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专题05过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态(期末复习讲义)年份卷别考点考情分析2025北京卷过去完成时【考向透视】核心聚焦:期末考查以“时态时间逻辑判断”、“被动语态结构运用”、“固定句型搭配”为核心,侧重期中后重点——语篇中过去完成时与一般过去时的混合辨析、被动语态在语境中的灵活运用,以及“过去的过去”时间关系的精准判断。高频语境贴合学期单元主题,如饮食文化、旅行记叙、急救场景、科学研究等。题型分布:语法填空(单句/语篇),单项选择占,短文改错,写作(时态呼应)。其中语篇语法填空侧重时态在上下文的连贯性,短文改错高频考查被动语态结构错误、时态混淆。hardly...when...that...去时间,误用一般过去时代替过去完成时;②被动语态结构残缺(漏写been)或多余(误加be动词);③固定句型(如hardly...when...、Itwasthefirsttimethat...)中时态搭配错误;④时间状语(by+过去时间点)与时态不匹配;⑤主动与被动语态逻辑混淆(如主语是动作承受者却用主动)。【复习目标】熟练掌握过去完成时(主动/被动)的核心结构、时间标志词及适用场景,能精准判断“过去的过去”时间关系。清晰区分过去完成时与一般过去时的用法边界,规避被动语态结构错误、时态呼应错误等典型问题。能在语法填空、单选、改错、写作中灵活运用,应对“语境逻辑+时态辨析”的综合性题目(如语篇中多时态混合运用)。掌握“找时间标志→判动作先后→定主动被动→验结构”的通用解题步骤,提升解题效率与准确率。2023北京卷过去完成时2018北京卷过去完成时的被动语态江苏卷过去完成时的被动语态2017北京卷过去完成时的被动语态2015北京卷过去完成时过去完成时基本构成过去完成时基本构成表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中,“时”指动作发生的时间,“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”,侧重事情的结果。由“had+过去分词”构成。主动语态被动语态肯定形式haddonehadbeendone否定形式hadnotdonehadnotbeendone一般疑问句had+主语+donehad+主语+beendone特殊疑问句疑问词+had+主语+done疑问词+had+主语+beendone基本结构:had+动词过去分词1.肯定句:主语+had+动词过去分词+其他。HehadalreadybeentoNewYorkearlierthisweek.本周早些时候他去过纽约。2.否定句:主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他。 Atthattimewehadn'tmether.那时我们还没有见到她。3.疑问句:Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.否定回答:No,主语+hadn't.过去完成时基本用法过去完成时基本用法1.表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。 Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。3.叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。Mr.Smithyesterday.Heyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。4.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了我借的书。5.过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。6.状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。如:when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引导的复合句。WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来时雨已停了。注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到达英格兰之后,他努力提高他的英语水平。7.动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。8.过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)...等固定句型中。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作,常与by,before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had+been+过去分词”构成。1.过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式(1)肯定结构:主语+hadbeendone+其他成分。(2)否定结构:主语+hadnotbeendone+其他成分。(3)疑问句结构:Had+主语+beendone+其他成分?疑问词+had+主语+beendone+其他成分?2.过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与by,before等引导的时间状语连用。 Bythetimehegottotheschool,thefirstclasshadbeenfinished.当他到达学校时,第一节课已经结束了。Theclassroomhadn'tbeencleanedbeforetheteachercame.老师来之前,教室还没有打扫过。Howmanybuildingshadbeendestroyedwhentheearthquakeended?地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁?(2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时。 Astheassignmenthadbeendone,hewentontosearchtheInternet.任务完成后,他继续上网搜索。Hedidwhathehadbeentoldto.他做了别人叫他做的事。(3)在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时。Theysaidtheproductioncostshadbeenreduced.他们说生产成本已经降低了。Thegirlwasremindedthatherhomeworkhadnotbeenhandedin.那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。解题|技|巧1.找时间标志:识别by+过去时间点、before+过去从句等明确标志,或通过上下文判断动作先后。2.判动作先后:确定主句动作是否发生在另一个过去动作之前(“过去的过去”)。3.定主动被动:分析主语与动作的关系——主语发出动作→主动(haddone);主语承受动作→被动(hadbeendone)。4.验结构:检查否定式(not位置)、疑问式(had提前)、被动语态(been不可漏)是否正确。易|混|点|规|避【即时检测】一、单句语法填空1.Iwishshe_________________(take)themedicinelastnight.2.Hecouldn’tenterthehouse,forhe_________________(leave)hiskeyatschool.3.Nosooner_________________(get)homethanItoldhimtheinspiringnews.4.Wefirstmetonatrainin2010.Webothfeltthatwe_________________(know)eachotherforyears.5.Myclassmatesaidhe_________________(give)thebooktotheEnglishteacher.6.They_________________(learn)about2,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.7.Hesaidhewouldgotoseetheplay,althoughhe_________________(see)itbefore.8. Bythetimehewastwelve,Edison_________________(begin)tomakealivingbyhimself.9.Thetestquestionwillbespokenjustonetime,youmustlistenverycarefullyinordertounderstandwhatthespeaker_________________(say).10.—Wheredidyougoonholiday?—I_________________(hope)togotoHawaii,butIdidn’tcatchtheplaneontime.二、完成句子11.我一到家就发现我的夹克衫忘在操场上了。ThemomentIgothome,Ifound_________________intheplayground.12.——你寄包裹了吗?——还没有,当我到那儿时邮局已经关门了。—Haveyousenttheparcel?—Notyet._________________whenIgotthere.13.一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息,我就马上告诉了母亲。UponhearingthenewsthatI_________________intheactivity,Iinformedmymumofitatonce.14.战争爆发时他在那儿住了半个世纪。He_________________whenthewarbrokeout.15.那不是他第一次向我们撒谎了。Thatwasnotthefirsttimethat_________________基础通关(测试时间:10分钟)一、语法填空1. Beforehepursuedacareerasaphysician,he______(specialize)inmedicalsciencefor6years.2.Theambitiousproject______(acplish)bythetimethedirectorreturnedfromthebusinesstrip.3.She______(notcorrespond)withherformerclassmatesincetheygraduatedfromhighschool,soshefeltanxious.4. Bythetimewerushedtotheterminal,theinternationalflight______(depart)forNewYork.5.Theelderlyscholar______(reside)inthiscoastalcityfor20yearsbeforeherelocatedtothesuburbanarea.6.Theconfidentialletters______(dispatch)totheclientspriortothepany'sofficialclosure.7.Hementionedthathe______(notencounter)hisyoungersisterforadecadeduetoworkpressure.8.ItwasthefirsttimethatI______(be)absentfromtheimportantacademiclecture.9.Thelecturehall______(bethoroughlycleaned)beforethedistinguishedguestsarrived.10.They______(formulate)adetailedplanfortheexpeditionformonthsbeforetheyembarkedonthejourney.二、单项选择11.—Whydidn’tyouparticipateinthecrucialseminar?—I______aboutitsspecificschedule.() A.didn’tinform B.hadn’tbeennotified C.haven’ttold D.wasn’treminded12. Bytheendoflastacademicyear,we______masteryofover1,500highfrequencyEnglishwords.() A.achieved B.haveacquired C.hadattained D.willgain13.Theclassicfilm______whenwearrivedatthedowntowncinema.() A.hadmenced B.started C.hasbegun D.willinitiate14.Theseraresaplings______inthebotanicalgardenbeforetheseveretyphoonstrucktheregion.() A.hadbeentransplanted B.wereplanted C.cultivated D.havebeengrown15.Itwasthefifthtimethatshe______thenationalEnglishspeechpetition.() A.entered B.hadparticipatedin C.hasjoined D.willtakepartin16.He______thevaluablereferencebookfortwoweeksbeforehereturnedittotheschoollibrary.() A.kept B.hasretained C.hadpossessed D.willhold17.Theancientstonebridge______fornearlyacenturywhenitcollapsedunexpectedly.() A.stood B.hadexisted C.hasremained D.stands18.WhenIcaughtsightofher,she______thelaboratorybecauseshe______itforhourstopreparefortheexperiment.() A.cleaned;hadcleaned B.wastidyingup;hadbeenorganizing C.cleaned;cleaned D.wascleaning;sortedout19.Theplicatedproblem______bytheresearchteambeforeitwassubmittedtotheacademicmittee.() A.hadbeenanalyzed B.wasstudied C.investigated D.hasbeenexplored20.—Hadyou______theupdatedinformationabouttheinternationalconferencebeforeyousawitontheofficialwebsite?—No,Ihadn’t.() A.hear B.obtained C.beeninformedof D.betold三、语篇语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Bythetimewereachedtheremotemountaintown,thesun______(sink)behindthepeaks.Wediscoveredthattheboutiquehotelwe______(reserve)inadvanceonline______(already,occupy)byagroupofforeigntourists.Fortunately,awarmheartedlocalfamilyofferedusaspareroom.Theytoldusthattheirancestors______(inhabit)thetownforcenturiesandthey______(never,witness)suchalargenumberofvisitorsbefore.重难突破(测试时间:10分钟)一、单项选择1.Whichsentenceiscorrect?()A.WhenIarrivedatthevenue,theydeparted. B.Theacademicreporthaddeliveredbeforetheexpertarrived.C.By2022,shehadresidedinEdinburghfor3years. D.ItwasthefirsttimethatIexploredtheancientcastle.2.Whichsentenceusespastperfectpassivecorrectly?()A.Theconfidentialdocumenthadsubmittedbythedeadline. B.Thehistoricmonumenthadbeenconstructedin1998.C.Bylastsemester,theresearchprojecthadn’tacplished. D.Hadtheapplicationformbeensubmittedbeforethedeadline?3.Whenwerushedtotheexhibitionhall,theopeningceremony______for15minutes.() A.concluded B.hasconcluded C.hadconcluded D.hadbeenover4.He______thequalificationexambecausehe______sufficientpreparationinadvance.()A.passed;didn’tmake B.didn’tpass;hadn’tmadeC.hasn’tpassed;didn’tmake D.won’tpass;doesn’tmake5. Bythetimeshegraduatedfromhighschool,she______masteryofover2,000coreEnglishwords.() A.acquired B.hasacquired C.hadacquired D.willacquire6.Theseminar______whenwearrivedattheconferencecenter.() A.hadmenced B.menced C.hasmenced D.willmence7.Thesepreciousmanuscripts______bynumerousscholarsbeforetheywerepreservedinthemuseum.() A.studied B.werestudied C.hadbeenstudied D.havebeenstudied8.Itwasthethirdtimethathe______absentfromthecrucialteammeeting.() A.was B.hadbeen C.hasbeen D.willbe9.He______inthemultinationalpanyfor8yearsbeforeheresignedandstartedhisownbusiness.() A.worked B.hasworked C.hadworked D.works10.Whichsentenceiswrong?() A.Hadthepreliminaryplanbeenapprovedbythemitteebefore? B. By2023,theyhadestablished15munityservicecenters. C.Thekeynotespeechhadstartedwhenwetookourseats. D.Hementionedhehadconsultedtheprofessoryesterday.二、改错11.Hehadacplishthechallengingtaskbeforethedeadlineapproached.()12.Theannualreportwassubmittedbeforetheboardofdirectorsheldthemeeting.()13. Bylastacademicyear,shemasteredadvancedgrammarandvocabularythroughconsistentpractice.()14.ItwasthefirsttimethatIparticipateintheinternationalyouthexchangeprogram.()15.WhenIenteredthelecturehall,thedistinguishedprofessorhasleftaftergivingthelecture.()16.Theplexproblemhadn’tbeensolvedespitetheteam’sjointefforts.()17.Theyhadresideinthecoastalmetropolisforadecadebeforetheyrelocatedtothesuburbanarea.()18.Hadtheenvironmentalprotectionproposaldiscussatthemunicipalmeeting?()19.Shesaidshehadn’tmunicatewithherformercolleaguesincetheyworkedindifferentpanies.()20. Bythetimewereachedthescenicspot,thefolkperformancehasbeenonfor40minutes.()易混易错(测试时间:10分钟)一、单项选择1.Whichsentenceiscorrect?() A.Thebookisbeinglikedbystudents. B.Theroomisbeingcleanednow. C.Thelettersaretypedbyherthesedays. D.Heisbeingownanewcar.2.Whichsentenceuses现在进行时被动correctly?() A.Vegetablesarebeingwashedeveryday. B.ThemeetingisbeingheldnextMonday. C.Sheisbeingbelievebyeveryone. D.Thecarisrepairednow.3.—When______theroom______?—Now.() A.will;clean B.is;beingcleaned C.does;clean D.was;cleaned4.Theoldman______byhissonthesedays.() A.isbeinglookedafter B.looksafter C.lookedafter D.willbelookedafter5.Thissong______bymanypeoplerecently.() A.sings B.isbeingsung C.sang D.willbesung6.Theproblem______atthemeetingnow.Let'sjoinin.() A.discusses B.isdiscussed C.isbeingdiscussed D.discussed7.He______always______late,whichmakestheteacherangry.() A.is;being B.was;being C.has;been D.will;be8.Theflowers______bymymothernow.() A.water B.isbeingwatered C.arebeingwatered D.willbewatered9.Whichsentenceiswrong?() A.Thecarisbeingrepairednow. B.Thechildrenarebeingtakencareof. C.Thebookisbeingownbyhim. D. Anewroadisbeingbuiltthesedays.10.Themachine______now. Don'ttouchit.() A.isbeingtested B.tests C.tested D.willtest二、改错(10小题,找出错误并改正,说明原因)1.原句:Theletterisbeingwritebyhernow.2.原句:Theoldhouseisnotbeingrenovateatthemoment.3.原句:Thechildrenarebeinglookedbytheiraunt.4.原句:Thiskindoffoodisbeinglovebyyoungpeople.5.原句:Themeetingisholdnow.Pleasebequiet.6.原句:Thedataisbeinganalyzebythescientists.7.原句:Theclothesarebeingwashbymymother.8.原句:Heisalwaysbeingpraiseforhishelp.9.原句:Theparkisbeing
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