人、该研究的发起人JensChristianSvenning的说法。)”可知，大约5万年前，大型哺乳动物的数量显著减少。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“BystudyingtheDNAof139livingspeciesoflargemammals,scientistshavebeenabletoshowthattheabundancesofalmostallspeciesfelldramaticallyabout50,000yearsago.ThisisaccordingtoJens-ChristianSvenning,aprofessorandheadoftheDanishNationalResearchFoundation’sCenterforEcologicalDynamicsinaNovelBiosphere(ECONOVO)atAarhusUniversityandtheinitiatorofthestudy.(通过研究139种现存大型哺乳动物的DNA，科学家们已经能够证明，大约5万年前，几乎所有物种的丰度都急剧下降。这是奥胡斯大学丹麦国家研究基金会新生物圈生态动力学中心（ECONOVO）教授兼负责人、该研究的发起人JensChristianSvenning的说法。)”以及最后一段““We’vestudiedtheevolutionoflargemammalianpopulationsoverthepast750,000years.Forthefirst700,000years,thepopulationswerefairlystable.But50,000yearsago,thepopulationsfelldramaticallyandneverrecovered,”hesays,andcontinues:“Forthepast800,000years,theglobehasfluctuated(波动)betweeniceagesandinterglacialperiodsaboutevery100,000years.Iftheclimatewasthecause,weshouldseegreaterfluctuationswhentheclimatechanged50,000yearsearlier.Butwedon’t.Humansare,therefore,themostlikelyexplanation.”(“我们研究了过去75万年中大型哺乳动物种群的进化。在最初的70万年里，种群数量相当稳定。但在5万年前，种群数量急剧下降，再也没有恢复，”他说，并继续说道“在过去的80万年里，全球大约每10万年就在冰河时期和间冰期之间波动一次。如果气候是原因，我们应该会在5万年前气候变化时看到更大的波动。但我们没有。因此，人类是最有可能的解释。”)”可知，研究的线索为时间。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Foryears,scientistshavedebatedwhetherhumansortheclimatehavecausedthepopulationoflargemammalstodeclinedramaticallyoverthepastseveralthousandyears.AnewstudyfromAarhusUniversityconfirmsthatclimatecannotbetheexplanation.(科学家多年来一直在辩论是人类还是气候导致了过去几千年大型哺乳动物数量急剧下降的问题。但Aarhus大学的一项新研究证实了气候不可能是解释的原因。)”以及对文章的理解可知，本文说明了科学家多年来一直在辩论是人类还是气候导致了过去几千年大型哺乳动物数量急剧下降的问题。但Aarhus大学的一项新研究证实了气候不可能是解释的原因。故D项“人类对巨型哺乳动物的影响”符合文章标题。故选D。Passage5（24-25高二上・四川泸州老窖天府中学・期末）Onawindyday,40middle-schoolstudentsstandbytheHarlemRiverinNewYorkCity.Theirteacher,Mr.White,pullsametalcageoutoftheriver.Insideareclustersofoysters(牡蛎).Thelasttimetheywerehere,theoysterswerebabies.Thestudents’jobistomeasurehowmuchtheoystershavegrownandtesttheriverwaterforpollutants.TheywillreporttheirfindingstoresearchersattheBillionOysterProject(BOP).Whyworksohard?Tomakethecity’swaterwayshealthyagain.Oystersareimportantfortheunderwatercommunitytheysharewithplants,fish,andotherlife.Sotheyarealsocalledakeystonespecies.Ifakeystonespeciesdisappears,otherplantsandanimalsmaydieout.That’sexactlywhathappened100yearsagoinNewYorkHarbor.Beforethen,lotsofoysterslivedhere.Theoystersweredelicious—maybetoodelicious.Bytheearly1900s,peoplewereeatingthemfasterthantheycouldgrow.Theoysterswereintroubleforanotherreason.Pollutionwaspouringintothewatersofthegrowingcity,andfewtypesofanimalscouldliveinit.Sincethe1970s,newlawshavehelpedreducetoxic(有毒的)waste.Somefishstartedtoswimthroughagain.Butoysterswerestillmissing—untilrecently.TheBOPbeganin2014tohelpbringoystersbacktoNewYorkHarbor.Sofar,studentsandvolunteershaveplacedabout25,000,000oystersintotheharbor.“Theoystersdefinitelylookmuchbiggernow,”saysastudentnamedKelly.Takingturns,thekidsmeasurealltheoysters,thencomparenotes.Thebiggestoysterisover2incheslong,muchbiggerthanahealthysizeforitsage.Asmoreoystersgrow,thewatershouldbecomeclearer.Also,otheranimalsshouldmovein.Finally,thestudentsputtheoystersbackinthecage.Mr.Whitelowersitintotheriver.Whentheoystersarebigenough,theywillbemovedtothemiddleoftheharbor.Fortoday,everyoneagrees:thefutureislookingbrightforNewYorkHarbor.16．Whyareoysterscalledakeystonespecies?A．Theygrowquickly. B．Theyaredelicious.C．Theysupportunderwaterlife. D．Theyareabletoresistpollution.17．Whatwastheproblemwithoystersoveracenturyago?A．Aperiodofdisappearance. B．Over-consumptionbypeople.C．Lackofcleanandsafehabitat. D．Competitionwithotherspecies.18．What’sthegoaloftheBillionOysterProject?A．Togrowmoreoysters. B．Tocollectusefuldata.C．Toprotectwaterplants. D．Torestorewaterways.19．WhatmaybethefutureoutlookforNewYorkHarbor?A．Promising. B．Uncertain. C．Disappointing. D．Unchanged.【答案】16．C17．B18．D19．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主题为人与自然，介绍了纽约市的港湾里重新出现的牡蛎对重建健康的海底生态系统的帮助。16．细节理解题。根据第三段“Oystersareimportantfortheunderwatercommunitytheysharewithplants,fish,andotherlife.Sotheyarealsocalledakeystonespecies.(牡蛎对它们与植物、鱼类和其他生物共享的水下群落至关重要。因此，它们也被称为关键物种)”可知，牡蛎被称为关键物种是因为它们支持水下的生态。故选C项。17．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theoystersweredelicious—maybetoodelicious.Bytheearly1900s,peoplewereeatingthemfasterthantheycouldgrow.(牡蛎很好吃——也许太好吃了。到20世纪初，人们吃它们的速度超过了它们的生长速度)可知，牡蛎深受食客的喜爱而被过度捕捞。故选B。18．细节理解题。根据第四段“TheBOPbeganin2014tohelpbringoystersbacktoNewYorkHarbor.(该BOP项目始于2014年，目的是帮助将牡蛎带回纽约港)”以及第六段“Asmoreoystersgrow,thewatershouldbecomeclearer.(随着越来越多的牡蛎生长，水应该会变得更清澈)”可知，BillionOysterProject的目标是修复水道。故选D项。19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fortoday,everyoneagrees:thefutureislookingbrightforNewYorkHarbor.(今天，每个人都同意：纽约港的未来是光明的)”可知，纽约港未来是光明的。故选A项。Passage6（24-25高二上・四川泸县第五中学・期末）"Whatkindofrubbishareyou?"Thisquestionmightnormallycauseanger,butinShanghaiithasbecomeaspecial"greeting"amongpeopleoverthepastweek.OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sortingregulations（条例〉thatarerequiredtofollowandexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Residentsmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandtoss（投放）itintospecificpublicdustbins.Theymustdosoatspecifiedtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecorrecttrash-tossingandtoaskthenatureofone'srubbish.Individualswhofailtofollowtheregulationsfacethepossibilityoffinesandworse.Theycouldbepunishedwithfinesofupto200yuan（$29）.Forthosewhorepeattogoagainstthem,thegovernmentcanaddblackmarkstotheircreditrecords,makingitharderforthemtogetbankloansorevenbuytraintickets.Shanghaigovernmentisrespondingtoanobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itgenerates9milliontonsofgarbageayear,morethanLondon'sannualoutput,whichisrisingquickly.ButlikeothercitiesinChina,itlacksarecyclingsystem.Instead,ithasreliedontrashpickerstosift（筛选）throughthewaste,pickingoutwhatevercanbereused.Thishaslimits.Aspeoplegetwealthier,fewerofthemwanttodosuchdirtywork.Thewaste,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.Manyresidentsappeartosupporttheideaofrecyclingingeneralbutareannoyedbythedetails.Rubbishmustbedividedaccordingtowhetheritisfood,recyclable,dryorharmful,thedistinctionsamongwhichcanbeconfusing,thoughthereareappstohelpworkitout.Somehavecomplainedabouttherulesconcerningfoodwaste.Theymustputitstraightintherequiredpublicbins,forcingthemtotearopenplasticbagsandtossitbyhand.Whattheycomplainmostistheshortperiodsfordroppingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.Alongwiththemonitorsatthebins,thismeansthatpeoplegoataroundthesametimeandcankeepaneyeonwhatisbeingthrownout；noonewantstolookbad.20．Whatdoweknowaboutthetrash-sortingregulationsinShanghai?A．Theyarethefirstoftheirkind. B．Theyaretiedtoone'sbankaccount.C．Theyhavethehighestfines. D．They'reaidedbymonitors.21．WhyhasShanghaiintroducedthetrash-sortingregulations?A．Therearefewerandfewertrashpickers.B．Itaimstobuildanewrecyclingsystem.C．Itfacesmoreandmoreseriousgarbageproblems.D．Peoplethrowtherubbishhereandthere.22．Whatmakestheresidentsupsetmostabouttheregulations?A．Limitedtimefortossingthetrash.B．Confusingdistinctionamongthecategoriesoftrash.C．Beingfinedduetoimproperbehavior.D．Beingwatchedbymonitorswhenthrowingthegarbage.23．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AGoodWayofTrash-sortingB．ANewEraofGarbageClassificationC．AGreatTimeinDealingwithLitterD．AnEffectiveSolutiontoRubbishProblem【答案】20．D21．C22．A23．B【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要说明了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。20．细节理解题。根据第一段“Theymustdosoatspecifiedtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecorrecttrash-tossingandtoaskthenatureofone'srubbish.”和最后一段Alongwiththemonitorsatthebins,他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场，以确保正确的垃圾投掷和问一个人的垃圾性质。可知他们扔垃圾有人监督。故选D项。21．推理判断题。根据第三段“Shanghaigovernmentisrespondingtoanobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itgenerates9milliontonsofgarbageayear,morethanLondon'sannualoutput,whichisrisingquickly.ButlikeothercitiesinChina,itlacksarecyclingsystem.Thewaste,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.”上海市政府正在应对一个明显的环境问题。它每年产生900万吨垃圾，比伦敦的年产量还多，并且缺乏回收系统。所以上海出台垃圾分类规定是因为它面临着越来越严重的垃圾问题。故选C项。22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Whattheycomplainmostistheshortperiodsfordroppingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.”他们抱怨最多的是垃圾投放的时间很短，通常是早晚两个小时。可知扔垃圾的时间规定让居民们最不满。故选A项。23．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Residentsmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatekindsandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecomplianceandtoinquireintothenatureofone'srubbish.”7月1日，该市出台了严格的垃圾分类规定,有望成为我国的一个典范。居民必须将他们的垃圾分成四类,并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时,以确保遵守和调查一个人的垃圾的性质。以及文章主要内容围绕着上海垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新时代的开始而展开，B项“ANewEraofGarbageClassification。”垃圾分类的新时代符合主旨。故选B项。Passage7（25-26高二上・四川成都实验外国语学校）Buyingfurnitureiseasierthanever.Youcanevenorderanewtableandchairsonlinewithouteverleavinghome.Butdidyoueverthinkabouthowfurnitureismade?Theprocessbeginswithtreesbutnowresearchershavefoundabetterway:growingitinalabinsteadofaforest.Insteadofcuttingdowntreesandaddingtodeforestation,Velásquez-Garciasaid,“Ifyouwantatable,thenyoushouldjustgrowatable.”Theresearchgroupfoundawaytoactuallygrowplanttissue(组织)—woodandfiber—inalabthatissimilartothewayculturedmeatisgrown.Whilethereisstillalongwaytoactuallygrowatable,theteamwasabletogrowstructuresfromcellsfromzinnialeaves.Thisapproachto“growing”materialsopensupuniquepossibilities.Lab-grownwoodcanbehandledtotakeonanyshape,like3Dprinting,soitmaybepossibletobuildatablewithoutglueorscrewingpartstogether.Beyondtheseimmediateadvantages,labwoodoffersamoresignificantenvironmentalbenefit.Makingfurnitureandotheritemsfrombiomaterialscouldeliminatecuttingdowntreesinforests.“Thewaywegetthesematerialshasn’tchangedincenturiesandisveryinefficient,”saidVelásquez-Garcia.“Thisisarealchancetoavoidallthatinefficiency.”Beckwith,amechanicalengineeringPhDstudent,wasinspiredbyavisittoafarmtotrytomakeland-usemoreefficientandenvironmentallysound.“Thatgotmethinking:Canwebemorestrategicaboutwhatwe’regettingoutofourprocess?Canwegetmoreoutputsforourinputs?”shetoldMITNews.“Iwantedtofindamoreefficientwaytouselanda