专题09词义猜测题的“语境”与“逻辑”双杀法（培优讲义）

专题09词义猜测题的“语境”与“逻辑”双杀法目录第一部分考情精析锁定靶心高效备考第二部分重难考点深解深度溯源扫清盲区【考点01】词义/短语猜测【考点02】句意理解推断【考点03】代词指代定位第三部分解题思维优化典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固【题型01】猜测词义/短语猜测题：上下文线索+构词法双管齐下【题型02】句意猜测题：抓逻辑关系，还原作者意图 【题型03】代词指代题：就近原则+语义一致，一招锁定 核心考向聚焦核心价值：关键能力与思维瓶颈关键能力：本专题重点考查在不依赖词典的情况下，通过上下文线索、逻辑关系和构词法知识推断生词、短语及句子含义的能力。这类题型占阅读理解总分值的15%20%，是高考英语的高频考点，也是考生突破高分的关键环节。培优瓶颈：1.考生对语境线索（如定义、举例、同义/反义关系）敏感度不足；2.难以识别复杂句中的逻辑关系（如因果、转折、递进）；3.构词法知识（前缀、后缀、合成词）掌握不系统，无法有效拆解生词；4.对代词指代的“就近原则”和“语义一致原则”理解不到位，易混淆指代对象。命题前瞻与备考策略预测：2026年高考将继续注重考查考生在真实语境中理解生词的能力，命题素材将更贴近生活实际，涉及社会热点、科技发展、文化交流等主题；词义猜测题的干扰项设置将更具迷惑性，需考生通过“语境+逻辑”双重验证排除干扰策略：1.系统梳理语境线索类型（定义、举例、对比、因果等），强化对信号词的敏感度；2.专项训练逻辑关系分析，重点突破“转折关系”和“因果关系”中的词义推断；3.归纳高频词根词缀，掌握“前缀改变词义、后缀改变词性”的规律。

考点01词义/短语猜测1.题型解读1.词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型。要求考生根据上下文语境、逻辑关系或构词法知识，推断文中生词、熟词生义或特定短语的含义。主要考查考生根据上下文语境来推测单词、短语或句子含义的能力。这类题目不仅考查考生的语言知识储备，更考查其在具体语境中灵活运用语言的能力。常见的考查形式包括：生词含义推断、熟词生义推断、短语含义推断等。2.该题型涉及的文章体裁丰富多样，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都有可能出现词义猜测题。尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。而且，被猜测的词可能是超纲词，也可能是熟悉词汇的生僻含义。2.设问方式26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?(2025全国二卷，代词型)28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean? （2024新课标I卷，短语型）32.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean? （2024新课标II卷，短语型）26.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?（2024全国甲卷，短语型）24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?（2024浙江1月卷，代词型）29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?（2023新课标I卷，生词型）30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?（2023新课标I卷，短语型）24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1（2023新课标II卷，短语型）3.解题技巧方法1：关注词的功能。授课过程中引导学生关注构词法、词的情感色彩、同义词、反义词、上下义词。方法2：关注语篇中的解释功能。引导学生总结解释的几种方式：下定义、定语（从句）、同位语（从句）、举例子、标点符号等。方法3：关注逻辑关系。引导学生总结几种常见的逻辑关系：因果、转折、并列、递进等。结合生活常识和文化背景方法4：结合生活常识和文化背景。生活常识：在猜测词义时，利用自己已有的生活经验和常识。文化背景：对于一些具有文化特色的词汇，要考虑相关的文化背景知识。

考点02句意理解推断1.题型解读高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。3.解题技巧方法具体操作意义吻合法找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。理解需要推理的句意，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结[专题09md]。归纳总结法找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项，一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只是用其他的英语词汇和句式来表达相同的意思[专题09md]。逻辑关系分析法重点关注句子前后的逻辑连接词（如however,therefore,incontrast等），通过这些信号词判断句子与上下文的因果、转折、递进等关系，从而准确理解句意。3.思维导图

考点03代词指代定位1.题型解读在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。2.设问方式26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?(2025全国二卷)24.Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferto?(2024浙江1月卷)3.思维导图

题型01猜测词义/短语猜测题：上下文线索+构词法双管齐下典｜例｜精｜析典例1（2025年全国一卷B篇节选）...Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealthrelatedtopicoftheirchoice.Thistimetheyfoundtheexercisemuchmoreinteresting.Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonalnarrativeunitfollowedbyacreativewritingworkshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(体裁)andthatitcontainathesis.Theresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.Iwalkedintoclassbelievingthatwritingisimportantasameansofmunication.However,mystudentsdemonstratedsomethingmoreimportanttome.WhenthefinalbellranginJune,Iwalkedawaywithayearbookfullofmessagesaboutwriting'smostpowerfulsignificance—theabilitytoconnectpeople,toputusinanother'sskin,toteachuswhatitmeanstobehuman.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inparagraph3mean?A.Mixed. B.Amazing C.Similar. D.Disturbing.26.B词义猜测题。由第三段末句"turnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart"可知，学生提交的长篇故事质量极高且情感动人，故“staggering“在此处意为“惊人的”(amazing)，故选B项。典例2（2025年浙江卷1月C篇节选）)Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeusedmodularly(模块化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Runningoutof. B.Keepingawayfrom.C.Puttingupwith.D.Takingadvantageof.28.B词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.”以及最后一句中的togardenmorelikenaturedoes可知，矩阵式种植方法旨在减少人工干预，发挥自然在花园的生长和设计中的更大作用。故Eschewing应该指减少、摒弃化肥以及园艺电动工具的使用，故选B。方｜法｜提｜练利用语法关系猜词义变｜式｜巩｜固变式1【湖南省部分学校联考20252026学年高三上学期11月节选】OnacoldColoradomorning,Teraandherpetdog,Odin,waitedinsidetheSisterMaryAliceMurphyCenterforHope.Theywereheretoseeveterinarian(兽医)Dr.JonGeller,whoprovidesfreeveterinarycarethroughtheStreetDogCoalition,anonprofitservingpetsofhomelessindividuals.Inamakeshiftexamroom,GellercheckedOdin’sears,heart,teethandbelly.The11montholdpuppyreceivedvaccinationsforrabies(狂犬病),parvovirusanddistemper,alongwithadewormingpillDespitecriticismabouthomelessindividualscaringforanimals,Gelleremphasizestheirsacrifices:Manyprioritizefeedingtheirpetsoverthemselvesandforfeitaccesstosheltersandtransportation.ThemostmonbreedsofstreetdogsarepitbullsandChihuahuas.Pitbullsareoftenseenasoutcasts,whileChihuahuasareknownforbeingveryloyal.TheStreetDogCoalition,initiallyselffunded,nowholdsnonprofitstatusandreliesonvolunteers,includingColoradoStateUniversityvetstudents,anddonations.Servicesfocuson“streetmedicine”—preventivecarelikevaccinesandparasitetreatment.Theorganizationhasexpandedtosixstates,withplanstoreachmorehighneedcities.27．Whichcanexplaintheunderlinedword“forfeit”inparagraph5?A．Remember. B．Find. C．Lose. D．Consult.27．词义猜测题。根据上文的内容“Gelleremphasizestheirsacrifices:Manyprioritizefeedingtheirpetsoverthemselves(盖勒强调了他们的牺牲：许多人优先考虑喂养宠物而不是自己)”可知，无家可归者为照顾宠物而牺牲自身利益，所以，这些无家可归者肯定是“失去”下文提到的资源“accesstosheltersandtransportation”。所以划线单词forfeit的意义为“失去”。故选C项。变式2【2026届陕西省西安市新城区高三上学期二模节选】Over30%offoodproducedintheUnitedStatesgoestowaste,contributingsignificantlytoCO2emissionsandcostingtheeconomybillionsannually.Asthethirdlargestcontributortofoodservicerelatedfoodwaste,hotelsareincreasinglytakingaction.Hilton,aglobalhotelleader,isapplyinglessonslearnedinEuropeandAfricatoreducefoodwasteacrossitsoperations.“Weknowhospitalityaccountsforabout3%ofglobalfoodwaste.Therefore,reducingwasteisnotonlygoodfortheplanet,butitalsosupportsbusinessgoalsandattractsguestsandemployeeswhovaluesustainability.”saidEmmaBanks,Hilton’svicepresidentoffoodanddrinkstrategy.Banksisinstrumentalcountries...Hilton’sfoodsustainabilityagenda,overseeingfoodanddrinkoperationsacrossmorethan70countries...8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“instrumental”inparagraph2mean?A．Sensitive. B．Permanent. C．Negative. D．Crucial.8．词句猜测题。根据第二段中画线单词所在句“BanksisinstrumentalindrivingHilton’sfoodsustainabilityagenda,overseeingfoodanddrinkoperationsacrossmorethan70countries.(班克斯在推动希尔顿食品可持续发展议程中_____，负责监督70多个国家的餐饮运营。)”可知，班克斯负责推动希尔顿的食品可持续发展议程，并监督其在70多个国家的运营，这表明她的角色对于该议程的实现是“至关重要的”。故选D。变式3【山东省名校联盟20252026学年高三上学期12月】Atanaltitudeover4,500metersinBurangCounty,NgariPrefecture,SouthwestChina’sXizangAutonomousRegion,liesMapamYumcoLake.Foroveradecade,42yearoldDradulhasdedicatedhimselftoprotectingthewetlandaroundthispreciouslakeasanecosystemguardian.Beforebeingaguardian,hestruggledwithtemporaryjobsandhopedforasteadysalary.Now,heearnsastablemonthlyineof2,000yuanandestofeeladeepsenseofpurpose.“Protectingthislakemakesmeproud.It’snotjustwork—it’saboutpreservingitforfuturegenerations,”hesaid.Dradul’sworkdaybeginsearly.Hepatrols(巡查)afixed10kilometerroutebymotorcycle,withdutiesincludingobservingthereserve,recordingdata,andaddressingecologicalthreats.LastFebruary,heandhisteamrescuedawingbrokeneagle,sendingittoarescuecenteruntilitrecovered.ThisJuly,theyspent20minutespullingatrappedwildoutofamudflatwithropes.Educatingvisitorsisanothercoretask.Dradulremindstouristsnottolitter,driveondelicategrasslands,orleavewaste.“Inthepast,thewetlandwasfullofgarbageandhadfewerwildanimals,”Dradulrecalled.Today,thewetlandishometo411plantspeciesand157wildlifespecies—aremarkablelevelofbiodiversityforsuchahighaltitudearea.Yet,theworkisfarfromeasy.Climatechangeisamajorthreat:meltingiceandshiftingrainfallpatternscauseshorelinechangesandgrasslanddegradation.Humanactivitiesalsocontinue—somevisitorsstilllitter,bathe,orwashcarsinthelake.Withnearly99,000hectares(公顷)ofwetlandandonly90guardians,remoteareascan’tbepatrolleddaily.Despitethesedifficulties,Dradulremainshopeful.HedreamsofMapamYumcoLakestayingpureforever.“Thisresponsibility,thoughbuiltonsmalldailyefforts,mustbepasseddown.Withsincerityandmitment,eventhesimplestactionscansafeguardthelake’sbeautyforgenerations,”heemphasized.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“degradation”inparagraph4mean?A．Improvement. B．Expansion. C．Decline. D．Stability.6．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Climatechangeisamajorthreat:meltingiceandshiftingrainfallpatternscauseshorelinechanges(气候变化是一个主要威胁：融化的冰和变化的降雨模式导致海岸线的变化)”可知，冰的融化和降雨模式变化带来的是消极影响，会导致草原退化，画线词意为“衰退，恶化”，与Decline“衰退”意思接近。故选C项。变式4【湖南省长沙市雨花区雅礼中学20252026学年高三上学期12月节选】Dothecolorsthatsurroundyouinfluencehowyoufeel?Canthecolorsonyourwallsandonyourclothesaffectyourmoods?Someresearchersbelievetheanswerisadecisiveyes,whileothersaren’tsosure.Yetmanymarketers,interiordesigners,medicalprofessionalsandothersswearbyaninformalfieldofscienceknownascolorpsychology.Colorpsychologyisdefinedas“thestudyofhowthecolorsweperceiveimpactourthoughtsandfeelings.”Marketersusethescienceofcolortopersuadeustobuythings.Whenchoosingpaint,furnitureandwallart,interiordesignersactonthetheorythatcolorscanarousecertainfeelingsinus.Dentistsareoftenadvisedtouselightbluepaintontheirofficewallstohelpcalmapprehensivepatients.Weshouldkeepinmind,though,thatonlybyconsideringculturalpreferencesareweabletofullyunderstandthescienceofcolor.Forinstance,intheWest,whiteisforbridesandblackisforfunerals.ButinancientAsia,whitewassometimeswornforfunerals.InJapanyellowrepresentscouragewhileintheUnitedStates,itrepresentshappiness.Additionally,manyvariablesincludinggender,age,backgroundandmoremustbeconsideredbeforemakingcolorassumptionswhenoneisstudyingtheeffectsofcolor.Aftertakingcolorvariablesintoaccount,it’ssafetoconsidersomemainstreamtheoriesaboutspecificcolorsandtheirmeanings.Herearejustafew:...8．Whatdoesthephrase“swearby”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Deeplyinvestigate. B．Deeplybelieve.C．Somewhatdoubt. D．Stillwish.【答案】8．B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Yetmanymarketers,interiordesigners,medicalprofessionalsandothersswearbyaninformalfieldofscienceknownascolorpsychology.Colorpsychologyisdefinedas“thestudyofhowthecolorsweperceiveimpactourthoughtsandfeelings.”(然而，许多营销人员、室内设计师、医疗专业人士和其他人都对一种被称为色彩心理学的非正式科学领域……。色彩心理学被定义为“研究我们所感知的颜色如何影响我们的思想和感受。”)”以及第三段“Marketersusethescienceofcolortopersuadeustobuythings.Whenchoosingpaint,furnitureandwallart,interiordesignersactonthetheorythatcolorscanarousecertainfeelingsinus.Dentistsareoftenadvisedtouselightbluepaintontheirofficewallstohelpcalmapprehensivepatients(营销人员利用色彩科学来影响我们的购买行为。在选择油漆、家具和墙面装饰时，室内设计师依据“颜色能唤起人们特定情绪”这一理论进行设计。牙医也常被建议在诊室墙壁上使用浅蓝色，以帮助缓解患者的紧张情绪)”可知，营销人员利用色彩科学来影响我们的购买行为，牙医也常被建议在诊室墙壁上使用浅蓝色，以帮助缓解患者的紧张情绪，可推理出很多营销人员、室内设计师、医疗专业人士等都坚信色彩心理学这一非正式科学领域，所以“swearby”意思是“坚信”。故选B项。

题型02句意猜测题：抓逻辑关系，还原作者意图典｜例｜精｜析典例1【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2yearoldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes(戳)thepagewithhisfinger....4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.第一步：定位原文ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2yearoldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.(第二段)第二步：分析线索根据第一段“Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.”以及画线词后文“asIwassittingwithmy2yearoldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.”可知此句是对前面的解释说明。第三步：推测词义作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。第四步：代入验证我们记者生活在一个全新的故事讲述时代，拥有众多新颖的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到这是新事物。对他们来说，这一切再正常不过了。春节期间，当我与两岁的孙子坐在沙发上时，我深刻体会到了这一点。第五步：代入答案B典例2（2019•浙江卷·阅读理解C篇）Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocioeconomic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresseuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”24.Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.【答案】C【文章大意】文章介绍了TylerBridges所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。【解析】句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Givewhatyoucan.Takewhatyouneed”可知，这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C。方｜法｜提｜练句子结构分析法：首先分析句子主干（主谓宾），理清修饰成分（定语、状语），抓住核心信息。复杂句可拆分理解，如长难句中的从句常为补充说明，不影响主干意思。上下文语境融合法：将句子放回原文，关注其在段落中的功能（如论点、论据、过渡）。论点句常需结合前后论据理解；过渡句则需联系上下文逻辑关系[专题09md]。逻辑关系定位法：识别句子内部及与周边句子的逻辑关系。如因果关系（解释原因/结果）、对比关系（比较异同）、例证关系（举例说明观点）等，通过信号词（thus,however,forinstance）定位[专题09pdfsummary]。4.作者意图推断法：结合文章主旨和作者态度，判断句子是否表达观点、提出建议、发出警告等。注意褒贬义词的情感色彩，如"fortunately","unfortunately"常表达作者评价。变｜式｜巩｜固变式1【2026届广东省汕尾市普通高中高三上学期毕业班综合测试（一）节选】OnaveryhotSaturdayinSanAntonio,about50educatorsturnedupforathreehourworkshop,titled“EnhancingInstructionWithArtificialIntelligence”.Duringtheworkshop,attendeesgeneratedlessonplansandgradedschoolworkwithOpenAI’sChatGPT,Google’sGeminiandMicrosoftCoPilot.CelesteSimone,amiddleschoolteacherwhousedtheAItoolstogeneratepicturesalongsidevocabularywordsandcreatedillustratedstorybooksthatusedstudents’namesascharacters,said,“I’mshockedtoseethattheycancreatethematerialsinamatterofseconds.Idon’tthinkIcouldgobacktothewayIdidthingsbefore.”HavingseenhowhelpfultheAItoolsare,anotherattendeeraisedaconcern,“ArewegoingtobereplacedbyAI?”Thatremainstobeseen.Buttohelpthenation’s4millionteacherstousethetechnology,teachersunionshaveformedanunlikelypartnershipwiththeworld’slargesttechnologypaniessuchasMicrosoft,OpenAIandAnthropic.Thetwogroupsdon’talwaysseeeyetoeyebutsaytheyshareamongoal:trainingthefutureworkforceofAmerica.“Likeitornot,AIispartofourworld,”saidDaaiyahBilal,anofficialofTheNationalEducationAssociation(NEA),thecountry’slargestteachersunion.“Wearepreparingkidsforthefuture.Thatisourprimaryjob.”UnderthearrangementannouncedinJuly,NEAisplanningtobuildanAItrainingcenterinNewYorkCitythatwilloffervirtualandinpersonworkshopsforteachers.Thegoalistoopenatleasttwomorecentersandtrain400,000teachersoverthenextfiveyears.Techpaniesalsoseeopportunitiesineducationbeyondtrainingteachers.Microsoftannounceda$4billioninitiativeforAIresearchandtraining.ItincludesaprogramthatwillgiveallschooldistrictsandmunitycollegesinWashington,Microsoft’shomestate,freeaccesstoitsCoPilottools.Googlesaiditwouldmit$1billionforAIeducationandjobtrainingprograms,includingfreeaccesstoitsGeminiforeducationplatformsforUShighschools.5．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“seeeyetoeye”inParagraph4probablymean?A．plain. B．Agree.C．Invest. D．Negotiate.5．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Thetwogroupsdon’talwaysseeeyetoeyebutsaytheyshareamongoal:trainingthefutureworkforceofAmerica.(这两个群体并不总是seeeyetoeye，但他们表示有着共同的目标：培养美国未来的劳动力。)”可知，前后分句存在转折关系，后半句强调“有共同目标”，前半句则应表示“意见不一致”，由此推测seeeyetoeye意为“意见一致”。故选B项。变式2【2026届河北省沧州市20252026学年高三上学期一模节选】Dogreatmindsthinkalike?Perhaps.However,arecentstudyrevealsthat“mixingthingsup”intheworkplacemayactuallystartevenmorecreativity.ResearchersfromRiceUniversityhavefoundthatmanagerswhobuildteamswithadiversegroupofpersonalitiesendupgettingtherewards.Onthesurface,itmayseemsmarttoloadupanofficewithemployeeswhoareallenthusiastic.TheRiceteam,however,remendsselectingsomecriticalthinkersalongwiththeoptimistsifyouwantthebestresults.It’sasimilartheorytoPresidentLincoln’sfamous“teamofopponents”.Whatis“affectivediversity”?“Affect”referstoemotionalresponses:teammemberswith“positiveaffect”offerexpansive,boundarypushingideas,whilethosewith“negativeaffect”asktoughquestionsanddemandrealisticsolutions.This“teamaffectivediversity”—theintegrationofcreativethinkingandcriticalevaluation—drivessuccessInsummary,welingvariedknowledgeandabilitieswithintheteamalongwithacceptingdiverseemotionsequalsdynamicoutes.Or,asAristotlesaid,“Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.”Thisappliestoteamdiversity,too.13．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“negativeaffect”inparagraph3probablyreferto?A．Seekingpracticalsolutions.B．Avoidingdifficultquestions.C．Ignoringrealisticchallenges.D．Puttingforwardcreativeideas.【答案】13．A13．词句猜测题。根据第三段中““Affect”referstoemotionalresponses:teammemberswith“positiveaffect”offerexpansive,boundarypushingideas,whilethosewith“negativeaffect”asktoughquestionsanddemandrealisticsolutions.(“情感”指的是情绪反应：具有“积极情感”的团队成员会提出广泛的、突破界限的想法，而具有“消极情感”的团队成员会提出尖锐的问题，并要求现实的解决方案。)”可知，明确对比两种团队成员特质：“positiveaffect”的人提出创新突破的想法，而“negativeaffect”的人“asktoughquestionsanddemandrealisticsolutions(提出尖锐的问题，并要求现实的解决方案)”。由此推断，“negativeaffect”指的是追求切实可行的解决方案。故选A项。变式3（2024·江西·一模节选）OneofChina’sfirstfemalesearescuepilotslooksbackinprideat300plusmissionsandpromisestosavemorelives.Whentheperfectstormbrews(酝酿)overtheboundlessseaandlivesareindanger,acrewofhighlytrainedprofessionalsembarksonamissionimpossibletosearchforandrescuesurvivorsfromtheroughwaters.WanQiuwenisoneofthem.And,she’sawoman.The36yearoldfromShanghaihasbrokentheglassceilingtobeeoneofChina’sfirsttwofemalerescuehelicopterpilotswhorespondtosearchandrescuemissionsinvolvingcargoshipsnags(货船遇险),vesselaccidents,medicalemergenciesandspecialmarineoperations.Thedemandingnatureoftheprofessionhadalwaysfavoredmalecandidatesuntiltheruleswerechangedforthefirstandonlytime.Shesays,“Rescueatseacanbebothchallengingandterrifying.Ifyoudon’tthinkandactfast,peoplemaydie.”...Now,amotherofaboy,whenpeopleaskherifshewillcontinuetoflyonceherchildgrowsup,Wan’sresponseisaffirmative.“ThisprofessionisaboutsavinglivesandIamarescuepilot,onceandalways.”9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“brokentheglassceiling”probablymean?A．Winningwidepraise. B．Makingapersonalbreakthrough.C．Disobeyingrulesofhercareer. D．Breakingbarrierspreventingwomen’sadvancement.【答案】9．D9．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Thedemandingnatureoftheprofessionhadalwaysfavoredmalecandidatesuntiltheruleswerechangedforthefirstandonlytime.(这一职业的高要求性质历来偏向于男性候选人，直到规则首次也是唯一一次改变)”可知，划线部分指的是万秋雯成为首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一的事迹，意味着她突破了阻碍女性晋升的障碍，故划线部分与D选项“打破阻碍女性晋升的障碍”意思相近。故选D。

题型03代词指代题：就近原则+语义一致，一招锁定典｜例｜精｜析典例1(2025全国二卷第26题)原文：Thereareupto30studentsatanygiventimeinHo’sclass.Shegenerallyworkswiththeirregularteacherstogetlessonsandtestsbeingusedattheirhomeschools.Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.“Theythinktheirteachersdon’tcareabouttheirschoolwork.”26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A.Offeringregularlessons.B.Payingextraattention.C.Assigningnoschoolwork.D.Showingnosympathy.【答案】C【解题思路】第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词:What,underlinedword,“it”,referto,paragraph4。第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息:第四段划线词所在句“Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.(一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。Ho说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)”可推知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。第三步：比对选项得出答案C。典例2(2024浙江1月卷第24题)原文：Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(试演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstoeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”．24.Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay.B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.【答案】B【解题思路】第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词:What,theword“it”,underlinedinthefirstparagraph,referto。第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息:原文本段第五句。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容一般出现在前面的句子中，且it表单数概念可知，此处指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，it指代“合租房”，代入原文，符合句意。第三步：比对选项得出答案B。方｜法｜提｜练变｜式｜巩｜固变式1（2526高三上·辽宁·月考节选）...WhenIfinallyletmyselfstartpainting,Ididn’taimtobeperfect.Ijustwantedtofocusontheactofpaintingitself.Abstractartbecameadoorforme:Itletmeconnectwithmyfeelings,stayinthemoment,andcapture(刻画)thingswordscouldn’tsay.Intheearlydaysofpainting,myworkswereallabout“stillness”—theyusedonlyoneortwocolors,andtheywereverycalm.ThatmatchedhowIfeltbackthen:Ineededtoslowdown,thinkandlistentowhatmyheartwassaying.Later,asmylifechanged—likewhenIwasdelighted,triednewthings,andlearnedtoacceptlife’sunexpectedturns—mypaintingschangedtoo.Brightcolorsstartedtoappear,andmybrushstrokesbecamefreerandmorenatural.Forpeoplewhostandinfrontofmyworks,Ihopemypaintingsgivethemaninvitation—nottounderstandme,buttofindsomethingoftheirownintheart.Atitscore,myjourneyasanabstractartistisn’tjustmyownstory;it’sastoryeveryonecanrelateto;it’sareminder:Art,likelife,isanongoingconversation—onethatasksustofeel,toreflectandtotrustwhatesnaturally.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inparagraph4referto?A．Theauthor’smood. B．Thevalueofpainting.C．Thestyleofartwork. D．Thechallengeofpainting.【答案】2．C2．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Intheearlydaysofpainting,myworkswereallabout‘stillness’—theyusedonlyoneortwocolors,andtheywereverycalm.ThatmatchedhowIfeltbackthen…(在刚开始绘画时，我的作品都关乎‘静谧’——它们只使用一两种颜色，非常平静。那与我当时的感受相符……)”可推知，划线词“That”指代的是前一句描述的早期画作风格，即只使用一两种颜色、非常平静的风格。故选C。变式2（2026高三·新疆内蒙古·专题练习节选）...Theresultsshowedthatthesupplementgrouphada55%higherincidenceofarterialcalcificationparedtothenonusergroup.FurthercellcultureexperimentsrevealedthatexcessivevitaminDpromotesthedepositofcalciuminsmoothmusclecellsofbloodvessels,akeystepincalcification.“Thisdoesn’tmeanvitaminDisharmfulatremendedlevels,butconsistentlyexceedingthemmightbe,”Martineznoted.VitaminDoversupplementationismon.Manyadultstakeitforpresumedbenefitslikeimprovedmoodorimmunity,oftenwithoutmedicalguidance.“There’samisconceptionthatifalittleisgood,moremustbebetter,”saidMartinez.Additionally,foodslikemilkandorangejuiceareoftenfortifiedwithvitaminDinmanycountries,potentiallycontributingtohighoverallintake.Dr.JamesLeefromStanfordUniversitymented,“Thisstudyprovidesacrucialwarningagainstselfprescribedhighdosesupplements.However,astheparticipantswereprimarilyolderadults,thefinding