专题04定语从句（期末复习讲义）(原卷版)

专题04定语从句（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点考情分析2025北京卷定语从句【考向透视】1.核心聚焦：重点考查关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）、关系副词（where/when/why）的选择，以及“介词+关系代词”结构、非限制性定语从句的运用，占语法考查分值的30%40%。2.语境导向：多融入语篇考查（语法填空、短文改错），要求结合上下文判断引导词，强调语法与语境的结合。3.综合关联：常与名词性从句、状语从句辨析，侧重考查学生对从句类型的判断能力。4.期末侧重：重点覆盖期中后拓展的非限制性定语从句、as与which的区别、抽象地点名词作先行词的用法。【复习目标】1.构建知识网络：整合全学期定语从句知识点，理清核心考点、特殊规则及易错点。2.突破核心难点：熟练掌握“介词+关系代词”“非限制性定语从句”“as/which辨析”等重难知识点。3.提升解题能力：掌握定语从句通用解题步骤，能快速准确应对不同题型。4.强化语用能力：在语篇语境中灵活运用定语从句，提高语法填空、短文改错的得分率。新高考I卷定语从句新高考II卷定语从句浙江卷定语从句2024新高考II卷非限制性定语从句北京卷非限制性定语从句浙江卷定语从句全国甲卷 限制性定语从句2023全国甲卷定语从句北京卷定语从句浙江卷定语从句全国乙卷限制性定语从句定语从句概述定语从句概述定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。关系词：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语，同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语关系副词：when,where,why关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。Thisistheschool

where

Istudiedtenyearsago.（无逗号，限制性定语从句）Heboughtahouse,

whoseroof

waspaintedred.（有逗号，非限制性定语从句）作用1.连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。2.替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。3.成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。thatwhichwhosethatwhichwhosewhowhom关系代词用法关系代词用法知识点01关系代词的用法与限制基础用法(1)who/whom：指人，who作主语/宾语，whom仅作宾语（可省略，介词后用whom）。(2)which：指物，作主语/宾语（宾语可省略）。(3)that：指人/物，作主语/宾语/表语（宾语可省略）。(4)whose：指人/物，作定语（=the+名词+ofwhich/whom）。(5)same...as...语/宾语，用于such/thesame...as...结构或固定句式（asisknowntoall）。特殊限制只用that的情况(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,few,none等不定代词时。(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(3)先行词被all,only,very,no等限定词修饰时。(4)先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。(5)主句以who/which开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。(6)当先行词是theway在句中作方式状语时，后面用that或者inwhich或者省略that。(7)【警告】注意关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。(8)【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。只用which的情况：(1)引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）,先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。(2)引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔），先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。(3)用于“介词+which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。(4)【警告】空格前出现逗号，未必后边就用关系代词which,也可能用关系代词whom（先行词指人）或where（定语从句不缺少主语或宾语）。解｜题｜技｜巧1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词；2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定；3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别关系副词的用法关系副词的用法知识点01基础用法when：先行词为时间名词（day/year/moment），作时间状语（=on/in/atwhich）。where：先行词为地点名词（city/school）或抽象地点名词（case/situation/point），作地点状语（=in/atwhich）。why：先行词为thereason，作原因状语（=forwhich）。知识点02与关系代词的辨析因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。易｜错｜点｜拨1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)3.定语从句中的主谓一致用法(1)定语从句先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。 Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。(2)定语从句先行词是oneof…结构，从句谓语用复数；先行词是theonly/veryoneof…，从句谓语用单数。Heisoneofthestudentswhohavereadthebook.他是看过这本书的学生中的一位。SheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhoknowsEnglish.她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英语的。特殊结构与非限制性定语从句特殊结构与非限制性定语从句知识点01“介词+关系代词”介词选择依据：先行词的固定搭配、从句动词的固定搭配、句意逻辑。常用结构：ofwhich/whom（表示部分与整体）、fromwhom/which（来源）、towhom/which（对象）。知识点02非限制性定语从句不可用that引导，逗号隔开，修饰先行词或整个主句。as与which的区别：as引导的从句可置于句首/句中/句末，which仅置于句末；as有“正如”之意，which无此义。【即时检测】一、定语从句填空（每空填合适的关系词）1.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirls______knowsEnglish.2.Ihavetwobrothers,both______aredoctors.3.Thebook,______coverisblue,ismine.4.Wearrivedatasmallvillage,infrontof______therewasariver.5.Thisistheway______hesolvedtheproblem.6.Thetimehase______wemusttakeaction.7.Heborrowedabook______authorisafamousscientist.8.Therearemanyreasons______peopleliketraveling.9.Theboywith______Iplayedbasketballyesterdayismyclassmate.10.______isoftenthecase,hearrivedlateforclass.二、单项选择（选出正确选项并解析）1.Thehouse______windowswerebrokenwasempty.（） A.whose B.which C.that D.where2.Hehasthreesons,none______isadoctor.（） A.ofwhom B.ofwhich C.who D.which3.Thefilm______Itoldyouaboutisveryinteresting.（） A.which B.that C.as D. Aand B4.Thisistheschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.（） A.where B.when C.that D.which5.Idon’tliketheway______youspeaktoyourparents.（） A.that B.inwhich C.不填 D. A, Band C6.Thereason______hewasabsentfromclasswasthathewasill.（） A.why B.forwhich C.that D. Aand B7.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons______werememberedintheschool.（） A.that B.who C.which D.what8.Thefactory______hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.（） A.where B.that C.which D.when9.Thereisnosuchbook______youmentionedjustnow.（） A.as B.that C.which D.what10.Hefailedintheexam,______madehisparentsveryangry.（）A.which B.that C.as D.what基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）一、语法填空1．HaveyouseenthefilmintheleadingactorisaworldfamousstarcalledLeonardo Di Caprio?(用适当的词填空)2．Whilehavinghundredsofonline“friends”isgreat,ourrealandclosestconnectionsstillliewiththoseareapartofourdailylives.(用适当的词填空)3．It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.(用适当的词填空)4． Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.(用适当的词填空)5．MymotherwassoproudofallIhaddonethatsherewardedmewithatripto Beijing.(用适当的词填空)6．Itisnormalforteenagerstobeslightlyoverweightandthereisnoreasontheyshouldbeworried.(用适当的词填空)7．Sincethen,muchhasbeendonetohelpthethousandsofpeoplehomesweredestroyed.(用适当的词填空)8．ThebestexampleisshowedbyUNES CO,runsaprogramtoprotecttheworldculturalheritagesites.(用适当的词填空)9．Meetingsonlytwolanguagesareusedmayneedonlyoneinterpreter.(用适当的词填空)10．Thereasonheexplainedforhisbeinglatewasunexpected.（用适当的词填空）二、单项选择1.—Whoistheperson______istalkingtoourteacher?—Heisournewclassmate.（） A.who B.whom C.that D.which2.Thisistheroom______mygrandmotherlivedfor20years.（） A.which B.where C.that D.whose3.Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.（） A.which B.where C.whose D.what4.Heisoneofthestudents______passedtheexam.（） A.whohas B.whohave C.whichhas D.whichhave5.Thereason______hegaveforbeinglateisnottrue.（） A.why B.which C.where D.as6.Thisisthesamepen______Ilostyesterday.（） A.as B.which C.that D.who7.Theboy______fatherisateacherisveryclever.（） A.who B.whose C.which D.that8.Idon’tlikethepeople______talkmuchbutdolittle.（） A.who B.which C.whose D.whom9.Thecity______wevisitedlastyearisverybeautiful.（） A.where B.which C.whose D.when10.Thereisnothing______canstopusfromworkinghard.（） A.which B.that C.who D.whom重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）一、语篇语法填空阅读短文，用适当的关系词填空。Ourschool,1.______wasfoundedin1950,hasalonghistory.Thereisabiglibraryinourschool,2.______wecanborrowallkindsofbooks.Thelibrarian3.______weoftenaskforhelpisverykind.Sheintroducedabook4.______tellsthestoryofateacher5.______devotedherlifetoeducation.Theteacherworkedinaremotevillage6.______conditionswereveryhard.Shehelpedmanystudents7.______familieswerepoortogotocollege.Thebook,8.______Ifinishedreadinglastweek,madeadeepimpressiononme.Idecidedtobeateacherlikeher,9.______ismychildhooddream.Ibelievetheday10.______Irealizemydreamwillesoon.二、单句语法填空1.Themanwith______youtalkedjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Hehasthreesons,two______whomaredoctors.3. Asweallknow,theearth______isroundmovesaroundthesun.4.Thehouse______windowsfacesouthismine.5.Thisisthefactoryin______myfatherusedtowork.6.Hefailedtheexam,______madehisparentsveryangry.7.Suchproblems______wemetyesterdayareverydifficult.8.Thetime______wespenttogetherwaswonderful.9.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirls______knowsEnglish.10.Therearemanyreasons______peopleliketraveling.三、句型转换1.Hehasanewcar.Thecarisveryexpensive.→Hehasanewcar____________veryexpensive.2.Shemetaboy.Hisfatherisafamousartist.→Shemetaboy____________isafamousartist.3.Wevisitedacity.Itisfamousforitshistory.→Wevisitedacity____________famousforitshistory.4.Thebookisinteresting.Iborroweditfromthelibrary.→Thebook____________borrowedfromthelibraryisinteresting.5.Helivesinaroom.Thewindowoftheroomfacessouth.→Helivesinaroom____________facessouth.6.Iknowthegirl.Youtalkedtoherjustnow.→Iknowthegirl____________talkedtojustnow.7.Thisistheschool.Istudiedinthisschool10yearsago.→Thisistheschool____________studied10yearsago.8.Thereasonisclear.Hewaslateforthereason.→Thereason____________waslateisclear.9. Asisknowntoall,Englishisimportant.→English,____________knowntoall,isimportant.10.Hehastwodaughters. Bothofthemareteachers.→Hehastwodaughters,both____________areteachers.易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）一、单项选择（选出正确选项并改正错误选项）1.Whichsentenceiscorrect?（） A.ThisisthepenwhichIboughtityesterday. B.HeisthemanwhomIworkedwithhim. C.Thehousewherehelivesisverybig. D.Asweallknowthattheearthisround.2.Whichsentenceiswrong?（） A.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. B.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen. C.Thecitywhichwevisiteditlastyearisbeautiful.D.Sheisthegirlwhohelpedme.3.Heisoneofthestudents______passedtheexam.（） A.whohas B.whohave C.whichhas D.whichhave4.Thereason______hewaslateisthathemissedthebus.（） A.why B.which C.that D.what5.Thisisthesamebook______Ilostlastweek.（） A.as B.which C.that D.who6.Theman______youtalkedtoismybrother.（） A.who B.whom C.that D.alloftheabove7.Thehouse______windowsarebrokenisempty.（） A.which B.whose C.who D.that8.______isreportedinthenewspaper,thefirewasputout.（） A.Which B. As C.That D.What9.Hehasthreesons,______aredoctors.（） A.twoofwhom B.twoofwhich C.twoofthem D.twowho10.Theway______hespeaksEnglishisverygood.（） A.which B.that C.inthat D.bywhich二、改错（找出错误并改正，说明原因）1.原句：ThisisthebookwhichIamlookingforit.2.原句：Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoarelate.3.原句：Thereasonwhyhegaveisnottrue.4.原句：AsweallknowthatEnglishiswidelyused.5.原句：Thecitywherewevisitedlastyearisverybeautiful.链接高考（测试时间：15分钟）1.（2024新课标I卷）TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute_________broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatoetodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.2.（2024新课标II卷）Chineseculturalelementsmemorating(纪念)TangXianzu,_________isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratforduponAvon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.3.（2024全国甲卷）YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark2.2millionacresuntilWrangellSaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,_________becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.4.（2024浙江1月卷）Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway_________willmakethemthemostmoney.5.（2023全国乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace_________welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.6.（2022新课标I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.7.（2021新课标II卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofapany___________usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.8.（2021北京卷）Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything___________happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.9.（2021浙江1月卷）BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool___________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.10.（2020新课标卷）The80,000objects