专题04 情态动词（期末复习讲义）（原卷版）

8/9专题04情态动词（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点 考情分析2024浙江1月高考情态动词的被动语态【考向透视】1.聚焦情态动词推测用法运用：重点考查情态动词的意义辨析。2.重视特殊结构：情态动词+havedone表示对过去情况推测。3.结合语境考查：将情态动词融入语篇，如单项选择，完形填空，语法填空、短文改错和书面表达，需结合上下文判断情态动词表推测的用法，情态动词的意义辨析是解题的关键，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。4.与其他语法综合：常与被动语态、虚拟语气结合考查，学生需准确区分不同情态动词的意义辨析用法。【复习目标】1.掌握核心语法：牢记情态动词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断情态动词，明确其在句中的意义辨析。2.突破难点易错点：攻克“情态动词+havedone”结构、情态动词意义辨析。3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写情态动词，提高语法填空的准确率。4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用情态动词，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。2023全国甲卷情态动词的被动语态情态动词的用法情态动词的用法知识点01情态动词后的动词形式后接进行式，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.他现在肯定在做他的家庭作业。后接完成式，表示对过去情况的推测或与事实相反的虚拟。Youcan’thaveseenMaryyesterdaybecauseshewasinParis.你昨天不可能见到玛丽，因为她在巴黎。后接完成进行式，表示对持续动作的推测。Theyaretootirednow.Theymusthavebeenworkingallday.他们现在太累了。他们肯定一整天都在工作。后接被动语态，表示主语和动词是被动关系。Thecatlooksscared.Itshouldbeleftalone,andmightcalmdown.这只猫看起来很害怕。应该不打扰，让这只猫独处，这样它可能会平静下来。Itisimportantthatourdrinkingwaterbeprotected/shouldbeprotectedfrombeingpolluted.我们的饮用水免受污染是很重要的。易｜错｜点｜拨“情态动词＋havedone”表示对过去的推测1．musthavedone表示对过去发生的事或行为的肯定推测，把握性大，意为“一定做过某事”，只用于肯定句中。Sinceshehadnotansweredhislettershemusthaveleftthere.由于她没有给他回信，她一定是已经离开那里了。2．may/mighthavedone表示对过去行为的推测，把握性小，意为“也许已经做过某事”，主要用于肯定句和否定句中。Johnisn’tathome.Ithinkhemay/mighthavegonetoschool.约翰不在家，我想他可能去上学了吧。3．can’t/couldn’thavedone表示对过去发生的事或行为的否定推测，意为“不可能做过某事”，可通用。can’t语气更加强烈一些。Shecan’t/couldn’thaveheardyouknockingatthedoor.她不可能听见你敲门。【即时检测】1．Lilygotthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest.She________manytimeslastweek.A．couldn’thavepractised B．musthavepractisedC．couldpractise D．mightpractice2．He,aswellasmanynovelists,may________yearsgivinguphisweekendsandfreetimetowritehislife’swork,yetstillthisisoftennotenough.A．hasspent B．havespent C．spent D．bespending3．Lifeisnotalwayseasy.You________somemomentswhenyouweredisappointed.A．have B．couldhavehad C．mayhad D．musthavehad4．Mr.White________at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A．hadarrived B．shouldarriveC．shouldbearriving D．shouldhavearrived知识点02can/could的用法①表示能力，意为“能，会”，泛指一般的能力。could为can的过去式。Hisbrotherstudyingincollegecanspeakfourkindsofforeignlanguages.他在大学读书的哥哥会说四门外语。②表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能，有时会”。Anybodycanmakemistakesinhislifetime,soitisnothingserious.任何人在一生中都可能犯错误，因此这没什么大不了的。③表示许可，意为“可以”。can和could的时态没有差别，只是could的语气更加委婉。CouldIhavealookatthatnewmonitor？我可以看一下那台新的显示器吗？④表示推测，通常用于否定句或疑问句中，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信；且此时could的可能性比can小；常见can't形式表推测。He'sjusthadlunch，sohecan'tbehungryatpresent.他刚吃过午饭,所以现在不可能饿。易｜错｜点｜拨在一般过去时中，was/wereableto通常表示能做并且已经做了的事，could仅表示能力。Iwasabletoswimtothebankwhentheshipsank.当船下沉时，我已经游到岸边了。Icouldlifttheheavybox.我能把那个沉重的盒子举起来。【即时检测】1．Ihavehertelephonenumber.Youcallherifyoulike.2．—It’snearlyaquartertoeight.Bethhasn’tturnedupyet.—Shehaveforgottenthetime.Whydon’tIcallandseewhathappened?知识点03may/might的用法①表示请求和许可。might比may语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。—Might/MayIanswerthephoneinthisroom？—No,youcan't/mustn't,becauseitisthemeetingroom.——我可以在这个房间接电话吗？——不,你不可以,因为这里是会议室。②表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.或许你妈妈不知道真相。易｜错｜点｜拨may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。Mayyouhaveahealthybodyallthetime.愿你一直拥有一个健康的身体。【即时检测】1．Lookatthedarkclouds.Itrainthisafternoon.You’dbettertakeanumbrella.2．Giventhatsheisbusy,she(may)notattendtheparty.知识点04must与haveto的用法①表示“必须,必要”时，must强调说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要；must没有时态变化,haveto有时态变化。Childrenmuststaywiththeirparentsthroughouttheentireevent.整个活动期间,孩子必须和他们的父母待在一起。Hermotherwasillandshehadtostayathometolookafterher.她妈妈生病了,她必须在家照顾她。易｜错｜点｜拨must的否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”；回答must引起的一般疑问句时，如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don'thaveto。—Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow？—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.——我们必须现在就上交练习册吗？——是的,你们必须现在上交。/不,你们不必。②must表示推测、可能性（只用于表肯定的陈述句）。You'reTom'sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.你是汤姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow,soyou'dbettergobackearlier.你妈妈现在一定在等你，所以你最好早点回去。③must表示感情色彩,意为“偏偏；偏要；一定要”,表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。I'msleepingnow.Mustyoumakesomuchnoise？我正在睡觉。你偏要弄出这么大的噪音吗？【即时检测】1．ThemagazinebeLucy’s.Wecanseehernameonthecover.2．Youbehungryafterallthatwalking.3．Dadcancookasuper“fullEnglishbreakfast”ofbacon,eggs,beans,sausagesandtoastwithbutter-MumandIjustfindawaytogethimintothekitchen!4．Hurryup!We（go）toschoolrightaway.知识点05dare与need的用法①dare作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。Idarenotgotherealone。我不敢独自去那儿。②need作情态动词时，表示“需要，有必要”，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。needn't表示“不必”；对need开头的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must而不用need,作否定回答时用needn't。—NeedIfinishmyhomeworktoday?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.——我今天需要完成家庭作业吗？——是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必。Youneedn'tworryaboutit.你不必担心这件事。易｜错｜点｜拨dare和need也可以用作实义动词。Ididn'tdaretosayaword.我不敢说一句话。Youdon'tneedtocomeinperson.你没有必要亲自来。【即时检测】1．You’dbettersendLisabackhome,becauseit’stoolateandshenotgohomealoneatnight.2．Ifyoutospeaktomelikethatagain,youwillbesorry.3．Wesuggestthedataneed(update)everymonth.4．“Youtryitifyoudon’twantto,”Mumsaid,butIgatheredallmycouragetotakeabiteandwasamazedtofinditwasn’tsobad.知识点06shall与should/oughtto的用法①shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见；用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Whatshallwedothisevening?今天晚上我们做什么？YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishreadingit.我看完这本书你可以看。Heshallbepunishedifhekeepsondoingit.如果他继续那样做，会受到惩罚的。②should/oughtto表示劝告、建议、命令，用于各种人称；should也可以表示说话者的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感,意为“居然，竟然”。Weshouldbestrictwithourselves.我们应该严格要求自己。Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldspeakillofme.我很惊讶，你竟然说我坏话。③should/oughtto表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”。oughtto表示义务或责任,比should语气重；在疑问句中常用should。Yououghttoattendtoyourparentswhentheyareold.当你的父母年老时，你应该照顾他们。【即时检测】1．Therulestatesthatnochildbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringthedayunlessaccompaniedbyanadult.2．Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.3．Parentsputthethingslikeknivesandmedicineawayinthehousetokeepchildrensafe.4．Younottakeherhelpforgranted,especiallyasshe’salwaysquicktolendahand.知识点07will/would的用法①二者均可表示请求,would语气更委婉。Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?请把球递给我,好吗?②表示意志、愿望和决心。Iwillneversaythosewordstoyouanymore.我再也不会对你说那些话了。③will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,意为“总是”。Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.假期期间,他总是每隔一天来看我一次。易｜错｜点｜拨usedto也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用于非正式场合，往往指后来停止了的动作。否定形式是didn’tuseto或usednotto。Heusedtotakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了)【即时检测】1．IrememberthateverySaturdaynightMama(sit)downbythekitchentableandcountoutthemoneyPapahadbroughthomeinthelittleenvelope.2．Tina(lie)onthegrassobservingstarswhenshewasyoung.3．Whenyoubelievesomehowyou.4．—Thankyouforinvitingus.Tellyourwifethatshegaveusaperfectparty.—I.Seeyoulater.巧｜学｜助｜记情态动词用法口诀情态动词may与can,动词原形跟后边。不单作谓词义添,shall,will也常见。建议能力可能现,命令请求可委婉。must必须dare敢,过去情态词形变。用法分清多勤练,素养提升在瞬间。基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）一、单项选择1．Withthehelpofthenewtechnology,you________e-mailyourfriendsbymobilephone.A．must B．can C．need D．should2．Whenlearninganewlanguage,you________notbeafraidofmakingmistakes,theyareanimportantpartofthelearningprocess.A．should B．would C．might D．must3．Tom________intheclassroom.Isawhimplayingfootballontheplaygroundaminuteago.A．can’tbe B．mustbe C．shouldbe D．mightbe4．—Idon’tcarewhatKatethinks.—Well,you_________.Hersuggestionsareofsomevalue.A．would B．should C．might D．could5．Inmychildhood,onNewYear’sEve,allofourfamilymembers________betogether,sittingaroundthetableandenjoyingthefood.A．shall B．would C．must D．might6．Becareful!Don’tgetthejuiceonyournewdress,forit______washout.A．won’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t7．Youdon’tlookwell.You________seethedoctor.A．oughtto B．may C．can D．might8．You________bepunishedifyoubreaktheschoolrules.A．would B．shall C．must D．should9．—Iwastoldtobehereatthistime.—Sorry,you________.Iforgottotellyouwehadchangedtheplan.A．must B．may C．can’t D．needn’t10．Ithoughtaboutallthoseyoungpeoplewhowouldnot_________gotothenexttowntobuytheirfavouritehamburgersandchips.A．haveto B．may C．shall D．usedto11．—__________youworkatsuchalatehour?Youarekillingmewiththatnoise.—How__________youtalktomelikethis!A．Must;dare B．Should;dare C．Should;can D．Will;can12．You________beseriousYouareactuallygoingtolendhimmoneyagain?A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）语法填空1．—Jim,youworkthisSunday?—Whyme?I’vebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend.2．youhelpmewiththehousework,please?(Politerequest)3．Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon’ttakelong.4．Ifinishreadingthebooktomorrow,butIamnotsureaboutit.5．Weaswelltakethesubwaytogettheresincethetrafficissobad.6．Youbecarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.7．Youcan’timagineawell-behavedmanbesorudetoalady.8．ThetwinswerefilledwithexcitementastheythoughtofthesurprisetheywereplanningforMother’sDay.HowpleasedandproudMother(be)whentheybroughtherbreakfastinbed.9．Whenwewerestudentswe(stay)upallnight.10．ItissnowingoutsidesoIstayathome.(Intention)11．Ifyouhelpus，weshallbeverygrateful.12．Don’tworry,yougettheanswerthisafternoon.13．wegoonwiththisactivityonSaturdaymorning?14．I’veorderedsomepizza,soweworryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.15．Westartoutsoearly；theflighthasbeenputofftillthreeo'clockintheafternoon.（mustn't，don'thaveto）易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）用适当的情态动词填空1．—MustIfinishthetaskrightnow?—No，you(don’thaveto/mustn’t)2．It’ssonear.Wehavetakenataxi.(shouldn’t/can’t)3．Youhavespen