专题05 定语从句（期末复习讲义）（原卷版及全解全析）

3/3专题05定语从句（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点考情分析20252025全国一卷非限制性定语从句--关系代词which【考向透视】分析近年高考英语真题，定语从句是高考英语的语法基石与能力分水岭，其考查全面渗透于各题型，兼具基础性和区分度。在语法填空和短文改错中直接考查，重点区分：关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose)在从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定）。关系副词(when/where/why)与“介词+which”的转换。非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开，不用that）是高频易错点。在阅读理解中考查学生能否快速拆解含有嵌套定语从句的长难句，准确定位先行词，是理解复杂信息、攻克主旨与推断题的关键。在完形填空语境中，选择正确的关系词（如区分where与which）以保障逻辑连贯，考查微观语篇能力。在书面表达中能否主动、准确地使用定语从句（尤其是非限制性定语从句）升级句式，是作文获得语言丰富性高分的关键标志。【复习目标】1.了解定语从句的基本用法;2.区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句;3.熟知关系代词和关系副词的用法并能正确判断使用哪种关系词；4.掌握“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句及as引导的定语从句。2025浙江1月卷非限制性定语从句--关系代词which2025全国二卷非限制性定语从句--关系副词where2025北京卷非限制性定语从句--关系代词which20242024·新课标I卷限制性定语从句--关系代词which/that2024·新课标II卷非限制性定语从句--关系代词who2024·全国甲卷限制性定语从句--关系代词which2024·北京卷非限制性定语从句--关系代词who2024·浙江1月限制性定语从句--关系代词which/that20232023·全国乙卷限制性定语从句--关系代词which/that2023·全国甲卷非限制性定语从句--关系副词where非限制性定语从句--关系代词as定语从句的概念和位置定语从句的概念和位置1．概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词常有三个作用：①连接主句和定语从句。②指代先行词。③在定语从句中充当成分。2．位置：通常放在被修饰词(即先行词)之后。如：在复合句“Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.”中“whohaslonghair”为定语从句，修饰agirl，agirl即为先行词，who为关系词，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当主语。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。01关系代词whowho指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时可省略。Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyou.有个女孩儿想见你。(who作主语)Thatistheman(who)ImetinBeijinglastyear.他就是我去年在北京碰见的那个人。(who作宾语，可省略)02关系代词whomwhom指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略，此时也可用who代替。Hewasapersonalfriend(who/whom)I’veknownformanyyears.他是一位我认识多年的私人朋友。(who/whom在定语从句中作known的宾语)Theoldman(who/whom)yousawyesterdayisathinker.你昨天见到的那位老人是一位思想家。(who/whom在定语从句中作saw的宾语)03关系代词thatthat代替指人或指物的先行词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Thisisthehouse(that)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。Thisisthethief(that)wehavebeenlookingforthesedays.这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。关系代词只能用who，不能用that的情况。①先行词是指人的代词时，如one、ones、anyone、those等。Onewhohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。②先行词为人称代词时，关系代词应用who。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。04关系代词whichwhich指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecentreofthecityhasbeencleaned.(which指物，在从句中作主语，不能省略)穿过市中心的那条河已经清理过了。Theexactyear(which)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.(which指物，在从句中作宾语，可以省略)安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。(1)关系代词只能用which，不能用that的情况。①引导非限制性定语从句时。Football，whichisaveryinterestinggame，isplayedinmanycountries.足球是一项很有趣的运动，很多国家的人都踢足球。②介词后只能用which，不能用that。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.(which不可以省略)我们依靠土地获得食物。(2)关系代词只能用that，不能用which的情况。①当先行词为anything、nothing、something、all、much、few、any、little等不定代词或先行词被all、much、few等词修饰时。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是油的供给。②先行词被theonly、thevery等修饰时。Thisistheveryscarfthatmymotherhasbeenlookingfor.这就是我妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。③先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhaveevervisited.这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。④先行词既有人又有物时。CanyoutellmethepeopleandeventsthatyousawinBritain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗?⑤当关系代词在从句中作表语时。Chinaisnolongerthecountry(that)itusedtobe.(在主句中，thecountry作表语)中国已不再是过去的那个中国了。⑥当关系代词出现在以who或which开头的疑问句中时，为避免重复，关系代词用that。WhoistheboythatistalkingtoTinainEnglish?那个用英语和蒂娜说话的男孩是谁?05关系代词whosewhose既可指人也可指物，表所属关系。在定语从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可以转化为“the+名词+ofwhich/whom”和“ofwhich/whom+the+名词”的形式。Iwanttoreadthebookwhosecoverisblue，andpleasepassittome.=Iwanttoreadthebookofwhichthecoverisblue，andpleasepassittome.=Iwanttoreadthebookthecoverofwhichisblue，andpleasepassittome.我想看那本封面是蓝色的书，劳驾您递一下给我。Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurpriseseverybody.=Thisisthepersonofwhomthestory/thestoryofwhomsurpriseseverybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。whose通常可被“the+n.+ofwhom/which”或“ofwhom/which+the+n.”替换。Ourschoolplanstoholdaforeignlanguagefestival，whoseaimistoimprovestudents’interestinlearningforeignlanguage.→Ourschoolplanstoholdaforeignlanguagefestival，theaimofwhich/ofwhichtheaimistoimprovestudents’interestinlearningforeignlanguage.我们学校计划举办一次外语节，其目的是提高学生们学习外语的兴趣。06关系代词asas指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。常和thesame、such连用。构成固定用法“thesame...as...”和“such...as...”。EveninmydreamsIcouldn’timaginesuchabeautifulplaceasyouhaveofferedus.我做梦也想象不到你给了我们一个如此美丽的地方。Itwassodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscouldworkout.这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。【即时检测】1．Anyonewhoisaserveror____hasbeenoneknowsthatcustomersalwayscomefirst.A．whom B．what C．who D．which2．—Class，youshouldbethankfultothosepeople_______helpedandsupportedyou.—Wewill.MissChen.A．which B．whom C．who D．whose3．Shehasateenagergranddaughteraboutmyage________isreallykind.A．who B．which C．where D．/4．—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthedictionary______youlentmelastweek.A．who B．what C．that D．when5．—WhatdoyouthinkoftheshowReadersonCCTV?—It’sagreatTVshow_______expressesourtruefeelingsbyreadingaloudinpublic.A．whom B．who C．whose D．that6．—Whatkindofteachersdoyoulike，John?—Iliketheteachers_____arefriendlytous.A．which B．whose C．who7．—IntheprogramTheSingerin2018，IlikeHuaChenyumost.—Yes.Heisthesinger_______wonthefirstprizeofHappyBoy’sVoicein2013.A．what B．which C．who8．—OnlyYouisaTVprogram_______ispopularwithmostyoungpeople.—Yes，itisdefinitelytrue.A．that B．whose C．what D．who9．YuanLongpingisaChinesericescientist_______________isleadingaresearchtodevelop"searice".A．who B．whom C．which D．whose10．Dannymetafamousastronaut________wasthefirstCanadianastronautinspace.A．which B．what C．whose D．who11．—IhearthatLucy’suncleisaworkerhere.—Yes.Look，theman________isworkingoverthereisheruncle.A．whom B．who C．what D．which12．—HaveyouwatchedtheTVplay“IntheNameofPeople”(人民的名义)？—It’sthemostpopularplay______ourParty’stryingtostruggleagainstcorruption(反对腐败).A．whereshow B．whichshow C．thatshows D．whoshows13．Mygrandparentslikestories________havehappyendings.A．they B．who C．which D．/14．—Isthisthenewdictionary

___yougotyesterday?—Yes.Nowit'sveryconvenientformetolookupwords.A．that B．why C．what15．That’stheboy_______wonthefirstprizeinthecompetitionyesterday.A．who B．which C．whom易｜错｜点｜拨(1)关系代词只能用which，不能用that的情况。①引导非限制性定语从句时。Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame，isplayedinmanycountries.足球是一项很有趣的运动，很多国家的人都踢足球。②介词后只能用which，不能用that。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.(which不可以省略)我们依靠土地获得食物。(2)关系代词只能用that，不能用which的情况。①当先行词为anything、nothing、something、all、much、few、any、little等不定代词或先行词被all、much、few等词修饰时。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是油的供给。②先行词被theonly、thevery等修饰时。Thisistheveryscarfthatmymotherhasbeenlookingfor.这就是我妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。③先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhaveevervisited.这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。④先行词既有人又有物时。CanyoutellmethepeopleandeventsthatyousawinBritain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗?⑤当关系代词在从句中作表语时。Chinaisnolongerthecountry(that)itusedtobe.(在主句中，thecountry作表语)中国已不再是过去的那个中国了。⑥当关系代词出现在以who或which开头的疑问句中时，为避免重复，关系代词用that。WhoistheboythatistalkingtoTinainEnglish?那个用英语和蒂娜说话的男孩是谁?关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句不缺主语、宾语或者表语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where，when，why。关系副词的指代及功能如下:关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语01关系副词when关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系副词在从句中作时间状语。相当于“介词in/at/on/during...+which”结构。常见的表示时间的名词有time、hour、day、year、moment、occasion(时刻)、age(年代)、period(阶段)、stage(时期)、interval(间隙)等。Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstsawyou.我永远不会忘记我第一次见到你的日子。I’llneverforgetthedayswhen/inwhichIstudiedintheclassroom.我永远不会忘记我在教室里学习的那些日子。OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.我有时间和孩子们待一天的机会很少。若时间名词后面的定语从句的关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则定语从句改用which或that引导。Doyourememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetheronthefarm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?(which/that作spent的宾语)02关系副词where关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。相当于“介词in/at/on...+which”结构。常见的表示抽象地点的名词有situation、point、case、position、condition、occasion等。Theschoolwhere/inwhichmysonstudiesisnearapark.我儿子就读的学校靠近公园。ItcametoapointwhereIhadtomakeadecision.事情到了我必须做出决定的地步。若地点名词后面的定语从句的关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则定语从句改用which或that引导。Theschoolwhich/thatwevisitedyesterdayisnewlybuilt.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(which/that作visited的宾语)03关系副词why关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词在从句中作原因状语。相当于“for+which”结构。Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhegotupsoearlyyesterday?你知道他昨天起个大早的原因吗?Helpinganoldmanonthewaytoschoolisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslateforschoollastWednesday.上学路上帮助一位老人是他上周三上学迟到的原因。若reason后的定语从句的关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则定语从句改用which或that引导。Doyouwanttoknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhealwaysgetsfullmarksinmathsexaminations?你想知道他在数学考试中总是得满分的原因吗?(why作原因状语)Iwon’tlistentothereasonwhich/thatyouhavegivenus.我坚决不听你告诉我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which或whom。01代词的选用(1)根据与定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。Heboughtabeautifulhouseonwhichhespentallhismoney.他花掉所有的积蓄买了一套漂亮的房子。SinceIwasalittlechild，I’vebeenfriendswithdiarywithwhomIcansharemydeepestfeelings.从孩时起，我和日记就一直是朋友，我可以和它分享我最深的感受。(2)根据定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配而定。TheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamousisabeautifulplace.西湖，杭州以其而闻名，是一个美丽的地方。MrWangforwhomIwasgratefulencouragedmetohaveapositiveattitudetochallengesinlife.我很感激王先生，他鼓励我在面对生活中的挑战时保持积极的态度。(3)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichtheyoncestayedtogether.他永远也忘不了他们曾一起待过的那一天。(4)根据所表达的意思来确定。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。①某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。Istillrememberthetimewhen(=duringwhich)Iwasincollege.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。Thisisthehotelwhere(=inwhich)theystayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)heleftinahurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。②有些“动词+介词”短语，如lookfor、lookafter、sendfor、callon、comeacross、longfor等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。Thedoctorthatyousentforhasnotcome.你派人去请的医生还没来。02关系代词的选择“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时，关系代词用whom，不能用who/that;先行词指物时，关系代词用which，不能用that。ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtabook.这就是我给买了一本书的那个学生。I’llneverforgetthefarmonwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。03“名词/数词/代词等+介词of+关系代词”结构“名词/数词/代词等+介词of+关系代词”结构，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。Theriver,thebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtrees，flowstothesea.这条两岸种满了树的河流流向大海。Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomareteachers.他有三个儿子，其中两个是老师。Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部小说都被拍成了电视剧。【即时检测】1．KnownasthestartingpointoftheSilkRoad,itservesasthecapitalforseveralancientdynastiesinChinesehistory,includingtheQin,Han,andTang,,thecitywascalledChang’an.2．Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimepeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.3．Withhighereducationbecomingmoreaccessibleacrossthedevelopingworld,gonearethedaysitwasmerelyaluxuryreservedfortheprivilegedelite.4．Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.5．Theskillofthejob,whichisdonetodaybyKaroJedrzejczyk,isinperfectingsoundeffectsforsubjectssuchaswildlifetothepointtheaudiencebelievestheyarenatural.6．“Withdemandstimulatedandsupplyconstrained,fuelpriceswillcontinuerisinguntildemandisdestroyedtoalevelitcanmeetsupply,”shesaid.7．Newlawyersoftencomeacrossvariouscasestheyreallydon’tknowhowtodealwithtoughsituationsinthebeginning.8．TheEnglishlanguagewassettledbythe19thcenturytwobigchangesinEnglishhappened.9．Miloespeciallylikedgoingtotherailwaystationneartheirhomeduringrushhour,________commuting(通勤)waschallengingformostpeople.10.TheseincludedanationalGochampionshiphostedbytheChineseWeiqiAssociation,aShanghaiamateurfencingopenorganizedbytheChinaSportSchoolFederation,andayouthjumpropecompetition60talentedstudentsdemonstratedtheirathleticabilities.基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）一、单句语法填空1．ThenewCRHtrainbetweenBeijingandShanghaispeedcanreachabout380km/hwillbenefitpeoplealot.2．IwillstampmygoldenstayinParisonmyheartIledahappyandfruitfullife.3．Canyouthinkofasituationthiswordcanbeused?4．ThosearegoingtoPekingUniversityarethebeststudentsofourschool.5．Sheboughtaplantleaveschangecolorwiththeseasons.6．Wemetatravelerhadvisitedover50countriesandsharedamazingstories.7．Theonlythingmattersinteen-parentcommunicationismutualrespect.8．Thereasonshecamelatewasthatshewasstuckinthetraffic.9．NewYearisawonderfultimefamilyandfriendscometogethertosaygoodbyetotheoldyearandwelcomethenewone.10．Theycutdowntreesandusechemicalsthatkilltheplantsmonarchcaterpillarseat.11．Somepassers-bywitnessedthecaraccidentfivepassengerswerekilled,ababyincluded.12．Horsesarecapableofstrategicthinkingandplanningahead,anewstudyhasfound.ResearchersatNottinghamTrentUniversitymadeagameforhorsestheyhadtotouchapieceofcardwiththeirnosestogetatreat.13．OrissaisthehometothreemassnestingsitesoftheOliverturtles,aspeciesthreatenedwithextinction,andoneofthesites,Gahirmatha,around70to80millionturtleslayeggsonthebeacheveryyear,isconsideredoneoftheworld’slargestnestingsites.14．McCarthyinterviewscannowbefoundeverywhereonlineclaimsthatcrunningisamorecompleteworkoutbecauseitincludestheupperbodyaswell.15．Theirleader,RobertE.Peary,capturedthehistoricmomentinphotographsashisteamproudlyhelduptheirflags.AmongthemwasMatthewHenson,anexperiencedexplorerskillshadbeenvitaltotheirsuccess.16．Intoday’sdigitalworldmostcommunicationiselectronic,writingheartfeltthank-younotesenhancesemotionalintelligenceandstrengthensrelationships.Itmakesyourworkplaceorhomebetter.17．Heisnotsostubbornamanrefusestolistentoreasonablesuggestions.18．ThenewAImodeluserfeedbackdirectlyadjustsitslearningalgorithms(算法)hasshownmuchhigheraccuracythantheoldversion.19．Sheeventuallyreachedapointshehadtomakeachoicebetweenhercareerandherfamily.20．Thegirlchosetoliveinaroomwindowfacesthesea.重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）1．She’sinasituationshehastosupportherfamilyalone.2．Thewomanwetalkedaboutismysister.3．JustthenIcaughtsightofaviolinwashangingonthewall.4．Withhimwasayoungfellowappearancetoldofmanydaysinhiding.5．Templesandotherculturalsiteswereputbacktogetheragaininaplacetheyweresafefromthewater.6．Thereasonhecouldnotgotothatfamousuniversitywasthathisgradeswastoolow.7．ThedayNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.8．Thatwasthedayittooksixhourstobreakmysoul.（用适当的词填空）9．DisneylandisthemostunforgettableplaceIhaveeverbeento.10．ThefourcountriesbelongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.11．Thisisthegreatarchitectworkshavewonmanyinternationalprizes.（用适当的词填空）12．ThecanalplayedanimportantroleinancientChinaisnowbeingwidened.13．Theonlythingwecandonowistowait.14．I’mverygratefultotheboybrightsmilegavemesomuchconfidence.15．HaveyoufoundtheanswertothequestionIaskedyouthismorning?16．Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everythingcomesintosightissonewtome.17．Paul’sfavouriteplayerwasaguyplayedforCharlotteHornets.18．Themanlegbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.19．Weworkhardertomakefurtherprogressinthefieldofsciencewearecuriousabout.20．Don’tsetgoalsgobeyondourabilitiesandskills.二、完成句子1．Hewenttoabigcity.Manyofhisfriendsworkinthecity.(改写定语从句)→2．Thechildisgoingthroughadifficultphase.Morecareandguidanceareneededinthisphase.(用定语从句合并句子)→3．Doyouremembertheplace?Weallusedtomeetthere.(用定语从句把句子合并起来)→4．Sherefusedtheoffer.I’dliketoknowthereason.(合并成定语从句)→5．①Thereisaparknearby.②Childrengathertoplayinthepark.(合并为含定语从句的复合句)→链接高考（测试时间：15分钟）一、单句语法填空1.（2025北京卷）However,accordingtoareportbytheWorldWildlifeFund,touristsleftover1.3billiontonsoffoodwastelastyear,accountedforabout8%ofthetotalglobalgasreleasein2024.2.（2024新课标I卷）TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutebroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.3.（2024全国甲卷）YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark-2.2millionacres-untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.4.（2024浙江1月卷）Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway_________willmakethemthemostmoney.5.（2023全国乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.6.（2021新课标II卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany___________usedalotofplastic,I’dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.7.（2021浙江1月卷）BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool___________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.8.（2020新课标卷）The80，000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum__________openedin1759.9.（2020江苏卷）Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from___________studentscanchooseforfree.10.（2024新课标II卷）Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(纪念)TangXianzu,isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.11.（2023全国甲卷）Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,_________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.12.（2023全国乙卷）Thecolorshechosecameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawoman________haircolorlookedjustperfect.13.（2022浙江1月卷）KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics___________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.14.（2022全国甲卷）Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang，___________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.15.（2020全国III卷）InancientChinalivedanartist,__________paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.16.（2020天津卷）Dr.Rowan,__________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.17.（2025全国二卷）Yetnow,IliveinthecountrysideofZhejiang,ChinawithmyChinesehusbandandhisfamily,bambooandteabushes(灌木)growwildinthemountains,chickensarealwaysfree-range,andcentralheatingdoesn’texist.18.（2021天津卷）WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfrom__________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.19.（2023全国甲卷）“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,_________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithissurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.20.（2021天津卷）AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands_________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.

专题05定语从句（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点考情分析20252025全国一卷非限制性定语从句--关系代词which【考向透视】分析近年高考英语真题，定语从句是高考英语的语法基石与能力分水岭，其考查全面渗透于各题型，兼具基础性和区分度。在语法填空和短文改错中直接考查，重点区分：关系代词(that/which/who/whom/whose)在从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定）。关系副词(when/where/why)与“介词+which”的转换。非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开，不用that）是高频易错点。在阅读理解中考查学生能否快速拆解含有嵌套定语从句的长难句，准确定位先行词，是理解复杂信息、攻克主旨与推断题的关键。在完形填空语境中，选择正确的关系词（如区分where与which）以保障逻辑连贯，考查微观语篇能力。在书面表达中能否主动、准确地使用定语从句（尤其是非限制性定语从句）升级句式，是作文获得语言丰富性高分的关键标志。【复习目标】1.了解定语从句的基本用法;2.区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句;3.熟知关系代词和关系副词的用法并能正确判断使用哪种关系词；4.掌握“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句及as引导的定语从句。2025浙江1月卷非限制性定语从句--关系代词which2025全国二卷非限制性定语从句--关系副词where2025北京卷非限制性定语从句--关系代词which20242024·新课标I卷限制性定语从句--关系代词which/that2024·新课标II卷非限制性定语从句--关系代词who2024·全国甲卷限制性定语从句--关系代词which2024·北京卷非限制性定语从句--关系代词who2024·浙江1月限制性定语从句--关系代词which/that20232023·全国乙卷限制性定语从句--关系代词which/that2023·全国甲卷非限制性定语从句--关系副词where非限制性定语从句--关系代词as定语从句的概念和位置定语从句的概念和位置1．概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词常有三个作用：①连接主句和定语从句。②指代先行词。③在定语从句中充当成分。2．位置：通常放在被修饰词(即先行词)之后。如：在复合句“Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.”中“whohaslonghair”为定语从句，修饰agirl，agirl即为先行词，who为关系词，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当主语。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。01关系代词whowho指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时可省略。Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyou.有个女孩儿想见你。(who作主语)Thatistheman(who)ImetinBeijinglastyear.他就是我去年在北京碰见的那个人。(who作宾语，可省略)02关系代词whomwhom指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略，此时也可用who代替。Hewasapersonalfriend(who/whom)I’veknownformanyyears.他是一位我认识多年的私人朋友。(who/whom在定语从句中作known的宾语)Theoldman(who/whom)yousawyesterdayisathinker.你昨天见到的那位老人是一位思想家。(who/whom在定语从句中作saw的宾语)03关系代词thatthat代替指人或指物的先行词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。Thisisthehouse(that)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。Thisisthethief(that)wehavebeenlookingforthesedays.这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。关系代词只能用who，不能用that的情况。①先行词是指人的代词时，如one、ones、anyone、those等。Onewhohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth.一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。②先行词为人称代词时，关系代词应用who。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。04关系代词whichwhich指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecentreofthecityhasbeencleaned.(which指物，在从句中作主语，不能省略)穿过市中心的那条河已经清理过了。Theexactyear(which)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.(which指物，在从句中作宾语，可以省略)安杰拉和她的家人在中国共同度过的确切年份是2008年。(1)关系代词只能用which，不能用that的情况。①引导非限制性定语从句时。Football，whichisaveryinterestinggame，isplayedinmanycountries.足球是一项很有趣的运动，很多国家的人都踢足球。②介词后只能用which，不能用that。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.(which不可以省略)我们依靠土地获得食物。(2)关系代词只能用that，不能用which的情况。①当先行词为anything、nothing、something、all、much、few、any、little等不定代词或先行词被all、much、few等词修饰时。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是油的供给。②先行词被theonly、thevery等修饰时。Thisistheveryscarfthatmymotherhasbeenlookingfor.这就是我妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。③先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhaveevervisited.这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。④先行词既有人又有物时。CanyoutellmethepeopleandeventsthatyousawinBritain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗?⑤当关系代词在从句中作表语时。Chinaisnolongerthecountry(that)itusedtobe.(在主句中，thecountry作表语)中国已不再是过去的那个中国了。⑥当关系代词出现在以who或which开头的疑问句中时，为避免重复，关系代词用that。WhoistheboythatistalkingtoTinainEnglish?那个用英语和蒂娜说话的男孩是谁?05关系代词whosewhose既可指人也可指物，表所属关系。在定语从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可以转化为“the+名词+ofwhich/whom”和“ofwhich/whom+the+名词”的形式。Iwanttoreadthebookwhosecoverisblue，andpleasepassittome.=Iwanttoreadthebookofwhichthecoverisblue，andpleasepassittome.=Iwanttoreadthebookthecoverofwhichisblue，andpleasepassittome.我想看那本封面是蓝色的书，劳驾您递一下给我。Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurpriseseverybody.=Thisisthepersonofwhomthestory/thestoryofwhomsurpriseseverybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。whose通常可被“the+n.+ofwhom/which”或“ofwhom/which+the+n.”替换。Ourschoolplanstoholdaforeignlanguagefestival，whoseaimistoimprovestudents’interestinlearningforeignlanguage.→Ourschoolplanstoholdaforeignlanguagefestival，theaimofwhich/ofwhichtheaimistoimprovestudents’interestinlearningforeignlanguage.我们学校计划举办一次外语节，其目的是提高学生们学习外语的兴趣。06关系代词asas指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。常和thesame、such连用。构成固定用法“thesame...as...”和“such...as...”。EveninmydreamsIcouldn’timaginesuchabeautifulplaceasyouhaveofferedus.我做梦也想象不到你给了我们一个如此美丽的地方。Itwassodifficultaproblemasnobodyinmyclasscouldworkout.这个问题很难以至于我们班里没有人能解出来。【即时检测】1．Anyonewhoisaserveror____hasbeenoneknowsthatcustomersalwayscomefirst.A．whom B．what C．who D．which2．—Class，youshouldbethankfultothosepeople_______helpedandsupportedyou.—Wewill.MissChen.A．which B．whom C．who D．whose3．Shehasateenagergranddaughteraboutmyage________isreallykind.A．who B．which C．where D．/4．—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthedictionary______youlentmelastweek.A．who B．what C．that D．when5．—WhatdoyouthinkoftheshowReadersonCCTV?—It’sagreatTVshow_______expressesourtruefeelingsbyreadingaloudinpublic.A．whom B．who C．whose D．that6．—Whatkindofteachersdoyoulike，John?—Iliketheteachers_____arefriendlytous.A．which B．whose C．who7．—IntheprogramTheSingerin2018，IlikeHuaChenyumost.—Yes.Heisthesinger_______wonthefirstprizeofHappyBoy’sVoicein2013.A．what B．which C．who8．—OnlyYouisaTVprogram_______ispopularwithmostyoungpeople.—Yes，itisdefinitelytrue.A．that B．whose C．what D．who9．YuanLongpingisaChinesericescientist_______________isleadingaresearchtodevelop"searice".A．who B．whom C．which D．whose10．Dannymetafamousastronaut________wasthefirstCanadianastronautinspace.A．which B．what C．whose D．who11．—IhearthatLucy’suncleisaworkerhere.—Yes.Look，theman________isworkingoverthereisheruncle.A．whom B．who C．what D．which12．—HaveyouwatchedtheTVplay“IntheNameofPeople”(人民的名义)？—It’sthemostpopularplay______ourParty’stryingtostruggleagainstcorruption(反对腐败).A．whereshow B．whichshow C．thatshows D．whoshows13．Mygrandparentslikestories________havehappyendings.A．they B．who C．which D．/14．—Isthisthenewdictionary

___yougotyesterday?—Yes.Nowit'sveryconvenientformetolookupwords.A．that B．why C．what15．That’stheboy_______wonthefirstprizeinthecompetitionyesterday.A．who B．which C．whom1．C考查定语从句。句意：任何服务员或曾经做过服务员的人都知道顾客至