2025年托福考试复习题目及答案

2025年托福考试复习题目及答案阅读部分文章内容：红树林生态系统的适应性与生态价值红树林是生长在热带、亚热带潮间带的木本植物群落，其独特的生理结构使其能在高盐、缺氧的滩涂环境中生存。为应对周期性潮汐淹没，红树林进化出三大关键适应机制：其一，部分种类（如白骨壤）通过气生根（pneumatophores）从空气中吸收氧气，输送至地下根系；其二，秋茄等植物通过叶片表皮的盐腺主动排出体内多余盐分；其三，胎生繁殖方式——种子在母树上萌发形成幼苗（胚轴），成熟后坠入泥滩直接扎根，避免被潮水冲走。除自身适应外，红树林的生态价值显著。其密集的根系可减缓水流速度，促进泥沙沉积，每年每公顷红树林能固定约1.5吨碳，是陆地上森林固碳能力的3-5倍；同时，复杂的根系网络为鱼类、甲壳类提供繁殖与庇护场所，全球75%的热带鱼类幼体阶段依赖红树林生存。此外，红树林作为天然屏障，可降低30%-70%的台风浪高，保护沿海社区免受风暴潮侵袭。题目及解析：1.文中“pneumatophores”指的是？A.叶片上的盐腺B.地下的储水组织C.从土壤中吸收养分的根毛D.向上生长的呼吸根答案：D解析：根据上下文“通过气生根从空气中吸收氧气”可知，pneumatophores的功能是帮助根系在缺氧环境中呼吸，因此选D。A为排盐结构，B、C未提及。2.红树林“胎生繁殖”的主要优势是？A.增加种子数量B.避免种子被潮水冲走C.提高种子抗盐能力D.延长种子休眠期答案：B解析：文中明确提到“成熟后坠入泥滩直接扎根，避免被潮水冲走”，直接对应B选项。其他选项未在文中体现。3.关于红树林的固碳能力，下列哪项正确？A.与陆地森林固碳能力相当B.每公顷年固碳量是陆地森林的3-5倍C.固碳主要通过叶片光合作用完成D.固碳能力随潮汐频率增加而减弱答案：B解析：原文“每年每公顷红树林能固定约1.5吨碳，是陆地上森林固碳能力的3-5倍”直接对应B。A与文意相反，C未提及固碳具体途径，D无依据。4.下列哪项最能反映红树林对沿海社区的间接保护作用？A.降低台风浪高B.为鱼类提供繁殖地C.促进泥沙沉积形成滩涂D.吸收空气中的二氧化碳答案：C解析：间接保护指非直接抵御灾害的作用。促进泥沙沉积可扩大陆地面积，长期减少海岸线侵蚀，属于间接保护；A是直接降低风浪，B、D为生态价值，非社区保护。5.插入题：“这一特性使红树林成为‘海岸卫士’，其重要性远超单纯的植被覆盖。”应插入文中哪处？①红树林是生长在热带、亚热带潮间带的木本植物群落……②为应对周期性潮汐淹没，红树林进化出三大关键适应机制……③除自身适应外，红树林的生态价值显著……④其密集的根系可减缓水流速度……答案：插入③后解析：插入句中的“这一特性”指代前文“生态价值显著”，且后文具体说明价值（固碳、生物庇护、抗风浪），因此插入③后逻辑连贯。听力部分对话：学生与图书馆管理员的交流（背景：学生Liam需完成“气候变化对农业影响”的论文，但无法访问数据库中的最新研究报告。）Liam：Hi,Ms.Carter.I’mtryingtoaccessthe2024issueofJournalofAgriculturalClimatethroughthelibrary’sonlinedatabase,butitkeepsshowing“accessdenied.”DoIneedspecialpermission?管理员：Ah,thatjournalispartofthepremiumcollection.Undergraduatesusuallycan’taccessitdirectly.Youneedtosubmitarequestformthroughthelibrarywebsite—justloginwithyourstudentID,goto“ResearchSupport,”andfilloutthe“PremiumResourceApplication.”Itusuallytakes24hoursforapproval.Liam：Gotit.Bytheway,I’mhavingtroublewithcitationformats.TheprofessorwantsAPA7thedition,butsomesourcesdon’thaveapublicationdate.HowdoIhandlethat?管理员：Goodquestion.Ifthedateismissing,use“n.d.”(nodate)inthecitation.Forexample:AuthorLast,F.M.(n.d.).Titleofthework.JournalName.Retrievedfrom[URL].Also,ourlibraryhasacitationgeneratortoolonthehomepage—youcaninputthesourcedetails,andit’llformatitautomatically.Liam：That’salifesaver!Onemorething:thepaperrequiresatleastfivepeer-reviewedsources.Arethereanydatabasesyou’drecommendbesidesJSTOR?管理员：DefinitelycheckAgEconSearch—it’sfocusedonagriculturaleconomicsandclimatestudies.Also,ScienceDirecthasasectiononenvironmentalsciencethatmightbeuseful.Justremembertofilterby“peer-reviewed”whensearching.题目及解析：1.WhatisthemainpurposeofLiam’svisit?A.TorenewhislibrarymembershipB.TorequestaccesstoapremiumjournalC.ToborrowaphysicalcopyofabookD.Toattendacitationworkshop答案：B解析：对话开头Liam提到无法访问数据库中的期刊，后续讨论围绕如何获取权限展开，因此主旨在B。2.WhatdoesthelibrariansuggestLiamdotoaccessthepremiumjournal?A.Visitthelibrary’sphysicalreservesectionB.EmailtheprofessorforapprovalC.SubmitanapplicationthroughthelibrarywebsiteD.Useadifferentbrowsertologin答案：C解析：管理员明确说“submitarequestformthroughthelibrarywebsite”，对应C。3.HowshouldLiamciteasourcewithoutapublicationdateinAPA7thedition?A.OmitthedateentirelyB.Use“undated”inparenthesesC.Write“nodateavailable”D.Use“n.d.”inparentheses答案：D解析：管理员提到“use‘n.d.’(nodate)inthecitation”，直接选D。4.Whatadditionalresourcedoesthelibrarianrecommendforpeer-reviewedagriculturalsources?A.JSTORB.AgEconSearchC.ScienceDirect’senvironmentalsectionD.BothBandC答案：D解析：管理员建议“AgEconSearch”和“ScienceDirecthasasectiononenvironmentalscience”，因此选D。讲座：系外行星探测方法（背景：天文学教授讲解如何发现太阳系外行星。）“过去30年，人类已发现超过5000颗系外行星，这得益于两种主流探测方法：视向速度法（RadialVelocity）和凌日法（Transit）。视向速度法基于万有引力定律：行星绕恒星公转时，恒星会因行星引力产生微小摆动（视向速度变化）。通过高分辨率光谱仪观测恒星光谱的红移与蓝移（多普勒效应），可计算行星质量与轨道周期。例如，1995年发现的首颗类木行星51Pegasib，就是通过此方法确认的。但该方法更易发现质量大、轨道近的行星，对小质量或远轨道行星不敏感。凌日法则观测恒星亮度的周期性下降：当行星从恒星前方穿过（凌日），会遮挡部分星光，导致亮度降低约0.1%-1%。通过记录亮度变化频率，可确定行星轨道周期；结合恒星半径与亮度变化幅度，可计算行星大小。NASA的开普勒望远镜正是利用凌日法发现了数千颗系外行星。不过，凌日法依赖行星轨道与地球视线几乎共面（概率约0.5%-1%），且无法直接测量行星质量。目前，天文学家常结合两种方法：用视向速度法测质量，凌日法测大小，从而计算行星密度（密度=质量/体积），判断其是类地行星（岩石）还是类木行星（气态）。例如，2023年发现的TOI-178系统，通过两种方法确认了7颗行星，其中部分行星密度与海王星相似。未来，随着詹姆斯·韦伯望远镜（JWST）投入使用，我们将能分析系外行星大气成分（如氧气、水蒸气），进一步寻找宜居信号。”题目及解析：1.Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?A.ThehistoryofexoplanetdiscoveryB.TwomethodsfordetectingexoplanetsC.ThecharacteristicsoftheTOI-178systemD.TheroleoftheKeplertelescope答案：B解析：讲座开头明确“两种主流探测方法”，后续详细讲解视向速度法和凌日法，因此主旨在B。2.Howdoestheradialvelocitymethodwork?A.Byobservingchangesinastar’sbrightnessB.Bymeasuringastar’sgravitationalpullonplanetsC.Bydetectingshiftsinastar’sspectrumduetomotionD.Byanalyzingthecompositionofaplanet’satmosphere答案：C解析：文中提到“通过高分辨率光谱仪观测恒星光谱的红移与蓝移（多普勒效应）”，对应C。A是凌日法，B、D未提及。3.Whatisalimitationofthetransitmethod?A.Itcan’tdetectplanetswithlargeorbitsB.Itrequirestheplanet’sorbittobenearlyalignedwithEarth’slineofsightC.ItoverestimatesthemassofsmallplanetsD.Itislessaccuratethantheradialvelocitymethod答案：B解析：讲座指出“凌日法依赖行星轨道与地球视线几乎共面（概率约0.5%-1%）”，即B选项。4.Whydoastronomerscombinethetwomethods?A.ToincreasetheprobabilityofdetectingplanetsB.Todetermineaplanet’sdensityC.TomeasurethedistanceofstarsfromEarthD.Toobserveplanetswithnon-circularorbits答案：B解析：文中提到“结合两种方法计算行星密度，判断其类型”，直接选B。口语部分Task1（独立任务）Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Collegestudentsshouldberequiredtoparticipateinatleastonecommunityserviceactivitypersemester.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.参考答案：Istronglyagreethatcollegestudentsshouldparticipateincommunityserviceeachsemester.First,itfosterssocialresponsibility.Forexample,whenIvolunteeredatalocalseniorcenterlastsemester,Ihelpedorganizeweeklymovienightsfortheelderly.Thisexperiencemademerealizehowmucholderadultscraveconnection,anditmotivatedmetobemoreengagedinmycommunity.Second,communityserviceprovidespracticalskillsthatclassroomlearningcan’t.InarecenttutoringprogramIjoined,Itaughtmathtomiddleschoolstudents.Figuringouthowtoexplaincomplexconceptssimplyimprovedmycommunicationskills—somethingthatwillbenefitmeinfuturejobs,whetherIbecomeateacherorworkinbusiness.Lastly,itbuildsasenseofbelonging.Byworkingwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,studentsbreakoutoftheircampusbubbles.Afriendofminevolunteeredatafoodbankandmetaretiredengineerwholaterbecamehismentor.Thisconnectionnotonlyenrichedhiscollegeexperiencebutalsoopenedupinternshipopportunities.Task3（综合任务）阅读材料：LibraryHoursAdjustmentTheuniversitylibrarywillchangeitsoperatinghoursfrom7:00AM–11:00PMto8:00AM–10:00PMstartingnextmonth.Theadministrationexplainsthatthisadjustmentaimstoreduceenergycosts,asthelibraryisrarelyusedbetween7:00–8:00AMand10:00–11:00PM.Additionally,theextendedclosuretimewillallowfornightlymaintenance,suchascleaningandequipmentrepairs,whichcurrentlyhavetobedoneduringopenhours.听力材料（学生反对）：“Ican’tbelievethey’recuttinglibraryhours!First,lotsofstudentshaveearlyclassesat8:00AM.Theyneedtostudyorprintmaterialsbeforeclass—7:00AMiswhenthelibraryisactuallybusyforthem.Ifitopensat8:00,they’llhavetofindotherplaces,maybecafes,butthosearen’talwaysquietorhaveprinters.Second,themaintenanceexcusedoesn’tmakesense.Mostmaintenance,likevacuumingorfixingcomputers,canbedonewhenthelibraryisstillopenbutlesscrowded,likeintheafternoon.Closinganhourearlierwon’thelp—theyjustneedtoschedulemaintenancebetter.Also,somestudentshavelateclassesthatendat10:00PM.Theymightwanttostudyforanhourafterclass.Nowthey’llhavetogobacktodorms,whicharenoisywithroommatesorfriends.Thelibraryistheonlyquietplaceoncampusatnight!”参考答案：Theuniversityplanstoadjustlibraryhoursto8:00AM–10:00PMtosaveenergyanddomaintenance.However,thestudentdisagrees.First,early-morningstudents(with8:00AMclasses)needthelibraryopenat7:00AMtostudyorprintmaterialsbeforeclass.Second,maintenancecanbescheduledduringlessbusyafternoonhoursinsteadofclosingearly.Third,studentswithlateclassesendingat10:00PMlosethequietstudyspacethelibraryprovidesatnight,asdormsarenoisy.Task4（综合任务）学术讲座：认知失调（CognitiveDissonance）Cognitivedissonancereferstothementaldiscomfortpeoplefeelwhentheiractionscontradicttheirbeliefsorvalues.Toreducethisdiscomfort,individualsoftenadjusteithertheiractionsortheirbeliefs.Theprofessorgivesanexampleofsmokers.Mostsmokersknowthatsmokingisharmfultohealth(belief),butmanycontinuetosmoke(action).Thiscreatesdissonance.Somesmokersreduceitbychangingtheirbeliefs—theymightthink,“Theresearchlinkingsmokingtocancerisnotconclusive”or“I’mhealthyenoughtoavoidtherisks.”Otherschangetheiractionsbyquittingsmoking.参考答案：Thelectureexplainscognitivedissonance:thediscomfortwhenactionsconflictwithbeliefs.Toresolveit,peopleadjustactionsorbeliefs.Theexampleissmokers:theyknowsmokingisharmful(belief)butsmoke(action),causingdissonance.Somereduceitbyalteringbeliefs(e.g.,doubtingresearch)orchangingactions(quitting).写作部分综合写作阅读材料：Theextinctionofmegafauna(largeanimalslikemammothsandsaber-toothedtigers)attheendofthelastIceAgewasprimarilycausedbyclimatechange,nothumanhunting.First,thetimingmatches.TheIceAgeendedabout12,000yearsago,andmostmegafaunawentextinctaroundthesametime.Asglaciersretreated,temperaturesrose,andecosystemschanged—grasslandsturnedintoforests,reducingfoodsourcesforgrazinganimals.Second,smallanimalssurvived.Ifhumanswerethemaincause,smallanimals(easiertohunt)shouldhavegoneextincttoo.Butspecieslikerabbitsandsquirrelsthrived,indicatingclimatechangeaffectedlargeanimalsmoreseverely.Third,there’slittlearchaeologicalevidenceofhuman-megafaunainteraction.Fewstonetoolsarefoundalongsidemegafaunabones,andevenfewershowcutmarks(signsofbutchering).听力反驳：Theideathatclimatechangecausedmegafaunaextinctionisunconvincing.First,thetimingisoff.MegafaunainAustraliawentextinct50,000yearsago,whenhumansfirstarrivedthere—longbeforetheendoftheIceAge(whichwas12,000yearsago).Climatechangecan’texplainthis,astheAustralianclimatewasstablethen.Second,smallanimals’survivalactuallysupportshumanhunting.Smallanimalsreproducequickly(e.g.,rabbitshavemultiplelittersayear),soevenifhumanshuntedthem,populationsrecovered.Megafauna,withslowreproduction(e.g.,mammothshadcalvesevery5-10years),couldn’tbounceback.Third,thelackofarchaeologicalevidencedoesn’tmeanhumansdidn’thuntthem.Earlyhumanswerelikelyefficienthunters—theymighthaveprocessedanimalsawayfromkillsitestoavoidattractingpredators.Also,organictools(woodenspears)wouldn’tpreserve,sowecan’tfindthem.独立写作Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Schoolsshouldrequirestudentstocompleteatleast50hoursofvolunteerworkbeforegraduation.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.参考范文：Requiringstudentstocomplete50hoursofvolunteerworkbeforegraduationisavaluablepolicythatbenefitsbothstudentsandcommunities.First,volunteerworkcultivatesempathyandsocialawareness.Whenstudentsengagewithdiversepopulations—suchasvolunteeringathomelesssheltersortutoringlow-incomechildren—theygainfirsthandinsightintosocietalchallenges.Forinstance,ahighschoolinmycityimplementedthisrequirement,andsurveysshowedthat85%ofstudentsreportedincreasedunderstandingo