专题01名词与代词（复习讲义）（原卷版）

专题01名词与代词目录TOC\o"13"\h\z\u01析·考点精解 ⑥enjoyoneself玩得高兴五、指示代词的用法1.指示代词this,that,these,those在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Aretheseyourbooks（主语）Theseflowersareverybeautiful.（定语）ThisismyfirstvisittoAmerica.（主语）Myideaisthis.这就是我的想法。（表语）Iwillkeepthisinmind.（宾语）2.指示代词this和these指时间与空间上较近的事物,that和those指时间与空间上较远的事物。Thisbuildingwasbuiltlastyear;thatonewasbuiltmanyyearsago.（表空间）3.that和those指代前面提到过的事物,this和these指代随后要讲的事物。Hedidn’te.Thatiswhyhedidn’tknow.（that指前)Iwanttogiveyousomeadvicelikethis.(this指后）Thosearetheproblemsweshouldsolve.（those指前）Writtenontheplacard(布告)arethesewords:wewantpeace.（these指后）4.those作定语从句的先行词。Thosewhowerepresentatthemeetingwereallcelebrities.5.指示代词such在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Suchislife.生活就是这样。（主语）ThewavesweresuchasIneversawbefore.这样的海浪，我从未见过。（表语）Theysaidtheyhadneverseensuchplantsbefore.他们说他们以前从未见过这类植物。（定语）六、不定代词的用法1.some,any1)some一般用于肯定句；用于疑问句时，可以用来表示建议或请求，希望得到对方的肯定答复。CouldyouletmehavesomecoffeeWouldyoulikesometea？Whynotbuysomefruitforher?4)any一般用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中；用于肯定句中，表示“任何的”或“任何一个”之意Doyouspeakanyforeignlanguages?Youmayeatanytime.2.none,nothing,noone指人指物与of连用疑问词谓语单复数none√√√Howmany/much均可nothing×√×What单noone√××Who单1)Howmanybooksdoyouhave?None.Aswewereasleep,noneofusheardthesound.2)What’sinthebox?Nothing.3)Whowilllendyouahandinsuchkindofsituation?Noone.4)Ineedsomethingtodrink,butthereisnothing.5)Ineedsomecoffee,butthereisnone.3.both,all,either,neither都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者及以上allanynone1)IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,butneitherofthemcame.2)Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Either.Ireallydon'tmind.3)BothwomenareFrench.

Bothwomenaren’tFrench.(不完全否定）4)Notallofthemwereinvited.

他们当中并不是人人都受到邀请。4.each,everyeach表“个体”，它可以是两者中的每一个，也可以是两者以上中的每一个，可作主、宾、同位或定语。every表“全体”，在句中只作定语。Eachofushashadatry.强调每一个人。EverystudentintheclasslikesEnglish.着重全体。注：each做同位语时，谓语单复数取决于真正的主语。Weeachhaveadictionarynow.5.other,another,theother,others,theothers1)other作前置定语，表示“另外的”。WestudyChinese,maths,Englishandotherlessons.another泛指同类人或物中“三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”。可以做限定词，也可做代词。Idon’twantthisone.Pleasegivemeanother.注：another也可用于复数名词前，这时名词前常有数词。Iwillstayhereforanotherthreeweeks.theother表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。Shehastwosons.Oneisanengineerandtheotherisateacher.Therearesixpeopleintheroom.Fouraregirls,theothertwoareboys.others作代词，泛指其他人或其他物,相当于“other+名词复数”。Somearesinginganddancing,somearedrawing,andothersareclimbingthehill.theothers指剩余的全部，相当于“theother+名词复数”。Ofthesix,onewenthome,andtheotherswenttothecinema.one的常见用法作简要归纳：1)one泛指同类中的任何一个（人或物）。Onecan’tsucceedwithoutworkinghard．2)one的所有格为one’s，反身代词为oneself。如果one用于句首,后面再用代词one,oneself或one’s，可以用he,him,himself或his代替。Oneshouldgiveoneself／himselfplentyoftimetorest．one,it,that,theone,theones,thoseone泛指同类中的任何一个（人或物），代替可数名词单数it特指同类同物that特指同类的一个，代替可数名词单数或不可数名词，其后常有后置定语Ilostmypen,andIwanttobuyone.Heboughtahouse,butitrequiresrepairing.TheweatherinHangzhouisnicerthanthatinBeijing.Abridgemadeofstoneisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.Thebridgemadeofstoneisstrongerthantheone/thatmadeofwood.Bridgesmadeofstonearestrongerthanonesmadeofwood.Thebridgesmadeofstonearestrongerthantheones/thosemadeofwood.4)one的常用短语和固定结构：onebyone(一个一个地),oneortwo(一两个；很少的),oneafteranother(一个接一个),foronethingforanother(首先再者；一方面另一方面)。Therearestilloneortwoproblemstobesettled.Ican’ttravelthissummer.Foronething,I’mshortofmoney；foranother,Ihavenotmuchsparetime．Nobodyknowswhysomepeoplegetcancerandothersdon’t.7.与不定代词构成的习惯短语:Heisnothingbutaclerk.他只是一个职员。Heisanythingbutaclerk.他绝不是一名职员。Heissomeone/something.他是一个重要的人物、出色的人物。Sheissomethingofadoctor.Shehassavedmanylives.她可以说是一位出色的医生，她已经挽救了很多人的生命。1．（2026高三下·全国·专题练习）IntheeraofAI,thecapabilitiesofmodernrobotsarefarmoreadvancedthan________ofthefirstgenerationindustrialmachines.A．that B．ones C．one D．those2．（2026高三下·实验热身练）—Oh,dear!Weonlyhave15minutestogettothestation.—Soterrible!Thereisn’tanytaxiaroundwhenyouwant________A．it B．that C．one D．this3．（2026高三下·全国·专题练习）Thebatterylifeofthissmartphonesurpasses________ofitspredecessorbynearly30%.A．It B．those C．that D．these4．（2026高三·耀华一模）Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyas________ofanotherdodoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperiencetheseemotions.A．it B．one C．that D．those5．（2025·天津河东·一模）IpreferacollegeinYunnanto______inSichuan,becauseIliketheclimateinYunnan.A．it B．that C．one D．this6．（2025·天津·模拟预测）China’sterritoryisalmostequalto___________ofthewholeofEurope.A．it B．one C．that D．those7．（2021·天津北辰·三模）Oneofthemostwonderfulmigrationsinnatureis______oftheNorthAmericanmonarchbutterfly.A．it B．what C．this D．that8．（2024·天津南开·二模）NowthepriceofgoodsontheInternetischeaperthan_________inthemarket.A．it B．those C．that D．these9．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Thenet