考前押题04 选词填空题(期末专项训练) （原卷版及全解全析）

1/1考前押题04选词填空题(期末专项训练)话题1社会与文化话题4环保与发展话题2科学与技术话题5生态与自然话题3科学与研究话题6运动与健康话题1社会与文化Passage1A．overemphasized

B．diverse

C．promoting

D．resources

E.criticalF.normalization

G.embrace

H.shaping

I.affordable

J.decorated

K.questioningCosmeticsurgeryhasbecomeincreasinglypopularinmodernsociety,offeringindividualstheopportunitytoenhancetheirphysicalappearancethroughvariousprocedures.However,people’sattitudestowardscosmeticsurgeryare

1andcomplex,reflectingarangeofbeliefsandvalues.Onecommonattitudetowardscosmeticsurgeryistheacceptanceand2ofit.Withadvancementsinmedicaltechnologyandtheriseofsocialmediainfluencers3beautystandards,morepeopleviewcosmeticsurgeryasavalidmeansofself-improvement.Forsome,undergoingplasticsurgeryissimilartogettingahaircutorgoingtothegym—apersonalchoicetoenhanceone’sconfidenceandself-esteem.Ontheotherhand,thereisasegmentofsocietythatholdsamore

4viewofcosmeticsurgery.Someindividualsbelievethatalteringone’sappearancethroughsurgeryperpetuatesunrealisticbeautystandardsand5physicalappearance.Theyarguethattruebeautycomesfromwithinandthatsocietyshouldfocusonadvocatingself-acceptanceandbodypositivity.Additionally,thereisasubsetofpeoplewhoviewcosmeticsurgeryasaluxury6onlytothewealthyandprivileged.Somearguethat

7shouldbeallocatedtowardsmoreessentialhealthcareneedsratherthancosmeticenhancements.Furthermore,culturalandreligiousbeliefsplayasignificantrolein8attitudestowardscosmeticsurgery.Insomecultures,alteringone’sappearancethroughsurgerymaybeseenastabooorchallengetotraditionalvalues.Overall,people’sattitudestowardscosmeticsurgeryareinfluencedbyavarietyoffactorsincludingsocietalnorms,personalvalues,culturalbeliefs,andeconomicconsiderations.Whilesome9cosmeticsurgeryasatoolforself-improvementandenhancingconfidence,othersviewitwithskepticism,10itsimpactonbeautystandardsandsocietalpriorities.Ultimately,thechoicetoundergocosmeticsurgeryisapersonaldecisionthatreflectsindividualattitudesandvaluestowardsbeautyandself-imageintoday’ssociety.Passage2A．apply

B．broadly

C．complicated

D．downside

E．hardly

F．neighborsG．overburdened

H．pills

I．re-labeling

J．turning

K．worseBritainappearstobeinamental-healthcrisis.InthepastdecadenoEuropeancountryhasseenagreaterincreaseintheuseofantidepressants(抗抑郁药);nowonlythePortugueseandIcelandersarepoppingmoreofthe1.Around4.5mBritonswereincontactwithmental-healthservicesin2021-22,ariseofalmostlminfiveyears.ThereareafewreasonswhyBritonsmightbeunhappierthantheir2.OneglobalpollfoundthatteenagersinBritainweresomeoftheloneliestintheworld,withfewsupportiverelationshipsandalowsenseofpurposeandmeaning:allriskfactorsforpoormentalhealth.Britain’spooresthouseholdsarealso3offthantheirequivalentsinFranceandGermany,forexample,whichmakesthemmorevulnerabletoconditionssuchasanxietyanddepression.AndBritain’shealthsystemcanseemmore4thanthoseinmostotherrichcountries.InEnglandalone,some3.8marewaitingformental-healthtreatment.Thosefactorsmightexplainwhymorepeopleare5tomedication.Anotherreasonisincreasedawareness.CampaignsarounddepressionandanxietyhavebeenparticularlysuccessfulinBritain.Thatis6agoodthing.Areductioninhumiliation(蒙羞)hasencouragedmorepeopletoseekhelp.Takingantidepressants–orusingmental-healthservices—hasbecomemuchmoreacceptable.Butthereisa7tothis,asTheEconomistrecentlyreported.SurveyssuggestthatBritonsareincreasingly8commonhumanemotions,suchasstressandgrief,asmentalillnesses.“You’regoingtoloseanysenseofwhatmentalillnessisifyoustartto9itto30%,50%ofthepopulation,”saysAdrianMassey,authorofabookcalled“Sick-NoteBritain”.Forallthefocusonanxietyanddepressionincampaigns,severementalillnessesstillreceivetoolittleattention.Thisisaproblem:accordingtotheGBD,BritainhasthehighestratesofseverementalillnessinEurope.Thecausesofsuchconditionsareunclear,butseemtoinvolvea10interplayofgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.Illegaldrugmisuse,forwhichBritainhasamongthehighestratesintheregion,alsoplaysarole.话题2科学与技术Passage1A．technical

B．attributed

C．confined

D．observations

E.sensation

F.totaling

G.anticipatoryH.consistent

I.precisely

J.suspicious

K.attachedForcenturies,peoplehavedescribedunusualanimalbehaviorjustaheadofseismic(地震的)events:dogsbarkingendlessly,cowshaltingtheirmilk,toadsleapingfromponds.Afewresearchershavetriedtoprovealink,butmostsuchattemptshavereliedlargelyonanecdotesandsingle1.NowresearchersattheUniversityofKonstanz,alongwithamultinationalteamofcolleagues,saytheyhavemanagedto2measureincreasedactivityinagroupoffarmanimalspriortoseismicactivity.Duringseparateperiods3aboutfourmonthsin2016and2017,theresearchers4thesehighlysensitivebiologgersandGPSsensors,whichcanrecordacceleratedmovementsinanydirection,tosixcows,fivesheepandtwodogslivingonafarminanearthquake-proneareaofnorthernItalytokeeptrackoftheactivitiesandthenervousnessofanimals.“Onlynowcanwedocontinuousbiologging,”saysstudyco-authorMartinWikelski.“Becausethe5possibilitiesarefinallythere.”Thepaper’sstatisticalanalysisshowedanimals’activitysignificantlyincreasedbeforemagnitude3.8orgreaterearthquakeswhentheywerehousedtogetherinastable—butnotwhentheywereouttopasture(吃草).Wikelskisaysthisdifferencecouldbelinkedtotheincreasedstresssomeanimalsfeelin6spaces.Analyzingtheincreasedmovementsasawhole,theresearchersclaim,showedaclearsignalof7behaviorhoursaheadoftremors.Besides,itshowedthatthefarmanimalsappearedtoanticipatequakesanywherefromoneto20hoursahead,reactingearlierwhentheywereclosertotheoriginandlaterwhentheywerefartheraway.Thisfindingis8withahypothesisthatanimalssomehowsenseasignalthatspreadsoutward.Itholdsthatinthedaysbeforeanearthquake,shiftingtectonicplates(地壳板块)squeezerocksalongafaultline,causingtherockstoreleasemineralsthatforceionsintotheair,andthentheanimalsreacttothisnovel9.Notinvolvedwiththenewstudy,WendyBohon,ageologistfromWashington,D．C．,is10oftheairionizationidea.HeikoWoith,ageologistatGFZGermanResearchCenterforGeosciences,saysthetimeframewasstilltooshortandpointsoutthatlimiteddatacollectioninmanystudiesmakesitimpossibletodeterminewhetherameasuredsignalwasrelatedtoaquakeorwassimplynoise.Passage2A．revealB．meansC．identifyD．confirmed

E.highlighted

F.valueG.return

H.appearanceI.conditions

J.trained

K.discriminateFaceshapeletsAIspotraredisordersPeoplewithgeneticsyndromessometimeshavetelltale(泄露秘密的)facialfeatures,butusingthemtomakeaquickandcheapdiagnosiscanbetrickygiventherearehundredsofpossible1theymayhave.Anewneuralnetworkthatanalysesphotographsoffacescanhelpdoctorsnarrowdownthepossibilities.YaronGurovichatbiotechnologyfirmFDNAinBostonandhisteambuiltaneuralnetworktolookatthegestalt—oroverallimpression—offacesand2alistofthe10geneticsyndromesapersonismostlikelytohave.They3theneuralnetwork,calledDeepGestalt,on17,000imagescorrectlylabelledtomatchmorethan200geneticsyndromes(综合症).TheteamthenaskedtheAIto4potentialgeneticdisordersfromafurther502photosofpeoplewithsuchconditions.Itincludedthecorrectansweramongitslistof10responses91percentofthetime.Gurovichandhisteamalsotestedtheneuralnetwork’sabilitytodistinguishbetweenthedifferentgeneticmutations(变异)thatcanleadtothesamesyndrome.TheyusedphotographsofpeoplewithNoonansyndrome,whichcanresultfrommutationsinanyoneoffivegenes.DeepGestaltcorrectlyidentifiedthegeneticsourceofthephysical564percentofthetime.It’sclearlynotperfect,butit’sstillmuchbetterthanhumansareattryingtodothis.Asthesystemmakesitsassessments,thefacialregionsthatweremosthelpfulinthedeterminationare6andmadeavailablefordoctorstoview.Thishelpsthemtounderstandtherelationshipsbetweengeneticmake-upandphysicalappearance.Thefactthatthediagnosisisbasedonasimplephotographraisesquestionsaboutprivacy.Iffacescan7detailsaboutgenetics,thenemployersandinsuranceproviderscould,inprinciple,secretlyusesuchtechniquesto8againstpeoplewhohaveahighprobabilityofhavingcertaindisorders.However,Gurovichsaysthetoolwillonlybeavailableforusebyclinicians.Thistechniquecouldbringsignificantbenefitsforthosewhohavegeneticsyndromes.Therealvaluehereisthatforsomeoftheseultra-rarediseases,theprocessofdiagnosiscanbemany,manyyears.Thiskindoftechnologycanhelpnarrowdownthesearchspaceandthenbe9throughcheckinggeneticmarkers.Forsomediseases,itwillcutdownthetimetodiagnosisdramatically.Forothers,itcouldperhapsadd10offindingotherpeoplewiththediseaseand,inturn,helpfindnewtreatmentsorcures.话题3科学与研究Passage1A．techniquesB．negativeC．factualD．slipE.identifyF.consciousG.stickH.distanceI.analyzersJ.approachK.deceptiveTheLanguageofLying“Sorry,myphonedied.”“It’snothing.I’mfine.”“Iloveyou.”Wehearanywherefrom10to200liesaday,andwespentmuchofourhistorycomingupwithwaystodetectthem,frommedievaltorturedevicestopolygraphs,blood-pressureandbreathingmonitors,voice-stress1andeyetrackers.Butalthoughsuchtoolshaveworkedundercertaincircumstances,mostcanbefooledwithenoughpreparation,andnoneareconsideredreliableenoughtoevenbeadmissibleincourt.But,whatiftheproblemisnotwiththe2,buttheunderlyingassumptionthatlyingbringsaboutphysiologicalchanges?Whatifwetookamoredirect3,usingcommunicationsciencetoanalyzetheliesthemselves?Psychologicallyspeaking,weliepartlytopaintabetterpictureofourselves,connectingourfantasiestothepersonwewishwewereratherthanthepersonweare.Butwhileourbrainisbusydreaming,it’slettingplentyofsignals4by.Our5mindonlycontrolsabout5%ofourcognitivefunction,includingcommunicationwhiletheother95%occursbeyondourawareness.Accordingtotheliteratureonrealitymonitoring,storiesbasedonimaginedexperiencesarequalitativelydifferentfromthosebasedonrealexperiences.Thissuggeststhatcreatingafalsestoryaboutapersonaltopictakesworkandresultsinadifferentpatternoflanguageuse.Atechnologyknownaslinguistictextanalysishashelpedto6threesuchcommonpatternsinthesubconsciouslanguageofdeception.First,liarsmentionthemselveslesswhenmaking7statements.Theywriteortalkmoreaboutothers,oftenusingthethirdpersonto8themselvesfromtheirlie,whichsoundsmorefalse:“Absolutelynopartytookplaceatthishouse,”or“Nobodyhostedapartyhere.”Second,liarstendtobemore9,becauseonasubconsciouslevel,theyfeelguiltyaboutlying.Forexample,aliarmightsaysomethinglike,“Sorry,mystupidphonebatterydied.Ihatethatthing.”Third,liarstendtouselongersentencestructure,insertingirrelevantbut10soundingdetailsinordertopadthelie.APresidentconfrontedwithascandalclaimed:“Icansay,categorically,thatthisinvestigationindicatesthatnooneontheWhiteHousestaff,nooneinthisadministrationpresentlyemployedwasinvolvedinthisveryoddincident.”Passage2A．challenging

B．costly

C．exclusion

D．guaranteed

E.necessarily

F.performedG.scale

H.similarly

I.suffering

J.tracked

K.vainIsmorehappinessalwaysbetterthanless?Theresearchersaskedcollegestudentstoratetheirfeelingsona21from“unhappy”to“veryhappy”andcomparedtheresultswithacademicandsocialoutcomes.Thoughthe“veryhappy”participantshadthebestsociallives,they22worseinschoolthanthosewhoweremerely“happy”.Theresearchersthenexaminedadatasetfromanotherstudythatratedcollegefreshman’s“cheerfulness”and23theirincomenearlytwodecadeslater.Theyfoundthatthemostcheerfulwerenotthehighestearners.Thatdistinctiononceagainwenttothesecond-highestgroup,whichratedtheircheerfulnessas“aboveaverage”.Aswitheverythinginlife,happinesshasitstrade-offs.Pursuinghappinesstothe24ofothergoals—knownaspsychologicalhedonism(享乐主义)—notonlyisin25,butmayalsogiveyoualifewhereyoudonotreachyourfull,potential,whereyouareunwillingtotakerisks,whereyouchoosetemporarypleasuresover26experiencesthatgivelifemeaning.Thewaytounderstandthestudyaboveisnottodenythathappinessisgood;rather,itistorememberthatalittlebitofunhappinesshasbenefits.WhenItalkwithpeopleabouttheirfearofnegativeoutcomesinlife,theirtruesourceoffear,inmanycases,centersonhowtheywillfeelabouthavingfailed,notabouttheconsequencesoffailureitself.Thisissimilartothewaydiscomfortwithuncertaintycausesmoreanxietythan27badnews.Toavoidthesebadfeelings,peoplegiveupallkindsofopportunitiesthatinvolvethepossibilityoffailure.However,bringinggoodthingsintoyourlife,whetherloveorcareersuccess,usuallyinvolvesrisk.Riskdoesnot,ofcourse,28makeushappy.Ariskylifewillverylikelybringdisappointment,butitcanbringgreaterrewardsthanalifeplayedsafe,asthestudiessuggested.Noneofthisistosaythatwearefoolishforwantingtobehappy.Onthecontrary,thedesireforhappinessisnaturalandnormal.However,makingthequestforpositivefeelingsyourhighestoronlygoalisa29lifestrategy.Endlesshappinessisimpossibletoachieve,anddoingsosacrificesmanyoftheelementsofagoodlife.AstheCanadian-AmericanpsychologistPaulBloomwrote,“It’sthe30wechoosethataffordsthemostopportunityforpleasure,meaning,andpersonalgrowth.”话题4环保与发展Passage1A．switch

B．cost

C．deadliest

D．flooding

E.items

F.shippingG.translates

H.packed

I.sticks

J.lightweight

K.recycle

Plasticiseverywhere,butit’snotgreatforourhealthortheplanet.Inthepast,atypicalboxfromAmazon—anonlineshoppingplatform—arrived1withplasticairpillows(枕头)madefromflexibleplasticfilm.Whenplasticfilmisthrownaway,itoftenendsupinlandfillsorintheenvironment,includingtheoceans,whereitcaninjureandkillmarinelife.Instudiesof80marinespeciesthatdiedafterswallowingavarietyofplasticrubbish,flexibleplasticprovedtobethe2.NowAmazonannouncedthatbyOctober2024,ithadremovedallplasticairpillowsfromitsdeliverypackaging.“Wewanttomakesurethefinalpackageiseasyto3athome,”saysPatLindner,Amazon’svicepresidentofsustainablepackaging.Tomakethe4,thecompanyhadtomakesurethatareplacementwouldworkaswellastheplasticversion.Itactuallyturnedouttoperformbetter.Thenumberofpackagesthatgetdamagedinshipmentwasreduced.Amazonworkedwithsupplierstofinda5,100%recycledpaperthat’seasiertowraparoundanobjecttoprotectit.Thepaperalsotakesuplessspace,sonowmore6fitinasmallerbox.That7tousinglessgasorelectricity,inthecaseofthecompany’selectricvanstomakeadelivery.It’sawelcomechangefollowingyearsofpressurefromenvironmentalgroupstostopplasticpollution8intooceans.“Thefactthattheworld’slargeste-commercecompanyhasmadeplasticairpillowsathingofhistorygloballyisfantasticnewsfortheworld’soceans,”thenonprofitOceanasaidinastatementinresponsetoAmazon’sannouncement.Plasticischeap,butthenewsystemsavesthecompanymoneysincethere’slessriskthatsomethingwillbreakduring9andneedreplacement,Lindnersays.“Andsothefactthatwecandeliverpackagesmoresafelyandwithlessdamageisa10savingtous.”Passage2A．absentB．floodC．boundD．indistinguishableE.polishingF.strikinglyG.consequentlyH.commandI.engagedJ.differingK.criticallyRhinoceroshorns(犀牛角)arebigbusiness.TraditionalChinesemedicineusesthemtotreatrheumatismandgout,eventhoughtheyhavenoactualpharmaceuticalpropertiesbeyondplacebo(安慰剂).Andcraftsmencarvethemintodaggerhandles.Akilogramcanthus1asmuchas$60,000,sothereistremendousincentiveforpoacherstohunttheanimals.Sincealmostallrhinocerospopulationsareendangered,several2,thisisaseriousproblem.Someconservationiststhereforesuggestthatawaytoreducepressureontheanimalsmightbeto3themarketwithfakes.This,theyhope,wouldreducethevalueofrealhornsand4,themotivationtohuntrhinos.Thatwouldrequirethefakestobegood.ButFritzVollrath,azoologistatOxfordUniversity,thinkshisskillsasaforger(伪造者)areuptothechallenge.AshewritesinScientificReports,heandhiscolleaguesfromFudanUniversity,inShanghai,havecomeupwithacheapandeasy-to-makefake5similartotherealthing.ThemainingredientofDr.Vollrath’sforgedhornsishorsehair.Despitetheir6appearances,horsesandrhinosarereasonablycloselyrelated.Horsesdonothavehorns,ofcourse.But,technically,neitherdorhinos.The“horns”ofrhinocerosarecomposedofhairs7tightlytogetherusingamixtureofdeadcells.Examinationunderamicroscopeshowedthathairscollectedfromhorses’tailshadsimilarfeaturestothosefoundinthehornsofrhinosexceptthathorsehairshadaspeciallayer8inthoseoftherhino,buttheresearcherswereabletoremovethiswithasolutionoflithiumbromide.(溴化锂溶液)Theybundledthetreatedhorsehairsastightlyastheycouldinamatrixofaspecialglue,andthenleftthebundlesinanoventodry.Theresultwasaroughmaterialthat,withsome9,lookedlikerhinohorn.Whethertolaunch10fakesontotherhinoceros-hornmarketwouldtrulyreducepricesanddemandremainstobetested.Butitmight.Itisanoldtrickinwarfaretoleavetheenemywithforged,worthlessmoney.Somethingsimilarmayyethelpsavetherhino.话题5生态与自然Passage1A．averageB．adaptC．consistingD．persistentE.exactlyF.stuckG.failingH.extremelyI.referredJ.initialK.rangeFromroughlythe16thto19thcenturies,muchoftheEarthwascaughtbyapersistentfreezingcold.Duringthistime,theNorthernHemisphere(半球)experiencedlongstretchesoftemperaturessocoldthatpeoplewitnessedcrops1andriversfreezing—liketheScheldtRiver.ThousandsofpeoplewalkingandplayingacrossthefrozenRiverThames;Soldiersonhorsebackseeingships2intheice;NativesusingsnowshoestooutsmarttheEnglisharmy…TheseweresomeoftheimagesthatdefinetheLittleIceAge—aperiodofseveralcenturieslastmillenniuminwhichpartsoftheNorthernHemispherestruggledwitha(n)3cold.ButwhatcausedtheLittleIceAge,howlongdiditlast,howdidpeople4tothefreezingcold—andwhatlessonscanwelearnasweenterourownperiodofclimaticchange?TheLittleIceAgewasnotatrueiceage—5coolingwasprobablyonlyintheorderof0.5degreesCelsius,or1degreeFahrenheit—orwasitconsistentlycold.DagomarDegroot,associateprofessorofenvironmentalhistoryatGeorgetownUniversityhas6totheeraasaseriesof“littleiceages.”Althoughsomeresearchersargueitmayhavebegunearlier,NASAdefinestheLittleIceAgeasbeginningaround1550and7ofthreecoldpeaks-around1650,1770and1850.Scientistsarestillworkingout8whatcausedtheLittleIceAgetoo.Theories9fromdecreasedsolaractivitytoincreasedvolcaniceruptions,tothedeclineofpopulationsinNorthAmerica,whichallowedforeststoreplaceagriculturalland,intheprocessremovingaboutsevenbilliontonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere.A2022studyarguedthatthe10triggerwasactuallyariseofextremelywarmwaterflowingnorthfromthetropicsinthelate1300s,whichpushedArcticiceintotheNorthAtlantic.Whateverthecause,theconsequencesoftheLittleIceAgehavealastingeffectonhistory,althoughtowhatextentisstillcontroversial.Passage2A．critics

B．experimented

C．supply

D．sufficient

E．feed

F．resolveG．hazardous

H．novel

I．processed

J．produced

K．extinctThepopulationoftheworldisincreasingrapidly.By2030,therecouldbe8.0billionpeopleonearth.Willtherebe1foodforallthesepeople,orwillwehaveafoodshortage?Somescientiststhinkfishfarmingcould2thisproblem.However,otherscientistsworrythatfishfarmingcouldcauseseriousenvironmentalproblems.Fishfarmingisnota3thing.TherewerefishfarmsinChina3,000yearsago.Today,aboutone-thirdofthefishweeatcomesfromfishfarms.Mostfishfarmsraiseplant-eatingfish.Popularkindsofplant-eatingfisharecarp,tilapia,andcatfish.Unfortunately,manyfishfarmsarestartingtoraisemeat-eatingfish.Apopulartypeofmeat-eatingfishissalmon.Thesemeat-eatingfishliveon4foodmadefromwildfish.However,ittakesupto5tonsofwildfishtoproducejust1tonoffarm-raisedsalmon.The5ofwildfishisalreadydecreasing.Eventually,manytypesofwildfishcouldgo6.Whatwillwedothen?7offishfarmingalsosaythatfarm-raisedfishisunhealthyforhumans.Theysaythefishcontainsdangerouschemicals.Theyalsoblametheissueonfishfarmingbecauseitpollutesthewater.Anothercriticismisthatfarm-raisedfishcanspreaddiseasestowildfish.Somepeoplesaythatthefarmingmethodsbeingusednowhasn’t8enoughfishanyway.Insteadofputtingfishfarmsinlakesornearthecoast,theysaythatthefishfarmsshouldbemovedfaroutintotheocean.Severalcountrieshavealready9withdeep-oceanfarms.Inthefuture,fishfarmsmightbelargecagesthatmoveacrosstheocean.Likemostthings,thereisbothagoodandabadsidetofishfarming.Fishfarmingmayhelpto10millionsofpeople.Atthesametime,however,fishfarmingmaydamagetheenvironment.话题6运动与健康Passage1A．comprehensiveB．spreadC．impactD．incredibleE.observedF.comparedG.successH.firmlyI.combinationJ.heavilyK.motivateAnewreportbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)revealsthataroundoneinahundreddeathsworldwideisduetopassivesmoking,whichkillsanestimated600,000peopleayear.Inthefirststudytoassesstheglobal1ofsecond-handsmoke,WHOexpertsfindthatchildrenaremore2exposedtosecond-handsmokethananyotherage-group,andaround165,000ofthemayeardiebecauseofit.Children’sexposuretosecond-handsmokeismostlikelytohappenathome,andthedoubleblowofinfectiousdiseasesandtobaccoseemstobeadeadly3forchildrenintheseregions.Commentingonthefindings,HeatherWipfliandJonathanSametfromtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,saidpolicymakerstryto4familiestostopsmokinginthehome.Whiledeathsduetopassivesmokinginchildrenwereskewed(曲解)towardpoorandmiddle-incomecountries,deathsinadultswere5acrosscountriesatallincomelevels.InEurope’shigh-incomecountries,only71childdeathsoccurred,while35,388deathswereinadults.YetinthecountrieslikeAfrica,anestimated43,375deathsduetopassivesmokingwereinchildren6with9,514inadults.Only7.4percentoftheworldpopulationcurrentlylivesinplaceswith7smoke-freelaws,andthoselawsarenotalways8enforced(施行).Inplaceswheresmoke-freerulesare9,researchshowsthatexposuretosecond-handsmokeinhigh-riskplaceslikebarsandrestaurantscanbecutby90percent,andingeneralby60percent,theresearcherssaid.Studiesalsoshowsuchlawshelptoreducethenumberofcigarettessmokedbysmokersandleadtohigher10ratesinthosetryingtoquit.Passage2A．avoided

B．processed

C．suited

D．equal

E.steer

F.interfereG.understandably

H.concentration

I.thirst

J.cabin

K.unsettleEatingonaplaneusedtobecommonpractice.ButintheageofCOVID-19,manypassengersare1lessinclinedtoremovetheirmaskstotakeamid-flightbite―ortoevenhaveasnackattheairport.Asaresult,it’smorecommontoeatathomebeforeembarkingonaflight.Thosewithlongertraveljourneysmayeveneatalargemealtocarrythemthroughtheday.Still,notallpreflighteatsarecreated2.TracyLockwoodBeckerman,aregistereddietitianbasedinNewYorkCity,saidit’sworthconsideringyouroverallhealthasyouprepfortravel,includingwhatyoueatanddrink.“It’simportanttoeatfoodsthatwillkeepyourimmunesystemstrong,keepyouhydratedandareeasilydigestedbeforeflying,”Beckermansaid.So,whichfoodsarebest3onadaywhenyou’retravelingbyplane?“It’ssupercommonfordehydrationtosetinwhenflying,thankstothelackofhumidityanddryairinthe4,”Beckermansaid.“That’swhyit’snotthesmartesttohaveamealhighinsodium(钠)thedaybeforeormorningofyourflight.”Beckermanalsoadvisedgoingeasyonthesaltshaker,optingforsnackswithoutaddedsalttoavoiddehydration-relatedheadaches.Alcoholconsumptiontendstocausedehydrationandhasadifferenteffectonthebodythanif