雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《语言学通识》单元测试考核答案

注：不含主观题第1题单选题(1分)()WhichofthefollowingspeechactscanbecategorizedintodirectivesaccordingtoJ.Searle?ARequestBApologizeCRefuseDThank第2题单选题(1分)()Whichactconcernstheeffect/consequenceofanutterancethatmayhaveontheaddressee?AAssertiveBLocutionCPerlocutionDIllocution第3题单选题(1分)()Theillocutionaryactof“It’scoldhere”maybe____________.AIfeelcold.BIt’sreallycoldhere.CAsksomeonetoopenthedoor.DAsksomeonetoturnontheaircondition.第4题单选题(1分)()WhichoneisNOToneofthemaximsofCooperativePrinciple?AQuantityBQualityCRelationDOrder第5题单选题(1分)()Inthefollowingexample,Lucyisviolatingthemaximof()?---Jack:WhatisyourEnglishteacherlike?---Lucy:It’stimeforlunch.ARelationBQualityCQuantityDManner第6题单选题(1分)()_____isadvancedbyGeoffLeech.ACooperativePrincipleBPolitenessPrincipleCTheGeneralPrincipleofUniversalGrammarDAdjacencyPrinciple第7题单选题(1分)Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtotheexamplesofnegativepoliteness?

AIamlookingforapen.BJustwanttoaskyouif

coulduseyourcomputer?

CYoumustbehungry,it’salongtimesincebreakfast.Howaboutsomelunch?

DYoumustforgivemebut…第8题多选题(2分)Generally,pragmaticmarkershavetwomacro-functions:__________.ATextualfunctionBIdeationalfunctionCInterpersonalfunctionDPhaticfunction正确答案：AC第9题单选题(1分)()Inthefollowingsentence,whichoneisthefalseexpressionaboutpragmaticmarkers?ATheyare“smallwords”suchas“well,youknow,Imean”inEnglish.BTheyseemmeanverylittlebutplaysanimportantroleinconversation.CPragmaticmarkersaresomevaguenessmarkerssuchas“sortof,kindof”orcommentclauseslike“Imean,Ithink,youknow,yousee”.DPragmaticmarkersareatypeofinsert,thatis,theyare‘stand-alonewordswhicharecharacterizedingeneralbytheirabilitytoenterintosyntacticrelationswithotherstructures’.第10题判断题(1分)()TheCooperativePrincipleexertsrestrictionsuponthewaywetalk.‌5.()Bythefeatureofindeterminacy,wemeanthatconversationalimplicaturesarehardtogetinaspecificcontext.第11题判断题(1分)()Aconversationalimplicatureiscapableofbeingcanceled,eitherbyanexplicitlydeclarationthatthespeakerisintendingtomeanotherwise,implicitly,bytheco-textandcontext.第12题判断题(1分)()Positivefacerefersto“Anindividual’srighttofreedomofactionandhisorherneednottobeimposedonbyothers”.第13题判断题(1分)()Therearefivestrategiesofpoliteness:Baldon-record,Positivepoliteness,Negativepoliteness,Off-record,andDon’tdotheFTA.第14题判断题(1分)()InLeech’sPolitenessPrinciple,itseemstosuggestthatpolitenesstendstofavorselfthanothers.第15题判断题(1分)()Generally,pragmaticmarkershavetwomacro-functions:TextualFunction&InterpersonalFunction.Inthetextualfunctionpragmaticmarkerstypicallyindicateastructuralboundaryinthediscourse.Intheinterpersonalfunctionpragmaticmarkersareassociatedwithepistemicmodalityandexpressanemotion,areactionorattitudetothehearerortothetext.第二章课后习题第1题单选题(1分)Sociolinguistsareinterestedinexplainingwhywespeakdifferentlyindifferentsocialcontexts,andtheyareconcernedwithidentifyingthesocialfunctionsoflanguageandthewaysitisusedtoconvey__________meaning.()AlinguisticBsemanticCsocialDpragmatic第2题单选题(1分)Theformalityscaleisusefulinassessingtheinfluenceof__________ofinteractiononlanguagechoice.()AparticipantrelationshipsBthesocialsettingortypeCsocialpositionDthepurposesortopic第3题单选题(1分)Whenalanguageiswidelyusedoverarelativelylargegeographicalareaasalanguageofwidercommunication,itisknownasa__________—acommonlanguagebutonewhichisnativeonlytosomeofitsspeakers.

AstandardlanguageBvernacularlanguageCnon-standardlanguageDlinguafranca第4题单选题(1分)__________isthecaseinwhichacommunityusestwodistinctformsofthesamelanguage,oneofwhichisregardedtobemoreprestigiousthantheother.()ADiglossiaBBilingualismCCreoleDPidgin第5题单选题(1分)Whichofthefollowingstatementscannotexplainthereasonswhywomenusemorestandardlinguisticformsthanmen?()AStandardspeechformsaregenerallyassociatedwithhighsocialstatusandwomentendtobemoresensitivethanmentothestatusnormsofthelanguage.BMenplaytheroleofguardiansofsociety’svalueandsocietytendstoexpect‘better’behaviorfrommenthanfromwomen.CWomen,asasubordinategroup,mustavoidoffendingmen—andsotheymustspeakcarefullyandpolitely.DMenprefervernacularformsbecausetheycarrymachoconnotationsofmasculinityandtoughness,whichexplainswhymanywomenmightnotwanttousesuchforms.第6题单选题(1分)__________inaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.()AReginalvariationBChangesinemotionsCVariationinconnotationsDStylisticvariation第7题单选题(1分)Tobepoliteinvolvesassessingsocialrelationshipsalongthefollowingthreedimensionsexcept__________.()AsocialdistanceorsolidarityBgenderCrelativepowerorstatusDformality第8题单选题(1分)Theuseof__________hastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.()AtaboosBeuphemismsCjargonsDswearwords第9题单选题(1分)Socialvariationgivesriseto__________whicharesubdivisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,occupationalbackground,etc.()ARegionaldialectsBProfessionaldialectsCStylisticdialectsDSocialdialects第10题单选题(1分)__________isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.()ASocialvariationBRegionalvariationCStylisticvariationDRegistervariation第11题判断题(1分)Theonlyfunctionoflanguageistoaskforandgivepeopleinformation.()第12题判断题(1分)Ray’sutteranceYeah,thatbastardSootbucketkeptusinagainonlyconveyshisfeelingsabouttheteacherreferredto.()第13题判断题(1分)Linguisticvarietyisabroadtermwhichincludesdifferentaccents,differentvocabulary,differentgrammar,differentlinguisticstyles,differentdialectsandevendifferentlanguageswhichcontrastwitheachotherforsocialreasons.()第14题判断题(1分)Talkbetweenneighborsoverthefenceattheweekendabouttheweather,forinstance,ismorelikelytobemainlyreferentialinfunction.()第15题判断题(1分)Varietiesthatdifferfromthestandardlanguagearecallednon-standardlanguagesorvernacularlanguages,whosepronunciation,grammarandvocabularydifferslightlyfromthestandardlanguages.()第16题判断题(1分)Acreoleisalanguagewhichhasnonativespeakers,andisusedwhenpeoplewhodonotspeakthesamelanguageneedtotalktoeachother.()第17题判断题(1分)Socialdialectsaresocialvarietiesformedbysocialmembersinthesameregionbecauseofdifferencesinsocialfactorssuchasprofession,class,age,gender,educationandsoon.()第18题判断题(1分)Geographicalbarriersaretheonlysourceofreginalvariationoflanguage.()第19题判断题(1分)Thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages.()第20题判断题(1分)Thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationshiptoorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.()第三章课后习题第1题单选题(1分)WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaboutlanguageuse?()ALanguageuseisbothcognitiveandsocial.BCognitiveprocessesinvolvedinlanguageusemainlyincludeperceptionandthinking.CLanguageuseinvolvesaninteractionbetweenlanguageknowledgeandcognitiveprocesses.DLanguageknowledgeweneedinlanguageusemainlyincludesphonology,semantics,syntaxandpragmatics.第2题单选题(1分)Mostusefullanguageknowledgeis_________.()AexplicitBdeclarativeCtacitDinteractive第3题单选题(1分)Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutworkingmemory?()AItonlystoresinformationforabriefperiodoftime.BItbothstoresandprocessesinformation.CItcanstorelargeamountofinformation.DItconsistsoftwomaincomponents.第4题单选题(1分)Long-termmemoryisusuallydividedintotwotypes:_________.()AepisodicandsemanticBepisodicanddeclarativeCsemanticandproceduralDdeclarativeandprocedural第5题单选题(1分)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutcognitiveprocessing?()ASerialprocessingisslowandintentional.BAutomaticprocessingisfastandobligatory.CControlledprocessingisslowandeffortful.DLanguageprocessinginvolvesbothtopdownandbottomupprocessing.第6题单选题(1分)WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueaboutmentallexicon?()AOurmentallexiconconstitutesanetwork.BOurmentallexiconincludesencyclopedicknowledgerelatedwithwords.CItreferstotheknowledgeorrepresentationofwordsinourpermanentmemory.DTheorganizationofmentallexiconissimilartothatofdictionariesweuseinlanguagelearning.第7题单选题(1分)Insentencecomprehension,parsingisusedtotrya_________analysis.()AphonologicalBlexicalCsyntacticalDpragmatic第8题单选题(1分)Accordingtothecohortmodel,spokenwordrecognitionconsistsof_________.()Aactivation,selectionandintegrationBactivation,integrationandselectionCselection,activationandintegrationDselection,integrationandactivation第9题单选题(1分)Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthefunctionsofbrainregionsinlanguageuse?()ARighthemisphereismainlyresponsibleforlanguageuse.BWernicke’sareaismainlyresponsibleforlanguageproduction.CBroca’sareaismainlyresponsibleforlanguagecomprehension.DDifferentbrainregionsareresponsibleforlanguagecomprehensionandproduction.第10题单选题(1分)Anticipationisatypeofspeecherrorinwhich_________.()AtwolinguisticunitsexchangeplacesBanearliersegmentreplacesalateritemCalatersegmenttakestheplaceofanearlieroneDonespeechsegmentdisappearsfromitsappropriatelocationandappearssomewhereelse第11题判断题(1分)Psycholinguisticstudiesareprimarilyconcernedwithlanguagecomprehension.()第12题判断题(1分)Tacitknowledgeisusuallydescribedas“know-why”.()第13题判断题(1分)Short-termmemoryistheabilitytoretaintheinformationwhichisselectedbyattentionfromsensorymemoryoverabrief,butlongenoughperiodoftimetouseit.()第14题判断题(1分)workingmemoryisusedtoreplaceshort-termmemorytoemphasizetheprocessingfunctionofshort-termmemory.()第15题判断题(1分)Memoryisrelevantforlanguageprocessinginparsing,patternrecognitionandmentalrepresentation.()第16题判断题(1分)Ifagroupofprocessestakesplaceoneatatime,itiscalledparallelprocessing.()第17题判断题(1分)Topdownprocessingisdata-driven,usinghigher-levelinformationtosupportlower-levelprocesses.()第18题判断题(1分)Languageperceptioncanbeaddressedfromanumberoflevels,includingauditory,phoneticandphonologicallevels.()第19题判断题(1分)Inparsing,weusuallytakea‘‘wait-and-see’’approach:topostponeinterpretingawordorphraseuntilitisclearerwhereasentenceisgoing.()第20题判断题(1分)speecherroranalysisshowsthatelementsthatinteractwithoneanothertendtocomefromsimilarlinguisticenvironmentsandsimilarelements.()第四章课后习题第1题单选题(1分)AccordingtoAustin,therearethreelevelsofcoherenceindiscourse:explicit,implicit,and()coherence.AlocalBmacroCinvisibleDgeneral第2题单选题(1分)()coherenceisrealizedbysomegrammaticalandlexicalcohesivedevices.

ACovertBOvertCLocalDGeneral第3题单选题(1分)Cohesionusescohesivetieswhichlinkwordsorphraseswithotherwordsorphrasesinconnecteddiscourse,whilecoherenceviewsdiscourseasa().AproductBprocessCsocialpracticeDexpression第4题单选题(1分)()meansaparticipantorcircumstantialelementintroducedatoneplaceinthetextcanbetakenasareferencepointforsomethingthatfollows.ACoherenceBCohesionCReferenceDEllipsis第5题单选题(1分)Whithinendophora,itcanbefurtherdivdiedintoanaphoraand().AexophoraBcataphoraCreferenceDreferent第6题单选题(1分)In()pattern,aseriesofclaimsandcounterclaimsarepresentedinrelationtoagivenissue.Aproblem-solutionBgeneral-particularChypothetical-realDquestion-answer第7题单选题(1分)Peopletendtoobeyaruleofone-speaker-at-a-time,whichiscalled().AadjacencypairBpreferredstructureCturn-takingDrepairing第8题单选题(1分)Asequenceoftworelatedutterancesbytwodifferentspeakersiscalled().AinterruptionBinsertionsequenceCadjacencypairDpreferredstructure第9题单选题(1分)Astrikingfeatureofspokendiscourseisits(),whichsuggeststherelationshipbetweenclausesinspokendiscoursecanbemuchmorespreadoutandwithmorecomplexrelationsbetweenthemthanthatinwriting.AgrammaticalintricacyBtransitoryClexicaldensityDthepresenceofthereceiver第10题单选题(1分)Accordingto(),discourseanalysisisthestudyofhowstretchesoflanguageusedincommunicationassumemeaning,purposeandunityfortheirusers.AHallidayBHasanCGivonDJohnsonandJohnson第11题判断题(1分)Cohesivetiescanguaranteecoherentdiscourse.()第12题判断题(1分)Coherenceindiscourseinvolvesfarmorethanlexicalandgrammaticallinksbetweenelementsinthetext.()第13题判断题(1分)Endophorameansthereferentdoesnotexistinthetextordiscourse,butinthecurrentcontext.()第14题判断题(1分)Lexicalcohesioncanadoptvariousforms,particularlyrepetition,synonymy,hyponymyandantonymy.()第15题判断题(1分)Therearefixednumbersoftextpatterns.()第16题判断题(1分)Theonlywaytotaketheturnistonamethenextspeaker.()第17题判断题(1分)Theopeningsequencesthatareusedtosetupsomespecificpotentialactionsarecalledinsertions.()第18题判断题(1分)Spokendiscourseistransitoryortemporary,whilewrittendiscourseisrelativelypermanent.()第19题判断题(1分)Meaninginspokendiscoursemustbemadeclearwithinthediscoursecontext.()第20题判断题(1分)Grammaticalintricacyreferstotheratioofcontentwordstogrammatical,orfunctionwords,withinaclause.()第五章课后习题第1题单选题(1分)ThewaypeoplecelebratetheSpringFestivalbelongsto________.()ABigCcultureBmaterialcultureCsmallccultureDspiritualculture第2题单选题(1分)Whichofthefollowingisnotthefeatureofculture?()AMostofcultureishidden.BCultureislearned,nothereditary.CCultureisdynamic.DCultureissystemic.第3题单选题(1分)Themostcommonmechanismsforculturechangesarethefollowingexcept______.()Ainnovation,BimmigrationCdiffusionDacculturation第4题单选题(1分)Thechannelsofcommunicationmaybedescribedandanalyzedfrom______.()AtheforminwhichmessagesaresenttoreceiversBthesituationinwhichthecommunicationoccursCthewaythereceiverhasinterpretedthemessageDsymbolsorwordswhichcanrepresentobjects,ideas,andfeelings第5题单选题(1分)Systemincommunicationprocessrefersto______.()AlanguageusedincommunicationBsettinginwhichcommunicationhappensCchannelsbywhichmessagesarecommunicatedincommunicationDtheuniqueentity,bond,orrelationshipthatiscreated,defined,andultimatelymaintainedthroughtheprocessofcommunication.第6题单选题(1分)Culturalconflictsininter-culturalcommunicationaremainlycausedbythefollowingexcept______.()AmisinterpretationsBwrongchannelsCenthnocentrismDstereotypesandprejudice第7题单选题(1分)Collectivismischaracterizedbyarigidsocialframeworkthatdistinguishesbetween_____.()Ain-groupsandout-groupsBgroupsandindividualsCsocialnormsandindividualrightsDindividualidentityandsocialsystem第8题单选题(1分)Inhigh-contextcultures,peoplearevery______withregardtoexperiences,informationnetworks,andthelike.()AdivergentBalertChomogeneousDconscious第9题单选题(1分)Awell-structuredEnglishparagraph______