Unit2StayHealthy单词讲练-人教版八年级英语下册

Unit2StayHealthy单词讲练1.ourselves/ˌaʊəˈselvz/词性：反身代词（复数第一人称）核心用法：强调动作作用于主语自身；只能作宾语或同位语，不能作主语。常见搭配：byourselves独自；靠我们自己enjoyourselves玩得开心teachourselves自学lookafterourselves照顾自己变形：无词形变化；对应单数形式：myself；其他复数反身代词：themselves/yourselves中考考点：①反身代词与主语的人称一致；②固定搭配的辨析；③不能作主语的易错点。例句：Wefinishedthegroupprojectbyourselveswithouttheteacher’shelp.练习题（用ourselves正确形式填空）Weenjoyed______atthesummercamplastweek.It’snecessaryfor______tolearnbasiclifeskills.Don’trelyonothers;wecansolvetheproblemby______.2.sore/sɔː(r)/词性：形容词；名词（痛处）核心用法：作形容词时，专指身体部位的疼痛、酸痛，常修饰具体部位；作名词时指“身体的痛处”。常见搭配：sorethroat喉咙痛soreback背痛soremuscles肌肉酸痛asoreonthearm手臂上的痛处变形：副词形式：sorely（严重地；极度地）；无比较级特殊变化中考考点：与身体部位的固定搭配；与painful的词义辨析（sore侧重局部酸痛，painful侧重强烈疼痛）。例句：Afterplayingtennisfortwohours,myarmsaresore.练习题（用sore正确形式填空）Mybrotherhasa______throat,sohecan’ttalkloudly.Theoldman’slegsare______afterwalkingalongway.Sheplainedaboutthe______inhershoulderandwenttoseeadoctor.3.throat/θrəʊt/词性：可数名词（复数：throats）核心用法：指“喉咙；咽喉”，人体重要部位名词。常见搭配：haveasorethroat喉咙痛clearone’sthroat清嗓子afroginthethroat喉咙发紧（说不出话）变形：throat→throats（复数）中考考点：固定搭配在情景交际中的运用；与sore的搭配是中考高频考点。例句：Drinkingwarmhoneywaterisgoodforyourthroatwhenyouhaveacold.练习题（用throat正确形式填空）Thesingerhasaclear______andsingsverywell.Manystudentsgotsore______becauseofthemorningreading.Hecoveredhis______andcoughedbadlyinclass.4.stomachache/ˈstʌməkeɪk/词性：可数名词（复数：stomachaches）核心用法：指“胃痛；腹痛”，属于复合词（stomach+ache）。常见搭配：haveastomachache胃痛haveabadstomachache胃痛得厉害getastomachache胃痛变形：stomachache→stomachaches（复数）；注意：stomach的复数是stomachs中考考点：“havea+疾病名词”的固定结构；与stomach的词性区分。例句：Tomhadaterriblestomachachebecauseheatetoomuchicecream.练习题（用stomachache正确形式填空）Lilydidn’tgotoschoolbecauseshehadabad______.Ifyoudon’teatontime,youmayget______easily.Thedoctoraskedhimabouthis______andgavehimsomemedicine.5.headache/ˈhedeɪk/词性：可数名词（复数：headaches）核心用法：指“头痛”，复合词（head+ache）；可用于比喻义“令人头痛的事”。常见搭配：haveaheadache头痛haveasplittingheadache剧烈头痛arealheadache一件令人头痛的事变形：headache→headaches（复数）中考考点：①“havea+疾病名词”结构；②比喻义的理解（阅读题常考）。例句：Stayinguplatetoplaygamesgavehimabadheadache.练习题（用headache正确形式填空）Mymotherhasa______,sosheneedstoliedownandrest.Thesemathproblemsareareal______forme.Toomuchscreentimemaycause______forteenagers.6.toothache/ˈtuːθeɪk/词性：可数名词（复数：toothaches）核心用法：指“牙痛”，复合词（tooth+ache）。常见搭配：haveatoothache牙痛gotothedentistforatoothache因为牙痛去看牙医变形：toothache→toothaches（复数）；注意：tooth的复数是teeth（中考高频变形考点）中考考点：①不规则名词复数变形（tooth→teeth）；②与dentist的搭配运用。例句：Ihadabadtoothacheyesterday,soIwenttoseethedentist.练习题（用toothache正确形式填空）Thelittlegirlcriedbecauseofaterrible______.Eatingtoomuchcandywillleadto______.Hesufferedfrom______andcouldn’tsleepwelllastnight.7.backache/ˈbækkeɪk/词性：可数/不可数名词（复数：backaches）核心用法：指“背痛；腰痛”，复合词（back+ache）。常见搭配：haveabackache背痛getabackachefromsittingtoolong久坐导致背痛变形：backache→backaches（复数）中考考点：ache类疾病名词的用法；与back的搭配辨析。例句：Myfatheroftenhasabackachebecauseheworksintheofficeallday.练习题（用backache正确形式填空）Theteachergota______afterstandingforthreehours.Doingexerciseregularlycanhelpprevent______.Sheplainedabouther______andaskedforleave.8.press/pres/词性：动词；名词核心用法：作动词：按；压；挤压；强调“用力按压”的动作作名词：压力；新闻界；出版社常见搭配：pressthebutton按按钮presshard用力按pressone’shand握手underpressure承受压力变形：动词形式：press→presses（三单）→pressed（过去式/过去分词）→pressing（现在分词）名词形式：pressure（压力，不可数名词）中考考点：①动词短语的运用；②词性转换（press→pressure）；③underpressure的固定搭配。例句：Pleasepressthisredbuttontostartthemachine.练习题（用press正确形式填空）______thedoorbellandwaitforsomeonetoopenthedoor.He______hislipstogetherandsaidnothing.The______ofstudymakesmanystudentsfeelstressed.9.nosebleed/ˈnəʊzbliːd/词性：可数名词（复数：nosebleeds）核心用法：指“鼻出血；流鼻血”，复合词（nose+bleed）。常见搭配：haveanosebleed流鼻血stopanosebleed止住鼻血getanosebleed流鼻血变形：nosebleed→nosebleeds（复数）；动词形式：bleed（流血）中考考点：在急救类情景中的词汇运用；与bleed的词性转换。例句：Theboyhadanosebleedwhenhefelloffhisbike.练习题（用nosebleed正确形式填空）Ifyouhavea______,youshouldtiltyourheadforwardslightly.Thelittlegirlgot______becauseshepickedhernosetoohard.Thedoctortoldhimhowtodealwithsudden______.10.dentist/ˈdentɪst/词性：可数名词（复数：dentists）核心用法：指“牙医”，职业类名词；gotothedentist是固定表达，不用冠词。常见搭配：gotothedentist去看牙医seeadentist看牙医adentist’soffice牙医诊所变形：dentist→dentists（复数）；形容词形式：dental（牙科的）中考考点：①职业类名词的用法；②gotothedentist的固定搭配（无冠词）；③与toothache的关联运用。例句：Youshouldgotothedentisttwiceayeartocheckyourteeth.练习题（用dentist正确形式填空）Myuncleisa______whoworksinabighospital.Ifyouhaveatoothache,you’dbetterseea______atonce.Therearethree______inthisdentalclinic.11.fever/ˈfiːvə(r)/词性：可数/不可数名词（复数：fevers）核心用法：指“发烧；发热”；haveafever是固定搭配。常见搭配：haveafever发烧haveahighfever发高烧runafever发烧takeone’stemperatureforfever量体温查发烧变形：fever→fevers（复数）；形容词形式：feverish（发烧的；狂热的）中考考点：①“havea+疾病名词”结构；②与takeone’stemperature的搭配运用。例句：Shehasahighfever,soshehastostayinbed.练习题（用fever正确形式填空）Thenursesaidthatthelittleboyhada______of39℃.Ifyouhavea______,youshoulddrinkplentyofwater.Somechildrenareeasytoget______inspring.12.stomach/ˈstʌmək/词性：可数名词（复数：stomachs）核心用法：指“胃；腹部”；注意复数变形不是stomaches。常见搭配：upsetstomach胃部不适haveanemptystomach空腹fullstomach饱腹变形：stomach→stomachs（复数，词尾ch发/k/音，直接加s）；相关名词：stomachache中考考点：不规则复数变形（stomach→stomachs）；与stomachache的词性区分。例句：Eatingtooquicklyisbadforyourstomach.练习题（用stomach正确形式填空）Thedoctoraskedhimtopresshis______gently.Thesechildrenhaveweak______,sotheyneedtoeatlightfood.Theoldman’s______hasbeenunfortablefordays.13.avoid/əˈvɔɪd/词性：动词（及物动词）核心用法：避免；避开；后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接不定式（中考核心易错点）。常见搭配：avoiddoingsth避免做某事avoiddanger避开危险avoidmeetingsb避免见某人变形：avoid→avoids（三单）→avoided（过去式/过去分词）→avoiding（现在分词）中考考点：后接动名词的用法（avoiddoing）；与prevent的词义辨析。例句：Youshouldavoideatingjunkfoodtokeephealthy.练习题（用avoid正确形式填空）Weshould______goingoutaloneatnight.She______talkingtohimbecauseshewasangry.Thebestwayto______gettingsickistowashhandsoften.14.gas/ɡæs/词性：不可数名词；可数名词（复数：gases，指不同种类的气体）核心用法：不可数：肠胃胀气；天然气；汽油（口语）可数：不同种类的气体（gases）常见搭配：stomachgas肠胃胀气naturalgas天然气steponthegas踩油门（口语）变形：gas→gases（复数，表不同气体）；动词形式：gas（加油；放毒气）中考考点：可数与不可数的辨析；在健康、能源类语境中的运用。例句：Eatingtoomanybeansmaycausegasinyourstomach.练习题（用gas正确形式填空）Thefactoryproducesalotofharmful______thatpollutetheair.Mygrandmotheroftenhas______aftereatingcabbage.Scientistsarestudyingnewclean______toreplacecoal.15.ache/eɪk/词性：可数名词；动词核心用法：作名词：（持续的、隐隐的）疼痛，常与身体部位构成复合词（headache,toothache）作动词：疼痛；渴望常见搭配：muscleaches肌肉酸痛Mybackaches.我背痛。acheforhome渴望回家变形：名词：ache→aches（复数）动词：ache→aches（三单）→ached（过去式/过去分词）→aching（现在分词）中考考点：①复合词的构成；②动词用法（不及物，不能接宾语）。例句：Ihavesomebodyachesafterplayingbasketball.练习题（用ache正确形式填空）Theoldmanoftenfeels______inhiskneeswhenitrains.Afterthelongwalk,weallhadterrible______inourlegs.Herhead______badly,soshewenthomeearly.16.Xray/ˈeksreɪ/词性：可数名词（复数：Xrays）核心用法：指“X光；X光片”；首字母常大写。常见搭配：takeanXray拍X光片anXraymachineX光机checktheXray查看X光片变形：Xray→Xrays（复数）中考考点：在医疗类情景中的词汇运用；固定搭配。例句：ThedoctorneedstotakeanXraytocheckifyourarmisbroken.练习题（用Xray正确形式填空）Thenurseshowedmethe______ofmychestandsaiditwasnormal.Thehospitalboughtanew______machinelastmonth.Thedoctoraskedhimtotaketwo______ofhislegs.17.careless/ˈkeələs/词性：形容词核心用法：指“粗心的；疏忽的”，带有贬义；反义词是careful。常见搭配：acarelessmistake粗心的错误becarelesswithsth对某物粗心carelessdriving粗心驾驶变形：副词：carelessly（粗心地）名词：carelessness（粗心）反义词：careful（细心的）→carefully（细心地）→carefulness（细心）中考考点：①反义词辨析；②词性转换；③在情景类阅读中的运用。例句：Youmadeacarelessmistakeinthemathexambecauseyoudidn’tchecktheanswers.练习题（用careless正确形式填空）Don’tbe______whenyouaredoingyourhomework.The______drivercausedatrafficaccident.Her______ledtothelossoftheimportantdocument.18.runnyrunny词性：形容词音标：/ˈrʌni/核心用法：表示“（液体）易流动的；流鼻涕的”，多用来描述身体分泌物或液体的状态，是初中英语描述感冒症状的高频词汇。常见搭配runnynose流鼻涕runnyeyes流泪runnyhoney易流动的蜂蜜arunnynoseandcough流鼻涕加咳嗽变形比较级：runnier最高级：runniest中考考点与身体部位搭配描述感冒症状，常和coughfever等词一起出现在情景交际题中。区分形容词用法：只能作定语或表语，如Shehasarunnynose.（表语）；arunnynose（定语）。例句Thelittlegirlhasarunnynosebecauseshecaughtacold.（这个小女孩感冒了，一直在流鼻涕）Don’teattherunnyicecream;itwillmakeyoufeelcold.（别吃化得淌水的冰淇淋，会着凉的）练习题（用runny的正确形式填空）Mysisterhasa______noseandneedsalotoftissues.Amongallthesekindsofhoney,thisoneisthe______.Ifyouhavea______nose,you’rest.coughtayathomeandrest.coughcough词性：动词；可数名词音标：/kɒf/（英式）；/kɔːf/（美式）核心用法作动词：咳嗽，强调“咳嗽”的动作，可作及物或不及物动词。不及物：直接使用，后不接宾语。及物：后接“咳嗽的内容”，如coughblood（咳血）。作名词：咳嗽；咳嗽声，常用搭配“haveacough”（咳嗽）。常见搭配haveabadcough咳嗽得厉害coughdayandnight日夜咳嗽adrycough干咳awetcough湿咳变形动词：cough→coughs（三单）→coughed（过去式/过去分词）→coughing（现在分词）名词复数：coughs中考考点动词短语搭配（haveacough），区分与“catchacold”（感冒）的不同症状。现在分词作伴随状语，如Shesatthere,coughingbadly.（她坐在那儿，咳嗽得很厉害）。例句Mybrotherhasabadcoughandcan’tgotoschooltoday.（我弟弟咳嗽得厉害，今天不能去上学）Shecoughedalotlastnightbecauseofthecoldweather.（昨晚因为天气冷，她咳了很久）练习题（用cough的正确形式填空）Thelittleboy______dayandnight;hismothertookhimtoseeadoctor.Ifyou______,pleasecoveryourmouthwithatissue.Hehashada______forthreedays;it’stimetotakesomemedicine.19.bruised/bruːzd/词性：形容词；动词过去分词（原形：bruise）核心用法：作形容词：青肿的；有瘀伤的（指皮肤因碰撞而变色）作动词：使青肿；碰伤常见搭配：bruisedarm青肿的手臂getbruised碰青bruiseone’sknee膝盖碰青变形：动词原形：bruise→bruises（三单）→bruised（过去式/过去分词）→bruising（现在分词）中考考点：分词作形容词的用法；在受伤类情景中的运用。例句：Herlegwasbruisedwhenshefelloffherbike.练习题（用bruised正确形式填空）Theboxer’sfacewas______afterthematch.He______hishandwhenhehitthetable.Thelittlegirlcriedbecauseherarmwas______andpainful.20.suffer/ˈsʌfə(r)/词性：动词（及物/不及物）核心用法：不及物：常与from连用，表“患（病）；受……之苦”（sufferfrom）及物：表“遭受（损失、痛苦）”，直接接宾语（sufferaloss）常见搭配：sufferfromadisease患病sufferfromhunger挨饿sufferabigloss遭受重大损失变形：suffer→suffers（三单）→suffered（过去式/过去分词）→suffering（现在分词/名词：痛苦）中考考点：suffer与sufferfrom的用法辨析；在健康、灾难类语境中的运用。例句：Manypeoplesufferedfromthefloodlastsummer.练习题（用suffer正确形式填空）He______fromabadcoldforaweekandfinallygotbetter.Thepany______agreatlossbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.Peopleinthatarea______fromdroughteveryyear.21.sufferfrom说明：这是动词短语，不及物，后接疾病、痛苦等名词，表“患……病；受……折磨”。核心用法：不能用于被动语态；from后必须接宾语。常见搭配：sufferfromheadaches经常头痛sufferfromstress承受压力sufferfrompoverty受贫困之苦变形：同suffer的变形（suffer→suffers→suffered→suffering）中考考点：短语的固定搭配；与suffer的用法区分；在阅读题中的词义理解。例句：Mygrandfathersuffersfromhighbloodpressureandcan’teattoomuchsalt.练习题（用sufferfrom的正确形式填空）She______aseriousillnessandhadtostayinhospitalformonths.Manypeopleinthecity______airpollutioninwinter.Theoldman______backacheformanyyears.22.takeaseat说明：这是动词短语，礼貌用语，表“坐下；就座”，同义短语是sitdown。核心用法：无被动语态；可用于祈使句，语气比sitdown更客气。常见搭配：takeaseat,please请坐takeaseatbythewindow坐在窗边变形：take→takes（三单）→took（过去式）→taken（过去分词）中考考点：情景交际中的礼貌用语；同义短语辨析。例句：Thehostaskedthegueststotakeaseatandhavesometea.练习题（用takeaseat的正确形式填空）Please______andwaitforthedoctor.She______bythewindowandbegantoreadherbook.Theteachertoldthestudentsto______quietly.23.takeone'stemperature说明：这是动词短语，表“量体温”，one’s需根据主语替换为my/your/his等。核心用法：one’s不能省略；常用于医疗、健康类情景。常见搭配：takemytemperature量我的体温takethepatient’stemperature给病人量体温变形：take→takes→took→taken中考考点：短语的固定搭配；在情景交际中的运用（如医生问诊场景）。例句：ThenursetookmytemperatureandsaidIhadafever.练习题（用takeone'stemperature的正确形式填空）Youshould______ifyoufeelhot.Thedoctor______andtoldhimthathistemperaturewasnormal.Mymotheralways______beforeIgotoschoolwhenI’msick.24.test/test/词性：可数名词；动词核心用法：作名词：测试；考试；检测（如mathtest,bloodtest）作动词：测试；检测；考验常见搭配：haveatest参加考试abloodtest验血testone’seyesight测视力testthemachine测试机器变形：test→tests（复数/动词三单）→tested（过去式/过去分词）→testing（现在分词）中考考点：①词性转换；②在学习、医疗类语境中的运用；③与exam的词义辨析（test侧重小测试，exam侧重正式考试）。例句：WewillhaveaEnglishtestnextMonday.练习题（用test正确形式填空）Theteachergaveusadifficultmath______yesterday.Thedoctor______hisbloodpressureandsaiditwasalittlehigh.Theyaregoingtotakeadriving______nextmonth.25.flu/fluː/词性：不可数名词（=influenza，流感）核心用法：指“流行性感冒”，比普通感冒（cold）更严重；前面需加定冠词the（havetheflu）。常见搭配：havetheflu得流感preventtheflu预防流感fluvaccine流感疫苗变形：无复数形式；形容词形式：flulike（像流感的）中考考点：①不可数名词的用法；②固定搭配（havetheflu）；③与cold的词义辨析。例句：Manystudentsinourclasshavetheflu,sotheteachercanceledtheactivity.练习题（用flu正确形式填空）Ifyouhavethe______,youshouldstayathomeandrest.Thebestwaytopreventthe______istogetavaccineeveryyear.Mybrotherhasbeeninbedforthreedaysbecauseofthe______.26.medicine/ˈmedsn/词性：不可数名词（泛指药）；可数名词（复数：medicines，指不同种类的药）核心用法：不可数：吃药（takemedicine，不加冠词）可数：不同种类的药物（variousmedicines）常见搭配：takemedicine吃药traditionalChinesemedicine中药westernmedicine西药变形：medicine→medicines（复数）；形容词形式：medical（医学的）中考考点：①可数与不可数的辨析；②takemedicine的固定搭配（无冠词）；③与pill的词义辨析（medicine泛指药，pill指药丸）。例句：Youmusttakethemedicinethreetimesadayaftermeals.练习题（用medicine正确形式填空）Thedoctorgavemesome______totreatmycold.It’simportanttotakethe______ontimeifyouwanttogetbetter.Thehospitalhasalotofdifferent______forvariousdiseases.27.mask/mɑːsk/词性：可数名词；动词核心用法：作名词：口罩；面具（如facemask,Halloweenmask）作动词：戴口罩；掩盖（情绪）常见搭配：wearamask戴口罩afacemask口罩maskone’sfeelings掩盖情绪变形：mask→masks（复数/动词三单）→masked（过去式/过去分词）→masking（现在分词）中考考点：①词性转换；②在健康防护类语境中的运用；③动词用法的理解。例句：Youshouldwearamaskwhenyougooutduringthefluseason.练习题（用mask正确形式填空）Thestudentsareaskedtowear______whentheyentertheschool.She______hersadnesswithasmileandtalkedtoushappily.Therearemanycolorful______inthestoreforHalloween.28.virus/ˈvaɪrəs/词性：可数名词（复数：viruses）核心用法：指“病毒”；可用于生物、医疗类语境，也可比喻“计算机病毒”。常见搭配：acoldvirus感冒病毒spreadavirus传播病毒putervirus计算机病毒变形：virus→viruses（复数，词尾us变i）中考考点：不规则复数变形；在健康、科技类语境中的运用。例句：Thiskindofviruscanspreadquicklyfrompersontoperson.练习题（用virus正确形式填空）Scientistsareworkinghardtodevelopavaccineagainstthisnew______.Theseharmful______cancauseseriousdiseases.Washinghandsfrequentlycanpreventthespreadof______.29.stop...fromdoing说明：这是动词短语，表“阻止……做某事”；from可以省略（主动语态），但被动语态中from不能省略。核心用法：同义短语：prevent...fromdoing;keep...fromdoing。常见搭配：stopusfromgoingout阻止我们出去stopthefactoryfrompolluting阻止工厂污染变形：stop→stops→stopped→stopping中考考点：①短语的固定搭配；②from的省略情况；③同义短语辨析。例句：Wearingmaskscanstopusfromcatchingtheflu.练习题（用stop...fromdoing的正确形式填空）Weshoulddosomethingto______thefactory______pollutingtheriver.Theheavyrain______them______goingtothepark.Thiskindofmedicinecan______you______gettingacold.30.description/dɪˈskrɪpʃn/词性：可数名词（复数：descriptions）核心用法：指“描述；描写”；动词形式是describe。常见搭配：giveadescriptionof描述……adetaileddescription详细描述beyonddescription难以形容变形：动词形式：describe（描述）；形容词形式：descriptive（描述性的）中考考点：词性转换（describe→description）；固定搭配。例句：Thewitnessgaveadetaileddescriptionofthesuspect.练习题（用description正确形式填空）Canyougivemeabrief______ofyournewschool?Thebookhasvivid______ofthebeautifulcountryside.His______oftheaccidenthelpedthepolicefindthetruth.31.patient/ˈpeɪʃnt/词性：可数名词；形容词核心用法：作名词：病人（如hospitalpatient）作形容词：耐心的（后接withsb/sth）常见搭配：ahospitalpatient住院病人bepatientwithsb对某人有耐心bepatientofsth容忍某事变形：名词复数：patients副词：patiently（耐心地）名词：patience（耐心）中考考点：①词性转换；②名词与形容词的词义辨析；③bepatientwith的固定搭配。例句：Thedoctorisverykindtohispatients.练习题（用patient正确形式填空）Thenursetookgoodcareofallthe______intheward.Youshouldbe______withchildrenwhentheyarelearningnewthings.Theteacherisalways______andexplainseverythingclearly.32.injury/ˈɪndʒəri/词性：可数名词（复数：injuries）核心用法：指“（身体的）外伤；损伤”，常与accident,sports搭配；动词形式是injure。常见搭配：getaninjury受伤asportsinjury运动损伤seriousinjuries重伤变形：复数：injuries动词：injure（伤害）形容词：injured（受伤的）中考考点：①词性转换；②与hurt,wound的词义辨析（injury侧重外伤，hurt侧重疼痛，wound侧重刀伤、枪伤）。例句：Hesufferedakneeinjuryduringthefootballmatch.练习题（用injury正确形式填空）Theplayerhadtoleavethegamebecauseofaserious______.Thedoctortreatedhis______carefullyandtoldhimtorest.Manypeoplegot______inthecaraccident.33.illness/ˈɪlnəs/词性：可数/不可数名词（复数：illnesses）核心用法：指“疾病；病”，泛指各种身心疾病；形容词形式是ill。常见搭配：sufferfromanillness患病aseriousillness重病recoverfromanillness病愈变形：复数：illnesses形容词：ill（生病的，作表语）；sick（生病的，作定语/表语）中考考点：①与disease的词义辨析（illness侧重生病的状态，disease侧重具体疾病）；②词性转换。例句：Hismotherhasbeenabsentfromworkbecauseofalongtermillness.练习题（用illness正确形式填空）Theoldmanhasbeenfightingagainstthe______formanyyears.Shemissedtheexambecauseofasudden______.Goodhabitscanhelpyoupreventmany______.34.knife/naɪf/词性：可数名词（复数：knives）核心用法：指“刀；小刀”；复数变形为不规则变化（f变ves）。常见搭配：akitchenknife菜刀apocketknife折叠小刀sharpenaknife磨刀变形：knife→knives（复数）；动词形式：knife（用刀割）中考考点：不规则复数变形（knife→knives）；在生活类语境中的运用。例句：Becarefulwiththatsharpknife,oryoumaycutyourfinger.练习题（用knife正确形式填空）Thecookusesasharp______tocutvegetables.Therearetwo______andthreeforksonthetable.Heboughtanew______forcampinglastweekend.35.clear/klɪə(r)/词性：形容词；动词；副词核心用法：作形容词：清晰的；清楚的；晴朗的（clearsky）作动词：清理；使清楚（clearthetable）作副词：清楚地（speakclear）常见搭配：clearsky晴朗的天空clearone’sthroat清嗓子clearthetable收拾桌子makeitclear说清楚变形：形容词比较级：clearer；最高级：clearest副词：clearly（清楚地，更常用）动词：clear→clears→cleared→clearing中考考点：①多词性辨析；②固定搭配；③形容词与副词的用法区分。例句：Theskyiscleartoday,sowecangohiking.练习题（用clear正确形式填空）Canyouspeak______sothateveryonecanhearyou?Theteacheraskedusto______ourdesksbeforeleaving.Aftertherain,theairisfreshandtheskyis______.36.pain/peɪn/词性：可数/不可数名词；动词核心用法：作名词：疼痛；痛苦（可指身体或心理）作动词：使疼痛；使痛苦常见搭配：feelpain感到疼痛inpain疼痛地takepainstodosth费力做某事painsbdeeply使某人深感痛苦变形：名词：pain→pains（复数）动词：pain→pains→pained→paining形容词：painful（疼痛的）中考考点：①词性转换；②与ache的词义辨析（pain泛指各种疼痛，ache指持续的隐痛）；③takepainstodo的固定搭配。例句：Shefeltasharppaininherlegwhenshefelldown.练习题（用pain正确形式填空）Themedicinecanhelpyourelievethe______inyourback.He______hisheadandsaidhecouldn’trememberanything.Takingcareofasickpersonrequiresalotof______andpatience.37.what'smore说明：这是短语，表“而且；此外”，用于补充说明，相当于besides,inaddition。核心用法：常用于句首，作插入语，后面加逗号。常见搭配：用于连接两个句子，补充递进信息。变形：无词形变化中考考点：在写作中的衔接作用；同义短语辨析。例句：Themovieisveryinteresting.What'smore,ithasameaningfulstory.练习题（用what'smore的正确形式填空，注意句子逻辑）Thisbookischeap.______,itisveryeducational.HeisgoodatEnglish.______,hecanspeakFrenchfluently.Theparkisbig.______,ithasmanybeautifulflowers.38.brightness/ˈbraɪtnəs/词性：不可数名词核心用法：指“明亮；亮度”；形容词形式是bright。常见搭配：thebrightnessofthesun阳光的明亮adjustthebrightness调节亮度brightnessofsmile笑容的灿烂变形：形容词：bright（明亮的；聪明的）副词：brightly（明亮地）中考考点：词性转换（bright→brightness）；在物理、生活类语境中的运用。例句：Youcanadjustthebrightnessofthescreentoprotectyoureyes.练习题（用brightness正确形式填空）The______ofthelightistoostrong,soIneedtoturnitdown.The______ofthemoonlitupthewholestreetatnight.ThisTVcanautomaticallyadjustthe______accordingtotheenvironment.39.environment/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/词性：可数/不可数名词（复数：environments）核心用法：指“环境；周围状况”，可指自然环境或社会环境。常见搭配：protecttheenvironment保护环境asafeenvironment安全的环境naturalenvironment自然环境变形：复数：environments形容词：environmental（环境的）副词：environmentally（环境方面地）中考考点：①固定搭配（protecttheenvironment）；②词性转换；③在环保类写作中的运用。例句：Weshoulddoourbesttoprotectthenaturalenvironment.练习题（用environment正确形式填空）Acleanandhealthy______isgoodforourhealth.Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestoimprovetheliving______.Protectingthe______iseveryone’sresponsibility.40.cross/krɒs/词性：动词；名词；形容词核心用法：作动词：穿过；越过（crosstheroad）作名词：十字形；十字架作形容词：交叉的；生气的（crossarms）常见搭配：crossthestreet过马路crossout划掉crossone’sarms交叉双臂becrosswithsb对某人生气变形：动词：cross→crosses→crossed→crossing名词：crossing（十字路口）中考考点：①多词性辨析；②动词用法（=goacross）；③与across的词性区分（cross是动词，across是介词）。例句：Youmustlookbothwaysbeforeyoucrosstheroad.练习题（用cross正确形式填空）______thestreetwhenthetrafficlightisgreen.He______hisnamefromthelistbecausehecouldn’te.Thereisa______atthecornerofthestreet.41.catchfire词性：动词短语（不及物动词短语，无被动语态）核心用法：表示“着火；开始燃烧”，强调自发燃烧的动作或过程，区别于表状态的beonfire。常见搭配catchfireeasily容易着火makesuresthdoesn’tcatchfire确保某物不着火dryleavescatchfirequickly干树叶很容易着火变形动词形式变化：catch→catches（三单）→caught（过去式/过去分词）→catching（现在分词）中考核心考点与beonfire的辨析（高频考点）catchfire：强调动作，“（某物）着火了”，是瞬间性的变化。例：Thewoodenhousecaughtfireinthebigstorm.beonfire：强调状态，“（某物）处于着火的状态”，是持续性的。例：Thewoodenhousewasonfirefortwohoursbeforethefiremenarrived.不及物属性：不能说“sthiscaughtfire”，只能用主动形式。例句Theoldnewspaperwillcatchfireifyouputitnearthecandle.Drygrasscatchesfireeasilyinhotsummer.练习题（用catchfire的正确形式填空）Becarefulwiththecandle!Thecurtainmay______ifitistooclose.Lastnight,thefactory______becauseofashortcircuit（短路）.Theseplasticmaterialsdon’t______easily,sotheyaresafeforoutdooruse.42.themselves/ðəmˈselvz/词性：反身代词（复数第三人称）核心用法：强调动作作用于主语“他们/她们/它们”自身；作宾语或同位语。常见搭配：bythemselves独自helpthemselvestosth随便吃/用某物hurtthemselves伤到自己变形：无词形变化；对应单数形式：himself/herself/itself中考考点：反身代词与主语的人称一致；固定搭配。例句：Thechildrenmadebreakfastbythemselveswhentheirparentswereout.练习题（用themselves正确形式填空）Thestudentsorganizedthesportsmeetingallby______.Thelittlecatscanfindfoodby______now.Mygrandparentssaytheycantakecareof______eveniftheyareold.43.fry/fraɪ/词性：动词核心用法：指“煎；炸”，烹饪类动词；过去式/过去分词为不规则变化。常见搭配：fryeggs煎蛋frypotatoes炸土豆friedchicken炸鸡（过去分词作定语）变形：fry→fries（三单）→fried（过去式/过去分词）→frying（现在分词）中考考点：不规则动词变形；在烹饪类语境中的运用；fried作定语的用法。例句：Mymotherlikestofrysteakfordinneronweekends.练习题（用fry正确形式填空）She______someeggsforbreakfastthismorning.Don’t______thechickenfortoolong,oritwillbeburnt.Thesmellof______foodmademefeelhungry.44.turnon说明：这是动词短语，表“打开（电器、水龙头等）”，反义短语是turnoff。核心用法：宾语是代词时，需放在turn和on中间（turniton）。常见搭配：turnonthelight开灯turnontheTV开电视turnonthetap开水龙头变形：turn→turns→turned→turning中考考点：①短语辨析（turnon/off/up/down）；②代词作宾语的位置；③在生活类情景中的运用。例句：Pleaseturnonthelight;it’stoodarkintheroom.练习题（用turnon的正确形式填空）Canyou______theTV?Iwanttowatchthenews.He______theputerandstartedtodohishomework.Don’tforget______theairconditionerwhenyouentertheroom.45.stove/stəʊv/词性：可数名词（复数：stoves）核心用法：指“炉子；炉灶；火炉”，生活类名词。常见搭配：agasstove燃气灶akitchenstove厨房炉灶heattheroomwithastove用炉子取暖变形：stove→stoves（复数）中考考点：在生活类语境中的词汇运用；与cook相关的搭配。例句：Mygrandmotherusesawoodburningstovetokeepwarminwinter.练习题（用stove正确形式填空）Pleaseturnoffthe______aftercooking,oritmaycauseagasleak.Therearetwo______inthekitchen,oneforcookingandoneforheating.Theoldcoupleboughtanew______lastwinter.46.happily/ˈhæpɪli/词性：副词核心用法：指“快乐地；高兴地”；形容词形式是happy。常见搭配：singhappily快乐地唱歌livehappily幸福地生活smilehappily开心地微笑变形：形容词：happy→happier→happiest名词：happiness（幸福）中考考点：词性转换（happy→happily→happiness）；副词修饰动词的用法。例句：Thechildrenareplayinghappilyinthepark.练习题（用happily正确形式填空）Theysanganddanced______attheparty.Thelittlegirlsmiled______whenshesawhermother.Wehopetolive______forever.47.noway说明：这是口语化短语，表“绝不；不可能”，用于否定对方的提议或想法。核心用法：常用于口语，语气强烈；可单独使用，也可接从句。常见搭配：Noway!绝不！There’snowaytodosth不可能做某事变形：无词形变化中考考点：在情景交际中的口语运用；同义短语辨析（=never,notatall）。例句：NowaywillIlendyoumynewbike!练习题（用noway的正确形式填空，注意句子逻辑）______canwefinishthisworkinonehour.—Canyoulendmeyourphone?—______!It’smynewone.There’s______tosolvethisproblemwithouthishelp.48.burn/bɜːn/词性：动词；可数/不可数名词核心用法：作动词：燃烧；烧毁；烫伤（过去式/过去分词：burned或burnt）作名词：烧伤；灼伤常见搭配：burndown烧毁burnoneself烫伤自己getaburn被烫伤变形：动词：burn→burns→burned/burnt→burning形容词：burned/burnt（烧焦的）中考考点：不规则动词变形；burned与burnt的用法区分（美式多用burned，英式多用burnt作定语）。例句：Thefireburnedtheoldhousetotheground.练习题（用burn正确形式填空）Becarefulnotto______yourhandonthehotstove.Thecakewas______becausesheleftitintheoventoolong.Hegotaserious______whenhewascooking.49.onfire说明：这是介词短语，表“着火；起火”，强调状态；反义词是putout（扑灭）。核心用法：常与be动词连用（beonfire）；不用于被动语态。常见搭配：beonfire着火catchfire着火（强调动作）set...onfire放火烧……变形：无词形变化中考考点：与catchfire的词义辨析（onfire表状态，catchfire表动作）；在火灾类情景中的运用。例句：Thebuildingwasonfire,andpeoplerushedoutquickly.练习题（用onfire的正确形式填空）Thehousewas______whenthefirefightersarrived.Don’tsmokehere,orthedrygrassmaycatch______.Thelittleboywasscaredwhenhesawthecarwas______.50.flame/fleɪm/词性：可数名词（复数：flames）；动词核心用法：作名词：火焰；火苗（强调具体的火焰）作动词：燃烧；发红光常见搭配：burstintoflames突然着火orangeflames橙色的火焰flameup燃起火焰变形：flame→flames（复数/动词三单）→flamed（过去式/过去分词）→flaming（现在分词）中考考点：在火灾类情景中的词汇运用；与fire的词义辨析（flame指具体火苗，fire指火或火灾）。例句：Theflamesspreadquicklythroughthedrygrass.练习题（用flame正确形式填空）Thecandle’s______dancedinthedarkroom.Thebuildingburstinto______withinafewminutes.Thefiremanfoughtagainstthe______bravely.51.panic/ˈpænɪk/词性：名词；动词核心用法：作名词：恐慌；惊慌（不可数或可数，复数：panics）作动词：惊慌失措（过去式/过去分词：panicked）常见搭配：inpanic惊慌地getintoapanic陷入恐慌panicsbintodoingsth吓得某人做某事变形：名词：panic→panics（复数）动词：panic→panics→panicked→panicking中考考点：不规则动词变形；名词的可数与不可数辨析；在灾难类情景中的运用。例句：Don’tpanic!Wewillgetoutofthebuildingsafely.练习题（用panic正确形式填空）Thecrowdgotintoa______whentheyheardthenews.She______whenshefoundherchildwasmissing.There’snoneedto______;everythingwillbeokay.52.onto/ˈɒntu/词性：介词核心用法：表示“到……之上；向……表面”，强调有明确的移动方向，后接名词/代词，相当于on+to。常见搭配：jumpontothedesk跳到桌子上puttheboxontotheshelf把盒子放到架子上climbontotheroof爬到屋顶上变形：无词形变化；易混介词辨析：on（在……上，表静止状态），onto（到……上，表动态过程）中考考点：动态介词与静态介词的辨析；在动作类句子中的运用。例句：Thecatjumpedontothewindowandlookedatthebirdsoutside.练习题（用onto正确形式填空）Thelittleboyclimbed______thetreetopickapples.Pleaseputthesebooks______thedeskandkeepthemtidy.Thedogran______thebedandlaydownfortably.53.throw/θrəʊ/词性：动词核心用法：表示“扔；投掷；抛”，及物动词，后接宾语；过去式/过去分词为不规则变形。常见搭配：throwaway扔掉；抛弃throwatsb/sth朝……扔throwinto扔进变形：动词原形：throw→threw（过去式）→thrown（过去分词）→throwing（现在分词）中考考点：不规则动词变形（常考过去式/过去分词）；短语搭配辨析。例句：Hethrewtheballtohisfriendandranafteritquic