专题02 定语从句（方法技巧+高考模拟）（期末复习讲义）（原卷版）

3/3专题02定语从句（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点考情分析2025新高考I卷关系副词where【考向透视】定语从句是近3年高考英语的高频考点，几乎每年都会覆盖多个主流卷别；考查场景集中在阅读理解（帮助理清长句的修饰关系）、语法填空（填写关系代词/副词）、完形填空（理解从句对名词的限定作用）等题型中。【复习目标】复习需掌握which/that/who的区分、where/when等关系副词的运用）。新高考II卷that引导限定性定语从句浙江卷whose作定语2024新高考II卷关系代词who浙江卷关系副词when全国甲卷that引导限定性定语从句2023全国乙卷关系代词whom高中英语定语从句重点讲解高中英语定语从句重点讲解知识点01定语从句的定义与基本结构定义：修饰名词或代词（即先行词）的从句，相当于形容词的功能，分为限制性定语从句（无逗号，不可省略）和非限制性定语从句（有逗号，可省略）。例句：Thegirlwhoisstandingatthedoorismyclassmate.站在门口的那个女孩是我的同学例句：ThisisthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday.这是我昨天从图书馆借的那本书。——先行词thebook，关系词that，从句Iborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday关系词的作用：①指代先行词；②引导定语从句；③在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。例句：Helivesinacitywhichisfamousforitsscenery.他住在一个以风景闻名的城市里。——which指代acity，引导从句，作主语【即时检测】1.Thegirl____________________isstandingatthedoorismyclassmate.2.Thisisthebook____________________Iborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday.3.Helivesinacity____________________isfamousforitsscenery.4.Mymother,____________________lovescooking,oftenpreparesdeliciousmealsforus.5.Thetime____________________wespenttogetherisunforgettable.6.Shetoldmeastory____________________mademelaugh.知识点02关系代词的用法that：可指代人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；不可用于非限制性定语从句，作宾语时可省略。例句：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。——that指代film，作宾语Theboythatwonthecompetitionismybrother.赢得比赛的那个男孩是我的哥哥。——that指代boy，作主语which：仅指代物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；可用于非限制性定语从句，作宾语时可省略。例句：Thewatchwhichmyfatherboughtmeisveryexpensive.我爸爸给我买的那块手表很贵。——which指代watch，作宾语who/whom：who指代人，作主语；whom指代人，作宾语（可省略，非限制性从句中建议保留）。例句：Theboywhowonthecompetitionismybrother.赢得比赛的那个男孩是我的哥哥。——who作主语Theteacherwhomwerespectdeeplyhastaughtfor20years.我们深深尊敬的那位老师已经教了20年书了。——whom作宾语whose：指代人或物的“……的”，在从句中作定语，可替换为“ofwhich/whom”（物用ofwhich，人用ofwhom）。例句：Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthgetsplentyofsunshine.窗户朝南的那栋房子阳光充足。——whose修饰windows【即时检测】1.Theboy____________________wonthecompetitionismybrother.2.Thewatch____________________myfatherboughtmeisveryexpensive.3.Thehouse____________________windowsfacesouthgetsplentyofsunshine.4.Theteacher____________________werespectdeeplyhastaughtfor20years.5.Thisisthebestfilm____________________Ihaveeverseen.6.Thedictionary,____________________coverisred,belongstomysister.知识点03关系副词的用法when：指代时间，在从句中作时间状语，可替换为“介词+which”（如inwhich,onwhich）。例句：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来这所学校的那一天。——when作时间状语；where：指代地点，在从句中作地点状语，可替换为“介词+which”（如inwhich,atwhich）。例句：ThisisthecitywhereIwasbornandgrewup.这是我出生长大的城市。——where作地点状语why：仅指代原因，先行词多为reason，在从句中作原因状语，可替换为forwhich；作宾语时用that/which。例句：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathemissedthebus.他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。——why作原因状语注意：关系副词不可省略，且不能用that替换。【即时检测】1.Istillremembertheday____________________Ifirstcametothisschool.2.Thisisthecity____________________Iwasbornandgrewup.3.Thereason____________________hewaslateisthathemissedthebus.4.Wevisitedthevillage____________________mygrandparentsusedtolive.5.Theyear____________________theCOVID-19brokeoutwasunusual.6.Isthereanyreason____________________youcan’tcometotheparty?知识点04特殊用法：介词+关系代词结构：介词+which/whom（that不能用于此结构，关系代词不可省略）。例句：ThebookforwhichIpaid50yuanisveryvaluable.我花了50元买的那本书很有价值。——forwhich引导从句介词选择依据：①先行词的固定搭配（如keyto,attentionto）；②从句中谓语动词的固定搭配（如listento,dependon）；③句子语义逻辑。例句：Thegirlwithwhomwetalkedjustnowisourmonitor.我们刚才交谈的那个女孩是我们的班长。—with对应talkwith常见搭配：inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,forwhich,withwhich,aboutwhich,ofwhom等。【即时检测】1.Thebook____________________Ipaid50yuanisveryvaluable.2.Thegirl____________________wetalkedjustnowisourmonitor.3.Thisisthehouse____________________windowsfacetheriver.4.Heboughtanewcar____________________hespentallhissavings.5.Thereason____________________hewasabsentisnotclear.6.Theman____________________wegotmuchhelpmovedtoanothercity.知识点05特殊用法：as引导的定语从句①可指代人、物或整个主句内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例句：Asisknowntoall,practicemakesperfect.众所周知，熟能生巧。——as指代整个主句内容，作主语②常与such,as,so,thesame连用，构成固定句式：such...as,as...as,so...as,thesame...as。③可置于句首、句中或句末（非限制性）；which不可置于句首。例句：Asweexpected,ourteamwonthegame.正如我们预期的那样，我们队赢了比赛。——as置于句首Hewaslateagain,aswasoftenthecase.他又迟到了，这是常有的事。——as置于句末④表“正如、正像”，语义更贴合“众所周知、正如预期”等语境。例句对比：Shepassedtheexam,whichsurprisedallofus.她通过了考试，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。——which表“这一点”Asweexpected,shepassedtheexam.正如我们预期的那样，她通过了考试。——as表“正如”【即时检测】1.____________________isknowntoall,practicemakesperfect.2.Hehassuchagoodmemory____________________nooneelsehas.3.Shepassedtheexam,____________________surprisedallofus.4.____________________weexpected,ourteamwonthegame.5.Thisisthesamepen____________________Ilostyesterday.6.Hewaslateagain,____________________wasoftenthecase.易｜错｜点｜拨1.易错点1：that与which的误用规避方法：牢记that不能用的3种情况——①非限制性定语从句；②介词+关系代词结构；③先行词为those/ones/all等且指人时。which不能用的情况：先行词被最高级、序数词、only等修饰时，用that不用which。2.易错点2：关系副词与关系代词的混淆规避方法：若从句中缺主语/宾语，用关系代词；若不缺主语/宾语，仅缺状语，用关系副词。例：ThisistheplacewhereIlived.（lived后缺状语）；ThisistheplacethatIvisited.（visited后缺宾语）。3.易错点3：介词+关系代词的介词搭配错误规避方法：积累高频固定搭配（如payfor→forwhich,talkwith→withwhom），做题时先锁定搭配对象，再确定介词，避免凭感觉选介词。4.易错点4：关系词的多余或省略错误规避方法：①关系代词作宾语时可省略，但非限制性从句中不可省略；②关系副词不可省略；③不能同时用两个关系词，如错误：Thegirlwhosheismyclassmate...（多了she）。5.易错点5：whose与ofwhich/whom的转换错误规避方法：牢记转换规则——whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich（物）/the+名词+ofwhom（人），如whosebook=thebookofwhich。6.易错点6：as与which的位置混淆规避方法：形成固定认知——as可放句首，which绝对不能；句中/句末表“正如”用as，表“这件事”用which。解｜题｜技｜巧1.第一步：判类型——区分限制性与非限制性先看是否有逗号：有逗号→非限制性定语从句，直接排除that；无逗号→限制性定语从句，可考虑that等关系词。2.第二步：找先行词——明确修饰对象找准先行词（人、物、时间、地点、原因或整个主句），是选对关系词的核心：①先行词是人→who/whom/whose/that；②先行词是物→which/that/whose；③先行词是时间→when/inwhich；④先行词是地点→where/inwhich；⑤先行词是原因→why/forwhich。3.第三步：析成分——确定关系词功能分析关系词在从句中所作成分：①作主语、宾语、表语→用关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）；②作时间、地点、原因状语→用关系副词（when/where/why）或“介词+关系代词”。4.第四步：定介词——依托搭配与逻辑遇到“介词+关系代词”结构：①优先找固定搭配（先行词/谓语动词），如devoteto→towhich；②无固定搭配时，根据语义逻辑确定介词，如“住在某地”→inwhich。5.第五步：辨as/which——抓位置与搭配①句首必用as；②与such/so/thesame连用必用as；③句中/句末表“这一点、这件事”用which；表“正如”用as。基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）Theboy____________________issittingthereismybestfriend.Thisisthepen____________________Ilostyesterday.____________________isknowntoall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.Thecity____________________Iwasbornisverybeautiful.Shehasasister____________________worksinahospital.Thebook____________________coverisbluewaswrittenbyafamouswriter.Istillremembertheday____________________wemetforthefirsttime.Theman____________________wetalkedaboutjustnowisourteacher.Thisisthebestfilm____________________Ihaveeverseen.Thereason____________________hedidn’tcomeisclear.Myfather,____________________lovesfishing,oftengoestotheriveronweekends.Thehouse____________________weliveisverybig.Sheboughtanewdress____________________shelikesverymuch.Theyear____________________wegraduatedfrommiddleschoolwas2021.Thegirl____________________hairislongandblacksingsverywell.Thisisthefactory____________________mybrotherworks.重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）Hehassuchadifficultproblem____________________noonecansolve.Thehouse,____________________welivedforfiveyears,wassoldlastmonth.Shewonthefirstprize,____________________wehadexpected.Theman____________________weaskedfordirectionswasverykind.Thisisthemagazine____________________Igotmuchinformationabouthistory.Hewaslateagain,____________________wasnotsurprising.Thegirl____________________motherisadoctorismyclassmate.____________________wehadhoped,ourteamwonthegame.Thecar____________________enginewasdamagedcouldn’tbedriven.Sheintroducedmetoherfriend____________________Ihadheardalot.Theday____________________wecelebratedourgraduationwasunforgettable.Thereason____________________heexplainedatthemeetingwasnotconvincing.Suchnovels____________________youreadarenotsuitableforteenagers.Thetown____________________Istayedduringtheholidayhaschangedalot.易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）____________________isknowntoall,waterisimportantforlife.Hepassedtheexam,____________________madehisparentshappy.Thebook____________________Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.Shehasthesamebag____________________Ihave.Thehouse____________________windowsfacesouthisverywarm.Hewaslate,____________________wasoftenthecase.Thegirl____________________wetalkedaboutjustnowisourmonitor.____________________isreportedinthenews,thepriceofoilwillrise.Thepen____________________hewrotetheletterwaslost.Thisisthecity____________________Iwasborn.Hetoldajoke____________________madeeveryonelaugh.Theman____________________daughterismyclassmateisadoctor.Sheboughtanewdress____________________colorisred.____________________weexpected,hegotthefirstplaceintheexam.Thefactory____________________producestoysisinthewestofthecity.链接高考（测试时间：15分钟）（2025年模拟卷）Thetraditionalfestival,____________________hasahistoryofover2,000years,iscelebratedbypeoplealloverthecountry.（2025年模拟卷）Sheintroducedmetoherteacher,____________________Ihadheardalotabout.（20