专题03 阅读理解（期末复习讲义）（解析版）高一英语上学期北师大版

3/3专题03阅读理解（期末复习讲义）要想顺利通过高考英语阅读理解部分，必须具备《高中英语新课程标准》规定要达到的词汇量和固定短语量，熟悉语法结构，拓宽知识面，熟悉各种题材和体裁的文章，提高阅读速度，提高通过阅读获取信息的能力。解答阅读理解题的最基本原则——忠于原文。其蕴含的解题规律是：读文时，要透彻理解文意，充分从文中获取信息，这就是信息检索的过程；做题时，要依据题目设问并结合选项，对所检索出来的信息进行整理、分析，这是对信息进行思维加工的过程。通过“检索”找到答题根源，通过“加工”判定正确选项。【语篇特点】1．原汁原味：高考语篇一般选自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站。语篇围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题，力求用原汁原味的英语表达来体现英语国家文化、科技等方面的新元素，同时注重融入中华优秀传统文化，体现中国经济、社会和文化的发展。着重从语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力四个方面对学生的英语学科核心素养进行综合考查。2．词汇量大：新高考语篇词汇量丰富，语篇及选项中低频词汇、派生词汇明显增多，加大了语篇阅读的难度。3．长难句多：高考语篇含有大量的长难句，句子结构复杂。【命题方式】包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词句猜测题，其中以细节理解题为主。一、细节理解题细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文中定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。考法一直接细节题【典例1】GuidedCityToursThe2.5­hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill，theSkinnyBridge，theRijksmuseum，HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour，startingat1：00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.23．Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A．TheGooyer，Windmill.B．TheSkinnyBridge.C．HeinekenBrewery.D．DamSquare.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour，startingat1：00pmeveryday.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始。)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。【自主解答】D★设题特点：直接细节题的特点是在原文中可以找到和选项信息几乎一样的短语或句子。考生只需要弄清题干问的是什么，找到题干中的关键信息，然后根据信息在文中寻找相关内容(有时需跨段落寻找细节信息)进行下一步判断。正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。★设问方式：以when、where、what、which、who等疑问词开头引出问题。【解题流程】考法二综合细节题【典例2】Likemostofus，Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad，roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed，thearugulawentbad.Evenworse，Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch；IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.24．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A．Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B．Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C．Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D．Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“thearugulastory”可定位到信息句“Butasdayspassed，thearugulawentbad...IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.”；由信息句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西，而又没有完全用掉，所以无意中浪费了食物。unintentionally与文中的unthinkingly为同义转述。【自主解答】B★设题特点：综合细节题相比直接细节题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。换词类细节信息题需将题目信息与原文信息进行语义上的转换。概括类细节信息题涉及一段或几段的内容，需进行概括后加工整理才能得出答案。★设问方式：以when、where、what、which、who等疑问词开头引出问题。【解题流程】考法三数字计算题【典例3】PricesHandBrake，ThreeGearsFootBrake，NoGears1hour￡7.50￡5.003hours￡11.00￡7.501day(24hours)￡14.75￡9.75Eachadditionalday￡8.00￡6.0022.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A．￡15.75. B．￡19.50.C．￡22.75. D．￡29.50.【解析】理解具体信息。根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知，带手刹的三挡自行车的日租金为14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，故租两天为22.75欧元。【自主解答】C★设题特点：数字计算题常涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简单加工。计算量较小，比较容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。★设问方式：以when、howmuch/howmany等疑问词开头引出问题。【解题流程】二、推理判断题推理判断题是阅读理解的另一重要题型，属于深层理解类试题，要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系及细节的分析，进行推理和判断，从而领会文章的深层意义及隐含意义。要想正确地解答此类题型，必须深入词句间，根据上下文做出合理的判断。现将一些常见的推理判断题归纳如下，旨在让考生掌握一些解题的技巧，从而减少应考中的失误。考法一隐含推断题【典例1】Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse­likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco­machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself­repair.”27．WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A．Naturecanrepairitself.B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarthisdiverse.D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself­repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。【自主解答】A★设题特点：隐含推断题是高考阅读理解中的常见题型，难易程度不等。解答此类题目需在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，读懂原文，理解弦外之音，做出合理的推断。★设问方式：1．Whatcanweinfer/concludefromthepassage?2．Theauthorsuggeststhat...【解题流程】考法二观点态度题【典例2】Inafollow­upstudywith100universitystudents，theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates？Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds？Thishappenedsomeofthetime，butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently，thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow，theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain，thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision­makingareenormous.35．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful. D．Approving.【解析】观点态度题。最后一段作者说，虽然Navajas的研究有局限性，但是从他的研究看，团队讨论和做决定的潜在影响是巨大的，由此判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。【自主解答】D★设题特点：高考对观点态度题的设题越来越灵活，题目难度也有所增加。1．推断文章作者对某事所持的观点或态度；2．推断文章中的人物对文中事物或内容的观点或态度。★设问方式：What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards...?【解题流程】考法三写作意图题【典例3】“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning，itisflexible，butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken，”saysDr.BenLevine，aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife，Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser，gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.32．WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A．Therightwayofexercising.B．Thecausesofaheartattack.C．Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D．Theagingprocessoftheheart.【解析】写作意图题。根据文章中的“‘Thinkofarubberband...itwillbecomedryandeasilybroken，’．..That’swhathappenstotheheart.”可知，莱文想通过橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程。【自主解答】D★设题特点：各种话题的阅读材料都有可能考查写作意图题。★设问方式：1．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?2．Thewriterusestheexampleof...to...【解题流程】考法四文章出处题、文章类型题、读者对象题【典例4】ReadingArt：ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists'representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtimeInthis“bookofbooks”，artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool，withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume，deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago，buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.8．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anintroductiontoabook.B．Anessayontheartofwriting.C．Aguidebooktoamuseum.D．Areviewofmodernpaintings.【解析】推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“ReadingArt：ArtforBookLoversisacelebration...threehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld”可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。【自主解答】A★设题特点：做文章出处、文章类型题要能够根据文章的主要内容和关键信息推断文章的出处和类型，做读者对象题要根据文章内容和措辞推断文章的读者对象。★设问方式：1．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?2．Thepassageisprobablyintendedfor...3．Whatisthetext?【图解技巧】考法五事物性质类推断题【典例5】MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot，”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns，includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey，andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.25．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterton’sjobonstage?A．Boring. B．Well­paid.C．Demanding.D．Dangerous.【解析】事物性质类推断题。根据文章中的“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.”和“Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.”以及对翻谱员工作的具体描述可知，蒂特顿在舞台上的工作需要很多技巧和大量的练习，由此可推知，蒂特顿的工作是要求很高的，需要高技能的。【自主解答】C★设题特点：一般涉及对文中某事件或事物性质或特点的判断，需通过分析文中的用词、语气或对细节的描述来判断，选项一般都是形容词(短语)。★设问方式：1．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?2．Whichwordbestdescribes...?【解题流程】三、词句猜测题词句猜测题着重考查利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。词义猜测题不仅要求具备一定构词法，而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词义猜测题时，应注意画线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的意义。另外，还要注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。考法一利用逻辑关系猜测词义【典例1】Todoso，Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone，Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism，startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable，beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A．Clear­up. B．Add­on.C．Check­in. D．Take­over.【解析】理解词汇。根据画线词后面的“stepawayfrom”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”。【自主解答】A★设题特点：阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义关系、同义关系和因果关系等。★设问方式：1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”inparagraph1mean?2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“...”inparagraph2probablyreferto?【解题流程】考法二利用语法关系猜测词义【典例2】TerriBoltonisa_dab_handwhenitcomestoDIY(do­it­yourself)．Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture，sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.24．Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?A．Anartist. B．Awinner.C．Aspecialist. D．Apioneer.【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture，sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.(她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作。)”可推知，此处指TerriBoltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“Aspecialist(一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“adabhand”的意思。【自主解答】C★设题特点：在做阅读理解题目时，考生利用语法关系(下定义、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句、举例、标点符号等)猜测词义是一种快速有效的方法之一。★设问方式：1．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“...”probablymean?2．Whatcouldthephrase“...”inthesentencebereplacedby?【解题流程】考法三利用构词法猜测词义【典例3】MyimaginaryGrandma’sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring，andlater.SometimesstudentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallythe_offenderwouldappearattheendoftheday，andIwouldreturnthebelonging.(paragraph8)25．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theoffender”inparagraph8referto?A．Thestudent’sparent.B．ThemakeroftheGrandma’sBox.C．Theauthor’sgrandchild.D．Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.【解析】利用构词法猜测词义。er为后缀，当其与动词缀合时，表示“做某事的人或物”；offend为动词，意为“违反、冒犯”，故offender有“犯规者、违反者”的含义。结合前文中出现的forbiddenfruit以及后文提到returnthebelonging可推知，犯规者指的是拥有forbiddenfruit的人。【自主解答】D★设题特点：使用构词法可以不借助阅读上下文便能大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以做题时可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。★设问方式：1．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“...”inparagraph1referto?2．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthefirst/second/...paragraphmean?【解题流程】考法四利用上下文语境猜测词义【典例4】TheCaribbeanTaino，theAustralianAboriginals，theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas，allofwhomappearinthisbook，canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade：ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon­literatesocietiessuchasthese，allourfirst­handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted，onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation，wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts，buttheobjects.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem. B．History.C．Voice.D．Society.【解析】理解词汇。题干问的是画线词conversation在文中的意思。根据“ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.(实物能还原历史事实。)”和“allourfirst­handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted，onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation，wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts，buttheobjects.(我们所有的第一手描述无法避免地会被歪曲，它只是对话的一半。如果我们想找到另一半，就必不能只解读文字，还要解读实物。)”可知，conversation指的是历史。【自主解答】B★设题特点：有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志性线索，可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义。这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。★设问方式：1．Whatdoes“...”underlinedinparagraph1referto?2．Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“...”？【解题流程】考法五代词指代题【典例5】...Afewyearslater，stillattractedtothecountry，hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.(paragraph1)Hisvisit，however，endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook，ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia，whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan，wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea(paragraph2)9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【解析】代词指代题。画线词在第二段首句，that用来指代上文提到的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容。根据第一段最后一句可知，汤姆·比斯尔回到乌兹别克斯坦后写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，由此可推断that指代的就是这件事，表示写一篇文章远不能描述他的所有见闻。【自主解答】D★设题特点：代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。★设问方式：1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which/...”referto?2．Theunderlinedword“it/that/they/which/...”inparagraph...refersto________.【解题流程】考法六句意猜测题【典例6】Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling，withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem，it’sjustnormal.Thishit_home_for_measIwassittingwithmy2­year­oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.24．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninParagraph2?A．Providedshelterforme. B．Becameverycleartome.C．Tookthepressureoffme. D．Workedquitewellonme.【解析】句义猜测题。根据第一段内容以及画线词后文“asIwassittingwithmy2­year­oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚地认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。【自主解答】B★设题特点：句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的、有特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。★设问方式：1．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph...mean?2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph...?【解题流程】四、主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查形式有三种：文章大意类、段落大意类及标题归纳类。主旨大意题在近三年全国卷中每套题均有涉及，虽然比重不大，但是难度较高，是大部分学生容易失分的题目类型，应给予足够的重视，争取阅读得满分。考法一标题归纳题【典例1】Turningsoil，pullingweeds，andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis，saysAbbyJaramillo，whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts，aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow­incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills，environmentalawareness，andhealthylifestylesSheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides，workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents，manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside，”shesays，“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．RescuingSchoolGardensB．ExperiencingCountryLifeC．GrowingVegetableLoversD．ChangingLocalLandscape【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Andatfirstitis，saysAbbyJaramillo，whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts，aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow­incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills，environmentalawareness，andhealthylifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了‘UrbanSprouts’学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了AbbyJaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力、环保意识以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。【自主解答】C★设题特点：标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达，主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。★设问方式：1．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?2．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?3．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebest/mostsuitabletitleforthepassage?【解题流程】考法二文章大意题【典例2】AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica，shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle，lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick­startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood，Ginni，now71，hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer，shetouredintheUK，butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest，shedecideditwastimetotaketheplungeTherealizationthatthisisapreciousland，toberespectedbyhumans，wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Achildhooddream.B．Anunforgettableexperience.C．Sailingaroundtheworld.D．MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.【解析】主旨大意题。本文开篇即介绍了金尼抵达南极洲时可爱的企鹅开启了她终生难忘的旅行的经历，下文又介绍了她去南极洲的原因、时间及其感受等。因此，“一次难忘的经历”是最佳标题。【自主解答】B★设题特点：文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。★设问方式：1．Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage?2．Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?3．Thepassageismainlyabout...4．Themainideaofthepassageis...5．Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?【解题流程】考法三段落大意题【典例3】OnMarch7,1907，theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases，theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors，thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate，andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether，theycanceleachotherout，resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors，thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms，thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons，people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent，theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.12．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation.B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。【自主解答】B★设题特点：段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。★设问方式：1．Whatdoestheauthortellusinparagraph...?2．Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout...【解题流程】

基础通关（测试时间：15分钟）Passage1（24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。LeonardoDaVinciwasagenius:wildlyimaginative,passionatelycuriousandcreativeacrossmultipledisciplines—painting,architecture,aeronautics,andengineering.Yetoddlytheword“genius”minimizeshimbymakingitseemasifheweretouchedbylightning.Hisearlybiographermadethismistake:“Sometimes,inasupernaturalfashion,asinglepersonisgiftedbyheavenwithbeauty,grace,andtalentinsuchabundancethatseemsthathiseveryactisdivine(天赐的).”Infact,theself-taughtLeonardo’sgeniuswasshapedbyhisownwillandambition.Itdidnotcomefrombeingthedivinerecipient,likeNewtonorEinstein.PartofwhatmadeLeonardoagenius,whatsethimapartfrompeoplewhoaremerelyextraordinarilysmart,wascreativity.Histalentforcombiningobservationwithfantasyallowedhimtomakeunexpectedleapsthatrelatedthingsseentothingsunseen.Leonardowasalsoaveryhumangenius.Hemademistakes.Heleftatrailofunfinishedprojects,flyingmachinesthatneverflew,tanksthatneverrolled.“TellmeifeverIdidathing...Tellmeifanythingwasevermade.”HisflawedhumanitymakesLeonardomoreaccessible.Eventhoughwemayneverbeabletomatchhistalents,wecanlearnfromhimandtrytobemorelikehim.Hislifeoffersawealthoflessons.Seekknowledgeforitsownsake.Notallknowledgeneedstobeuseful.Sometimesitshouldbepursuedforpurepleasure.LeonardodidnotneedtoknowhowheartvalvesworktopainttheMonaLisa,nordidheneedtofigureouthowfossilsgottothetopofmountainstoproduceVirginoftheRocks.Byallowinghimselftobedrivenbypurecuriosity,hegottoexploremorehorizonsandsecmoreconnections.Keepachildlikesenseofwonder.Atacertainpointinlife,mostofusquitpuzzlingovereverydayphenomena.Wemightsavorthebeautyofabluesky,butwenolongerbothertowonderwhyitisthatcolor.Leonardodid.Becurious,observethings,seethingsunseen,respectfacts,beopentomystery…WecanneverlearmenoughfromLeonardo.1．WhatsetDaVinciapartfrompeoplewhoaremerelyextraordinarilysmart?2．WhywasDaVinciregardedasaveryhumangenius?3．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.DaVinci’slifeoffersusawealthoflessons,oneofwhichistoseekusefulknowledge.4．WhichqualityofDaVinci’sdoyouappreciatemost?Howcanitbenefityouinyourlife?(Inabout40words)【答案】1．Creativitysetshimapartfrompeoplewhoaremerelyextraordinarilysmart.2．Becausehemademistakesandheleftatrailofunfinishedprojects,suchasflyingmachinesthatneverflewandtanksthatneverrolled.3．DaVinci’slifeoffersusawealthoflessons,oneofwhichistoseekusefulknowledge.Becausenotallknowledgeneedstobeuseful.Sometimesitshouldbepursuedforpurepleasure.4．Onepossibleversion:Iappreciatethequalityofbeingcuriousmost.Becausebeingcuriouscanforcemetokeeplearningnewknowledge.IfIamcuriousaboutoneproblem,Iwillrefertosomebookstogetabetterunderstandingoftheknowledge.【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了达·芬奇是一个有创造力，有人类本性的天才。他充满好奇心，善于观察事物，尊重事实，接受神秘等这些品质，值得我们学习。1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“PartofwhatmadeLeonardoagenius,whatsethimapartfrompeoplewhoaremerelyextraordinarilysmart,wascreativity.(使列奥纳多成为天才的部分原因，使他与那些仅仅是非常聪明的人区别开来的部分原因是创造力)”可知，是创造力将达·芬奇与那些只是非常聪明的人区别开来，故答案为Creativity.或Creativitysetshimapartfrompeoplewhoaremerelyextraordinarilysmart.2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Leonardowasalsoaveryhumangenius.Hemademistakes.Heleftatrailofunfinishedprojects,flyingmachinesthatneverflew,tanksthatneverrolled.(列奥纳多也是一个非常有人类本性的天才。他犯了错误。他留下了一系列未完成的项目——从没飞过的飞行器，从没启动过的坦克)”可知，达·芬奇也犯错，而且还留下一系列未完成的项目，比如从没飞过的飞行器和从没启动过的坦克，所以达·芬奇被认为是一个有人类本性的天才，故答案为Becausehemademistakesandheleftatrailofunfinishedprojects,suchasflyingmachinesthatneverflewandtanksthatneverrolled.3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Seekknowledgeforitsownsake.Notallknowledgeneedstobeuseful.Sometimesitshouldbepursuedforpurepleasure.(为知识本身而求知。并非所有的知识都必须有用。有时应该纯粹为了快乐而追求)”可知，错误的部分为“oneofwhichistoseekusefulknowledge”，因为并非所有的知识都必须有用。有时应该纯粹为了快乐而追求。故答案为DaVinci’slifeoffersusawealthoflessons,oneofwhichistoseekusefulknowledge.Becausenotallknowledgeneedstobeuseful.Sometimesitshouldbepursuedforpurepleasure.4．考查开放题。根据最后一段中的“Becurious,observethings,seethingsunseen,respectfacts,beopentomystery…”(要有好奇心，观察事物，看到看不见的东西，尊重事实，接受神秘……)可知，这些都是达·芬奇的品质，以好奇心为例，谈谈好奇心对自己生活的好处。故答案为：Onepossibleversion:Iappreciatethequalityofbeingcuriousmost.Becausebeingcuriouscanforcemetokeeplearningnewknowledge.IfIamcuriousaboutoneproblem,Iwillrefertosomebookstogetabetterunderstandingoftheknowledge.Passage2（24-25高二上·北京·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。ThePathtoSuccessSuccessisaconceptthatholdsdifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeople.Forsome,itmaybetheaccumulationofwealth,whileforothers,itcouldmeanachievingcareermilestonesoracademicexcellence.Therearealsothosewhoseesuccessasleadingahappylife,havingaharmoniousfamily,ormaintaininggoodrelationshipswithothers.Therefore,successdoesnothaveauniversalstandard;itsdefinitionvariesfrompersontoperson.However,despitethevariousinterpretationsofsuccess,certainqualitiesandapproachesaresharedbythosewhosucceed.Onekeytraitisperseverance.Achievinganysignificantaccomplishmentrequirestimeanderror.Manysuccessfulpeoplestandoutnotbecausetheyneverfacedsetbacks,butbecausetheydidnotgiveupwhenfacedwithdifficulties.Forexample,1homasEdison,thefamousinventor,encounteredthousandsoffailuresbeforefinallyinventingthelightbulb.Hadhenotpossessedthespiritofperseverance,theinventionofthelightbulbmighthavebeenlateformanyyears.Anothercrucialfactorissettingcleargoalssinceawell-definedgoalprovidesdirectionandhelpspeoplestayfocusedontheirpursuits.Psychologicalstudieshaveshownastrongcorrelationbetweengoalsettingandthefeelingofachievement.Whenpeopleestablishspecific,realisticgoalsandworkdiligentlytowardsthem,theirchancesofsuccessgreatlyincrease.Forinstance,athleteswhoaimtoimprovetheirperformancebysettingsmall,achievabletargetsoftenexperiencegreaterprogressthanthosewhoonlydreamofwinningbigcompetitionswithoutaclearplan.Inaddition,continuouslearningandadaptabilityplayessentialrolesinachievingsuccess.Themodernworldis