知识清单02 必修第二册单元词汇短语句型梳理(期末复习知识清单) （背诵版）

3/7知识清单02必修第二册单元词汇短语句型梳理清单清单01词类转换(变出精彩，举一反三)Unit1Nature1.nature（n.自然；天性）→natural（adj.自然的；天生的）2.protect（v.保护）→protection（n.保护）3.exist（v.存在；生存）→existence（n.存在；实有）4.vary（v.变化；多样）→various（adj.各种各样的）5.pollute（v.污染）→pollution（n.污染）6.survive（v.幸存；存活）→survival（n.幸存；生存）7.harm（v./n.伤害；损害）→harmful（adj.有害的）8.explore（v.探索；考察）→exploration（n.探索；探险）9.adapt（v.适应；改编）→adaptation（n.适应；改编本）10.balance（v./n.平衡；使平衡）→balanced（adj.平衡的）Unit2Animals1.adapt（v.适应；改编）→adaptation（n.适应；改编本）→adaptive（adj.适应性的）2.survive（v.生存；幸存）→survival（n.生存；幸存）→survivor（n.幸存者）3.danger（n.危险）→dangerous（adj.危险的）→endangered（adj.濒危的）4.vary（v.变化；改变）→variety（n.种类；多样性）→various（adj.各种各样的）5.protect（v.保护）→protection（n.保护）→protective（adj.保护的）6.harm（v./n.伤害；损害）→harmful（adj.有害的）→harmless（adj.无害的）7.strong（adj.强壮的）→strength（n.力量；优势）→strengthen（v.加强；巩固）8.exist（v.存在）→existence（n.存在）→existing（adj.现存的）9.observe（v.观察；遵守）→observation（n.观察；观测）→observer（n.观察者）10.rare（adj.稀有的；罕见的）→rarity（n.稀有；珍品）→rarely（adv.很少；难得）清单清单02识词知意(厚积薄发，熟能生巧)Unit1Nature1.protect（v.保护；防卫）：protect...from/against（保护……免受……伤害）、protecttheenvironment（保护环境）2.exist（v.存在；生存）：existin（存在于……中）、existon（靠……生存）3.survive（v.幸存；存活；挺过）：survivethedisaster（从灾难中幸存）、surviveonlittlefood（靠少量食物存活）4.harm（v./n.伤害；损害）：doharmto（对……造成伤害）、beharmfulto（对……有害）5.preserve（v.保护；保存；维持）：preservenature（保护自然）、preservetheecosystem（维护生态系统）6.adapt（v.适应；改编）：adaptto（适应……）、adaptoneselfto（使自己适应……）7.balance（v./n.平衡；使平衡）：keepabalance（保持平衡）、balanceworkandrest（平衡工作与休息）8.explore（v.探索；考察；探究）：explorethewilderness（探索荒野）、explorethecauses（探究原因）9.destroy（v.破坏；摧毁）：destroythehabitat（破坏栖息地）、bedestroyedbyhumanactivities（被人类活动摧毁）10.recover（v.恢复；康复；找回）：recoverfromdamage（从破坏中恢复）、recoverthelostspecies（找回濒危物种）Unit2Animals1.habitat（n.栖息地）：搭配——destroythehabitat（破坏栖息地）、protectanimals'habitat（保护动物栖息地）2.breed（v.繁殖；养育；n.品种）：搭配——breedrapidly（快速繁殖）、ararebreedofdog（稀有犬种）3.hunt（v.狩猎；搜寻）：搭配——huntforprey（捕猎猎物）、banhunting（禁止狩猎）4.threat（n.威胁）：搭配——poseathreatto（对……构成威胁）、faceaseriousthreat（面临严重威胁）5.reserve（n.自然保护区；储备；v.保留；储备）：搭配——wildlifereserve（野生动物保护区）、reserveresources（储备资源）6.evolve（v.进化；演变）：搭配——evolvefrom（由……进化而来）、evolveovertime（随着时间演变）7.extinction（n.灭绝）：搭配——dieoutextinction（灭绝）、preventtheextinctionofspecies（防止物种灭绝）8.migrate（v.迁徙；迁移）：搭配——migratetothesouth（向南方迁徙）、annualmigration（年度迁徙）9.feed（v.喂养；进食；n.饲料）：搭配——feedon（以……为食）、feedtheanimals（喂养动物）10.advocate（v.倡导；主张；n.倡导者）：搭配——advocateanimalprotection（倡导动物保护）、anadvocateofwildlifeconservation（野生动物保护倡导者）清单清单03高频短语(积少成多，活学活用)Unit1Nature1.dieout（灭绝；逐渐消失）2.indangerof（处于……的危险中）3.takemeasurestodosth.（采取措施做某事）4.cutdown（砍伐；削减）5.inharmonywith（与……和谐相处）6.onearth（究竟；到底；在地球上）7.contributeto（促成；有助于；为……做贡献）8.atrisk（处于危险中）9.relyon（依靠；依赖）10.comeintobeing（形成；产生）Unit2Animals1.dieout：灭绝；逐渐消失2.indangerof：处于……的危险中3.takemeasurestodosth.：采取措施做某事4.adaptto：适应5.inharmonywith：与……和谐相处6.onthevergeof：处于……的边缘7.carefor：照顾；关心；喜欢8.beawareof：意识到；知道9.playarolein：在……中发挥作用10.contributeto：有助于；促成清单清单04高频句型(精彩句型，句句精彩)Unit1Nature1.Itis+形容词+that...（……是……的），it为形式主语，that引导真正主语从句例句：Itisurgentthatwetakeimmediatemeasurestoprotecttheendangeredanimals.（我们急需采取紧急措施保护濒危动物。）2.Themore...,themore...（越……，越……），前后均为比较级结构例句：Themoreweprotectnature,themoreharmoniousourlivingenvironmentwillbe.（我们越保护自然，生活环境就会越和谐。）3.Thereisnodoubtthat...（毫无疑问……），that引导宾语从句例句：Thereisnodoubtthathumanactivitieshaveagreatimpactonthenaturalecosystem.（毫无疑问，人类活动对自然生态系统有着巨大影响。）4.Notonly...butalso...（不仅……而且……），连接并列成分，遵循“就近原则”例句：Notonlydoesdeforestationdestroyanimals'habitats,butalsoitcausessoilerosion.（砍伐森林不仅会破坏动物的栖息地，还会导致水土流失。）5.Itishightimethat...（到了该……的时候了），从句常用虚拟语气（谓语用shoulddo或过去式）例句：Itishightimethatwepaidattentiontoenvironmentalpollutionandtookactiontosolveit.（到了我们关注环境污染并采取行动解决它的时候了。）Unit2AnimalsItisestimatedthat...（据估计……）Itisestimatedthatmorethan100speciesdieouteverydayduetohumanactivities.Thereasonwhy...isthat...（……的原因是……）Thereasonwhymanyanimalsareendangeredisthattheirhabitatsarebeingdestroyed.Notonly...butalso...（不仅……而且……）Notonlydoanimalsmaintainthebalanceoftheecosystem,buttheyalsobringjoytohumanlife.With+宾语+宾语补足语（with复合结构）Withthenumberofpandasincreasinggradually,peoplearemoreconfidentabouttheirsurvival.Itishightimethat...（该是……的时候了，从句用虚拟语气）Itishightimethatwetookimmediateactiontoprotectendangeredanimals.清单清单05单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵)Unit1Nature核心通用词汇1.自然相关名词•nature（自然）、ecosystem（生态系统）、biodiversity（生物多样性）、wildlife（野生动物）、species（物种）、habitat（栖息地）、environment（环境）、resource（资源）、forest（森林）、river（河流）、mountain（山脉）、desert（沙漠）、climate（气候）、pollution（污染）、conservation（保护）、sustainability（可持续性）2.动作类词汇•protect（保护）、preserve（维护，留存）、conserve（节约，保护）、defend（守护）、prevent（预防）、reduce（减少）、relieve（缓解）、restore（恢复）、damage（破坏）、destroy（摧毁）、pollute（污染）、threaten（威胁）、exist（存在）、survive（生存）、adapt（适应）、contribute（贡献）、participate（参与）3.形容词/副词•natural（自然的）、ecological（生态的）、environmental（环境的）、rare（珍稀的）、endangered（濒危的）、valuable（宝贵的）、vital（至关重要的）、urgent（紧急的）、severe（严重的）、gradually（逐渐地）、effectively（有效地）、actively（积极地）、jointly（共同地）高频通用句式1.引出主题句•Asweallknow,natureisthefoundationofhumansurvivalanddevelopment,soprotectingitisourunshakableresponsibility.•Withtherapiddevelopmentofsociety,theecologicalenvironmentisfacingincreasinglyseverechallenges,whichhasarousedwidespreadconcern.•Natureprovidesuswithabundantresourcesandacomfortablelivingenvironment,soweshouldcherishandrespectit.•Theimportanceofprotectingbiodiversitycannotbeoveremphasized,foritiscloselyrelatedtothebalanceoftheecosystem.2.描述问题/现象句•Inrecentyears,alargenumberofforestshavebeencutdown,leadingtothelossofwildlifehabitats.•Manyspeciesareonthevergeofextinctionduetoenvironmentalpollutionandoverdevelopment.•Theexcessiveuseofnaturalresourceshascausedseriousdamagetotheecologicalbalance.•Airandwaterpollutionnotonlyaffectsthesurvivalofanimalsandplantsbutalsoposesagreatthreattohumanhealth.3.提出措施/建议句•Weshouldstrengthenenvironmentalprotectionawarenessandleteveryonerealizetheimportanceofprotectingnature.•Thegovernmentshouldformulateandimplementstricterenvironmentalprotectionlawsandregulationstorestrictdestructivebehaviors.•Wecantakesmallactionsindailylife,suchassavingwaterandelectricity,reducingtheuseofplasticproducts,andplantingmoretrees.•Itisnecessarytocarryoutenvironmentaleducationinschoolstocultivatestudents'senseofresponsibilityforprotectingnature.•Weshouldadvocatesustainabledevelopmentandbalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.4.表达意义/展望句•Protectingnatureisnotonlyforthepresentbutalsoforthefutureofourdescendants.•Onlybylivinginharmonywithnaturecanweachievelong-termandstabledevelopmentofhumansociety.•Ifwecantakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment,wewillsurelyseeagreenerandmorebeautifulworld.•Everyeffortwemakefornaturewillcontributetotheimprovementoftheecologicalenvironmentandtheprosperityofbiodiversity.范文（背诵版）LiveinHarmonywithNatureNatureisthemotherofalllifeonearth,providinguswithfreshair,cleanwater,andabundantresources.Itisthefoundationofhumansurvivalanddevelopment,andmaintainingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureiscrucialforourfuture.However,withtheaccelerationofindustrializationandurbanization,humanactivitieshavecausedseriousdamagetonature.Alargenumberofforestsarebeingcutdown,resultinginsoilerosionandthelossofwildlifehabitats.Manyrarespeciesarefacingthedangerofextinctionduetoenvironmentalpollutionandoverhunting.Atthesametime,theexcessiveemissionofwastegasandwastewaterhasledtoairandwaterpollution,whichnotonlyaffectstheecologicalbalancebutalsoendangershumanhealth.Facedwiththesesevereenvironmentalproblems,wemusttakeimmediateactiontoprotectnature.Firstofall,weshouldstrengthenenvironmentalprotectionawareness.Throughpublicityandeducation,everyoneshouldrealizethatprotectingnatureisourcommonresponsibility.Secondly,thegovernmentshouldformulateandenforcestricterenvironmentallawsandpoliciestopunishdestructivebehaviors.Inaddition,wecanstartfromsmallthingsindailylife:savingeverydropofwater,turningoffthelightswhenleavingtheroom,reducingtheuseofdisposableproducts,andparticipatingintree-plantingactivities.Thesesmallactionscanaccumulateintogreatpowertoprotecttheenvironment.Protectingnatureisnotonlyforourselvesbutalsoforourchildrenandgrandchildren.Onlywhenwerespectnature,protectnature,andliveinharmonywithnaturecanwecreateagreener,healthier,andmoresustainableworld.Let'stakeactionnowandmakeourcontributionstoprotectingthebeautifulhomeweshare.Unit2Animals核心通用词汇1.动物相关名词•wildlife（野生动物）、species（物种）、creature（生物）、habitat（栖息地）、breed（品种）、prey（猎物）、predator（捕食者）、extinction（灭绝）、reserve（自然保护区）、migration（迁徙）、fur（皮毛）、claw（爪子）、feather（羽毛）、tail（尾巴）、bone（骨骼）2.动作类词汇•protect（保护）、preserve（维护）、conserve（节约；保护）、rescue（拯救）、hunt（狩猎）、breed（繁殖）、migrate（迁徙）、survive（生存）、adapt（适应）、evolve（进化）、threaten（威胁）、destroy（摧毁）、endanger（使濒危）、feed（喂养；进食）、advocate（倡导）3.形容词/副词•endangered（濒危的）、rare（稀有的）、wild（野生的）、ferocious（凶猛的）、gentle（温顺的）、valuable（宝贵的）、vital（至关重要的）、urgent（紧急的）、gradually（逐渐地）、effectively（有效地）、severely（严重地）、jointly（共同地）高频通用句式1.引出主题句•Asanimportantpartoftheecosystem,animalsplayavitalroleinmaintainingecologicalbalance.•Withthecontinuousdestructionoftheenvironment,moreandmorewildanimalsarefacingthedangerofextinction.•Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatprotectingwildanimalsisnotonlytheresponsibilityofindividualsbutalsotheobligationofthewholesociety.•Thesurvivalofwildanimalsiscloselyrelatedtohumanbeings'livingenvironment,sowemustattachgreatimportancetotheirprotection.2.描述现状/问题句•Duetoexcessivehuntingandhabitatdestruction,manyrarespeciesareonthevergeofextinction.•Thenumberofsomewildanimalshasdecreasedsharplyinrecentyears,whichhasarousedwidespreadconcernofthepublic.•Illegalhuntingandtradingofwildanimalshavecausedseriousdamagetobiodiversity.•Thelossofhabitatsduetodeforestationandurbanizationhasmadeitdifficultformanyanimalstosurvive.3.提出措施/建议句•Weshouldstrengthenthepublicityofanimalprotectiontoimprovepeople'sawarenessofcaringforwildanimals.•Thegovernmentshouldformulateandenforcestricterlawstobanillegalhuntingandtradingofwildanimals.•Wecansupportanimalprotectionorganizationsbydonatingmoneyorvolunteeringtoparticipateinrescuework.•Itisnecessarytoestablishmorewildlifereservestoprovideasafelivingenvironmentforwildanimals.•Weshouldreduceenvironmentalpollutionandavoiddestroyingthenaturalhabitatsofwildanimals.4.表达意义/展望句•Protectingwildanimalsistoprotecthumanbeingsthemselves,forwesharethesameplanet.•Onlybyprotectingeveryspeciescanwemaintainthediversityofnatureandensurethesustainabledevelopmentoftheecosystem.•Ifwecantakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectwildanimals,wewillsurelyseeaworldwherehumansandanimalsliveinharmony.•Everyeffortwemakeforwildanimalprotectionwillcontributetoabetterecologicalenvironmentforfuturegenerations.范文（背诵版）ProtectWildAnimals,GuardOurCommonHomeWildanimalsareanindispensablepartofthenaturalworldandimportantpartnersofhumanbeings.Theynotonlyaddvitalitytonaturebutalsoplayanirreplaceableroleinmaintainingthebalanceoftheecosystem.However,thesurvivalofwildanimalsisfacingunprecedentedchallengesnowadays.Inrecentyears,duetotherapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture,alargenumberofforestshavebeencutdown,andgrasslandshavebeenreclaimed,leadingtothelossofalargenumberofanimalhabitats.Atthesametime,illegalhuntingandtradingarestillprevalent,whichmakesmanyrarespeciessuchaspandas,tigers,andelephantsfacethedangerofextinction.Inaddition,environmentalpollutionhasalsocausedseriousharmtothehealthofwildanimals,makingtheirsurvivalenvironmentworseandworse.Facedwiththeseseveresituations,wemusttakeimmediateactiontoprotectwildanimals.Firstofall,thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthesupervisionandlawenforcement,severelycrackdownonillegalhuntingandtradingbehaviors,andimproverelevantlawsandregulationstoprovidelegalprotectionforwildanimals.Secondly,weshouldcarryoutextensivepublicityandeducationtoletmorepeoplerealizetheimportanceofanimalprotectionandcultivatetheawarenessofcaringforwildanimals.Moreover,wecantakepracticalactionsindailylife,suchasrefusingtobuyproductsmadeofwildanimalfur,reducingtheuseofdisposableproductstoreduceenvironmentalpollution,andsupportingtheconstructionofwildlifereserves.Protectingwildanimalsisnotamatterofonepersonoroneday,butalong-termtaskthatrequiresthejointeffortsofthewholesociety.Onlywhenwetakeactiontogethertorespectandprotecteverywildanimalcanwemaintainthediversityofnatureandbuildaharmonioushomewherehumansandanimalscoexistpeacefully.Let'sstartfromourselvesandmakecontributionstotheprotectionofwildanimals!题型题型012单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发)Unit1Nature1.Manyrare_______(物种)arefacingthedangerofextinctionduetoenvironmentalpollution.（）2.Theoldtreeintheyardbeganto_______(枯萎)becauseofthelackofwater.（）3.Weneedtofindapractical_______(解决办法)toreduceairpollutioninthecity.（）4.It'sourdutytoprotecteveryliving_______(生物)ontheearth.（）5.Thescientistspentyearsstudyingthe_______(理论)ofecologicalbalance.（）6.Hereffortsinprotectingwildlifefinallygotagood_______(奖励)fromthegovernment.（）7.The_______(精致的)ecosystemofthewetlandiseasilydestroyedbyhumanactivities.（）8.Weshouldtakemeasuresto_______(恢复)thedamagedforesttoitsoriginalstate.（）9.The_______(复杂的)relationshipbetweendifferentspeciesmaintainsthestabilityofnature.（）10.Onlineshoppinghasgradually_______(取代)traditionalshoppinginsomeaspects.（）答案：SpecieswithersolutioncreaturetheoryrewarddelicaterestoreelaboratereplacedUnit2Animals1.Manywildanimalsareindangerof_______(灭绝)becauseofhumanactivities.（）2.It'simportantforanimalsto_______(适应)thechangingenvironmenttosurvive.（）3.Thegovernmenthassetupanature_______(保护区)toprotectrarespecies.（）4.Illegal_______(狩猎)isoneofthemainreasonsforthedecreaseofwildanimals.（）5.The_______(多样性)ofspeciesiscrucialformaintainingecologicalbalance.（）6.Weshouldtakemeasurestopreventthe_______(破坏)ofanimals'habitats.（）7.Thescientistspentyears_______(观察)thebehaviorofgorillasinthewild.（）8.Thiskindofbird_______(迁徙)tothesoutheverywintertoavoidcold.（）9.Pollutionandclimatechange_______(威胁)thesurvivalofmanymarinecreatures.（）10.The_______(幸存)oftheendangeredanimalsdependsoneffectiveprotectionmeasures.（）答案：Extinctionadaptreservehuntingvarietydestructionobservingmigratesthreatensurvival题型题型022单句语法填空(一词多变，活学活用)Unit1Nature1._______(Cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofChina'sfirstnationalparks.（2022浙江高考1月）2.Asignificantnumberofareasthat_______(be)previouslyunprotectedwillbeincludedintheprotectionscope.（2022浙江高考1月）3.TheGPNP_______(design)toprotecttheauthenticityandintegrityofthenaturalecosystem.（2022浙江高考1月）4.KimCobbisoneoftheacademics_______arecuttingdowntheirairtravelduetoclimatechange.（2022浙江高考1月）5.Travelingtoattendconferences_______(view)asanimportantpartofascientist'swork.（2022浙江高考1月）6.Roughly200academicshavejoinedthe"FlightFreeScientists"websitesinceit_______(found)twoyearsago.（2022浙江高考1月）7.Cobbbeganaskingorganizersifshecouldattendtheireventsremotelywhen_______(invite).（2022浙江高考1月）8.Shedeclinedthe_______(invite)whentheorganizersrefusedherremoteattendancerequest.（2022浙江高考1月）9.Thepandaserves_______anumbrellaspecies,bringingprotectiontomanyotheranimals.（2022浙江高考1月）10.Theplanaimstoprotectallspecies_______liveintheGiantPandaRange.（2022浙江高考1月）答案：Coveringwereisdesignedwho/thatisviewed/hasbeenviewedwasfoundedinvitedinvitationasthatUnit2Animals1.Thenumberofpandas_______(increase)steadilyduetodecadesofconservationefforts.（2023全国甲卷）2.Wildliferesearchersaredevotedto_______(study)themigrationrulesofbirds.（2022全国乙卷）3.Itisreportedthatmorethan300kindsofwildanimals_______(protect)inthisnaturereservenow.（2021全国甲卷）4.Thereasonwhysomespeciesdiedoutisthattheirhabitats_______(destroy)completely.（2020全国Ⅰ卷）5.Weshouldadvocate_______(live)inharmonywithalllivingcreaturesontheearth.（2023浙江高考6月）6.Thisisthefirsttimethatwe_______(participate)inthewildanimalrescueactivity.（2022浙江高考1月）7.Thetiger,_______(know)asthekingoftheforest,isfacingthedangerofextinction.（2021浙江高考6月）8.Onlybytakingjointefforts_______weprotecttheendangeredanimalseffectively.（2020浙江高考1月）9.Thewildlifereserveprovidesasafeenvironmentforanimals_______(breed)andsurvive.（2023天津高考）10.Manypeopledon'trealizethatwildanimalsplayanimportantrolein_______(keep)theecosystembalanced.（2022天津高考）答案：hasincreasedstudyingarebeingprotectedweredestroyedlivinghaveparticipatedknowncantobreedkeeping题型题型032完成句子(精彩句型，活学即用)Unit1NatureWeshould_______(增强环保意识)tomakeeveryonerealizetheimportanceofprotectingnature.答案：strengthenenvironmentalprotectionawareness；解析：“增强”用动词strengthen，“环保意识”为固定搭配environmentalprotectionawareness，情态动词should后接动词原形。2._______(只有通过与自然和谐共处)canweachievesustainabledevelopmentofhumansociety.答案：Onlybylivinginharmonywithnature；解析：“只有……才……”用only+状语置于句首的倒装结构，“与自然和谐共处”为固定短语liveinharmonywithnature，by后接动名词形式。3.Theexcessiveuseofnaturalresources_______(已经对生态平衡造成了严重破坏).答案：hascausedseriousdamagetotheecologicalbalance；解析：根据语境可知用现在完成时，“对……造成破坏”为固定搭配causedamageto，“生态平衡”为ecologicalbalance。Manywildlifehabitats_______(正在消失)becauseofdeforestationandpollution.答案：aredisappearing；解析：“正在消失”用现在进行时，主语manywildlifehabitats为复数，be动词用are，“消失”为disappear，其现在分词形式为disappearing。Itisurgentthatwe_______(采取有效措施)topreventendangeredspeciesfromextinction.答案：takeeffectivemeasures；解析：此处为itisurgentthat...的虚拟语气结构，that从句中谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省略，“采取措施”为固定搭配takemeasures，“有效”为effective。Thegovernmenthasformulatedlaws_______(限制破坏性的人类活动).答案：torestrictdestructivehumanactivities；解析：此处用动词不定式作目的状语，“限制”为restrict，“破坏性的”为destructive，“人类活动”为humanactivities。_______(为了给后代留下宝贵的自然资产),wemustattachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.答案：Toleavevaluablenaturalassetsforfuturegenerations；解析：“为了……”用动词不定式作目的状语，“留下”为leave，“宝贵的自然资产”为valuablenaturalassets，“后代”为futuregenerations。Participatingintree-plantingactivities_______(有助于改善生态环境).答案：contributestoimprovingtheecologicalenvironment；解析：主语为动名词短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，“有助于”为固定搭配contributeto，to为介词，后接动名词形式，“改善生态环境”为improvetheecologicalenvironment。Weshouldreducetheuseofplasticproducts_______(因为它们很难被自然降解).答案：becausetheyaredifficulttobedegradedbynature；解析：此处用because引导原因状语从句，“很难被降解”用被动语态bedifficulttobedegraded，“自然”为nature。Peoplehavecometorealizethat_______(保护生物多样性对生态平衡至关重要).答案：protectingbiodiversityisvitaltothebalanceoftheecosystem；解析：that引导宾语从句，从句主语用动名词短语protectingbiodiversity，“对……至关重要”为固定搭配bevitalto，“生态平衡”为thebalanceoftheecosystem。Unit2AnimalsWeshould_______(拒绝购买野生动物制品)tostopillegalhunting.答案：refusetobuyproductsmadeofwildanimals；解析：“拒绝做某事”用refusetodosth.，“野生动物制品”为productsmadeofwildanimals，过去分词短语作后置定语修饰products。_______(随着越来越多的自然保护区建立),thelivingconditionsofwildanimalshaveimproved.答案：Withmoreandmorenaturereservesestablished；解析：用with复合结构，“自然保护区”为naturereserve，“建立”与reserves为被动关系，故用过去分词established作宾语补足语。3.Itiseveryone'sduty_______(为保护野生动物贡献自己的力量).答案：tocontributeone'sownstrengthtoprotectingwildanimals；解析：it为形式主语，真正主语用动词不定式，“贡献力量于……”为contribute...to...，to为介词，后接动名词形式。Someanimalshavetochangetheirlivinghabits_______(以便适应环境变化).答案：inordertoadapttoenvironmentalchanges；解析：“以便”用inorderto引导目的状语，“适应”为adaptto，“环境变化”为environmentalchanges。Thegovernmenthasmadelaws_______(禁止非法捕杀野生动物).答案：tobantheillegalhuntingofwildanimals；解析：动词不定式作目的状语，“禁止”为ban，“非法捕杀”为illegalhunting，of短语作后置定语修饰hunting。_______(据信)thatthenumberofred-crownedcraneshasincreasedby20%inrecentyears.答案：Itisbelieved；解析：考查固定句型Itisbelievedthat...，表示“据信……”，it为形式主语，that从句为真正主语。Wemustbeawarethat_______(野生动物的灭绝会对生态系统造成严重影响).答案：theextinctionofwildanimalswillhaveaseriousimpactontheecosystem；解析：“灭绝”为extinction，“对……造成影响”为haveanimpacton，从句用一般将来时表示未来的影响。Volunteeractivities_______(在野生动物保护中发挥着重要作用)everyyear.答案：playanimportantroleinwildanimalprotection；解析：“发挥重要作用”为固定搭配playanimportantrolein，后接名词短语wildanimalprotection作宾语。Manyendangeredanimals_______(正处于灭绝的边缘)becauseofhabitatloss.答案：areonthevergeofextinction；解析：“处于……的边缘”为固定短语onthevergeof，“灭绝”为extinction，根据语境用现在进行时表示当前状态。_______(只有当我们停止破坏自然)canweensurethesurvivalofwildanimals.答案：Onlywhenwestopdestroyingnature；解析：only+时间状语从句置于句首，主句用部分倒装，“破坏自然”为destroynature，stop后接动名词作宾语。Unit1Nature1.naturevs.naturalvs.nationality•nature：名词，意为“自然；天性”，侧重客观存在的自然环境或人的本质属性，例：Weshouldrespectnatureandliveinharmonywithit.•natural：形容词，意为“自然的；天生的”，修饰名词，体现“非人为的、与生俱来的”，例：Shehasanaturaltalentformusic.•nationality：名词，意为“国籍；民族”，与“国家、民族归属”相关，例：Whatisyournationality?2.protectvs.preservevs.conserve•protect：动词，意为“保护”，侧重抵御外界伤害、危险，常用搭配protect...from/against...，例：Weneedtoprotectwildlifefrombeinghunted.•preserve：动词，意为“维护；留存”，侧重保持事物原有状态、防止变质或破坏，例：Effortsaremadetopreservetheancientforest.•conserve：动词，意为“节约；保护”，侧重合理利用资源、避免浪费，尤其用于自然资源保护，例：Weshouldconservewaterandelectricityindailylife.3.damagevs.destroyvs.ruin•damage：动词/名词，意为“损坏；损害”，程度较轻，多指事物部分受损、可修复，例：Thestormdamagedmanyhousesinthevillage.•destroy：动词，意为“摧毁；毁灭”，程度极重，指事物彻底被毁、无法复原，例：Thefiredestroyedtheentireforest.•ruin：动词/名词，意为“毁坏；废墟”，可指事物因长期破坏而报废，也可指抽象的“毁掉（名誉、生活等）”，例：Hisbadhabitsruinedhishealth.4.speciesvs.kindvs.type•species：名词，意为“物种”，侧重生物分类的特定类别，单复数同形，例：Manyrarespeciesareonthevergeofextinction.•kind：名词，意为“种类”，泛指同类事物，侧重“性质相近的群体”，常用搭配akindof，例：Thiskindofplantgrowswellinwetareas.•type：名词，意为“类型；型号”，侧重“根据特征、用途划分的类别”，例：Whattypeofenvironmentdopandasneedtosurvive?5.habitatvs.residencevs.house•habitat：名词，意为“栖息地”，特指动植物生存的自然环境，例：Deforestationhasledtothelossofmanyanimals'habitat.•residence：名词，意为“住所；住宅”，正式用语，侧重“长期居住的场所”，例：Hisofficialresidenceislocatedinthecitycenter.•house：名词，意为“房子；住宅”，普通用语，侧重具体的房屋建筑，例：Theyboughtasmallhousenearthepark.6.pollutevs.contaminate•pollute：动词，意为“污染”，泛指空气、水、土壤等自然环境被有害物质污染，使用范围广，例：Factoriesshouldnotpollutetheriverwithwastewater.•contaminate：动词，意为“污染；沾染”，侧重因接触有害物质而被污染，语气更正式，可用于抽象事物，例：Thefoodwascontaminatedbybacteria.7.survivevs.surviveonvs.liveon•survive：动词，意为“生存；幸存”，侧重在危险、困难中存活下来，例：Onlyafewpeoplesurvivedtheearthquake.•surviveon：短语动词，意为“靠……维持生存”，后接生存所需的资源，例：Someanimalssurviveongrassandleaves.•liveon：短语动词，意为“继续活着；以……为食”，可指人“长寿”，也可指动物“以某物为食”，例：Shelivesonasmallpensionafterretirement.8.adaptvs.adopt•adapt：动词，意为“适应；改编”，常用搭配adaptto...（适应……）、adapt...for...（为……改编），例：Animalsneedtoadapttothechangingenvironment.•adopt：动词，意为“收养；采纳”，侧重“接受、采用他人的意见、方法或收养孩子”，例：Thegovernmentadoptednewpoliciestoprotecttheenvironment.9.resourcevs.source•resource：名词，意为“资源”，侧重可供利用的自然、人力、物力等资源，常用复数形式，例：Weshouldmakefulluseofnaturalresources.•source：名词，意为“来源；源头”，侧重事物的起源、出处，例：Thesourceoftheriverishiddeninthemountains.10.urgentvs.emergent•urgent：形容词，意为“紧急的；迫切的”，侧重“需要立即处理的、不容拖延的”，常用搭配urgentmatter/need，例：It'sanurgenttasktoprotectendangeredspecies.•emergent：形容词，意为“突发的；紧急的”，侧重“突然发生的、意外出现的”，多修饰抽象事物，例：Weneedtomakeplansforemergentsituations.Unit2Animals1.adaptvs.adopt•adapt：动词，意为“适应；改编”，核心侧重“调整自身以匹配新环境或需求”，常用搭配adaptto（适应……）、adapt...for...（为……改编），例：PenguinshaveadaptedtothecoldAntarcticenvironment.•adopt：动词，意为“收养；采纳”，核心侧重“接受、采用他人的意见、方法，或法律上收养孩子”，常用搭配adoptachild（收养孩子）、adoptapolicy（采纳政策），例：Theschooladoptednewmeasurestoeducatestudentsaboutanimalprotection.2.survivevs.livevs.exist•survive：动词，意为“生存；幸存”，侧重在危险、困难（如灾难、极端环境）中艰难存活，隐含“原本可能无法存活”的意味，例：Fewanimalssurvivedtheseveredrought.•live：动词，意为“居住；生活”，泛指正常的生存、生活状态，使用范围最广，例：ManypandasliveintheWolongNatureReserve.•exist：动词，意为“存在”，侧重客观上“有这样的事物”，不强调生存的状态或质量，例：Thisrarespecieshasexistedonearthformillionsofyears.3.dangervs.dangerousvs.endangered•danger：名词，意为“危