《软件体系结构》课件 15-课程总结

软件体系结构—课程总结软件体系结构课程组本节内容知识点串讲1体系结构设计案例讲解22架构师思维3体系结构定义软件体系结构定义不存在一个统一的定义各个流派对软件体系结构的定义重点关注 GarlanandShaw的定义：

体系结构=组件+连接件+约束

SoftwareArchitecture= Components+Connectors+Constrains体系结构风格软件体系结构风格定义软件体系结构风格的描述常见的软件体系结构风格数据流顺序的批处理管道过滤器控制环路调用/返回主程序/子程序面向对象层次结构客户端/服务器体系结构风格以数据为中心（数据共享）数据存储（编译器的演化）黑板虚拟机解释器基于规则的系统其它独立组件通信进程事件（隐式调用）其它其它风格C2HMBDSSA基于软件体系结构的开发过程软件质量属性软件质量属性定义软件质量属性与功能、非功能性需求的关系软件质量属性情景定义如何描述常见的质量属性可用性（Availability）可修改性（Modifiability）性能（Performance）安全性（Security）可测试性（Testability）易用性（Usability）其它质量属性体系结构设计架构模式的应用常见质量属性的设计可用性（Availability）可修改性（Modifiability）性能（Performance）安全性（Security）可测试性（Testability）易用性（Usability）体系结构评估常见的体系结构评估方法重点掌握ATAMATAM的过程质量属性评估效用树（UtilityTree）风险/非风险、敏感点和权衡点的理解与应用案例讲解Acompanywantstodevelopasoftwaresystemusedinitsintranet（局域网）.ThefunctionofthissystemsissameasWeiboandTwitter.Eachdepartment（部门）canpublishinformationaboutthedepartmentusingthissystem,andEmployeesinthecompanycanfollow（关注）oneormoredepartmentstoreceiveinformationpublishedbythesedepartments.Whenonedepartmentpublishesapieceofnewinformation,thesystemwillsendtheinformationtoallthefollowers（关注者）ofthisdepartment.Afteroneemployeeunfollowsonedepartment,he/shewillnotreceiveinformationpublishedbythisdepartmentinfutureFollowingaresomedetailedrequirementsofthissystem.

案例讲解Oneemployeecanfollowoneormoredepartments,andcanunfollowonedepartmentatanytime.Thetotalunavailabletimeofthesystemsshouldbelessthan10hoursinayear.Theaveragerecoverytimeofeachsystemfaultshouldbelessthanonehour.Thesystemcopiestheinterface（界面）ofWeibo,soit’seasytouse.Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.AhardwarefirewallisusedtoseparatethesystemfromtheInternet.Oneemployeecansendprivatemessagestoanotheremployeeusingthissystem.Theloadingtimefromanemployee’slogintodisplayinghis/herhomepageshouldbelessthan0.1s.Thesystemprovidesspecialinterfacestodoautomated（自动的）testing.

案例讲解Pleaseanalyzetherequirementsandcompletefollowing4questions:

a)Identifyandnametherelatedqualityattributesaccordingtothe

requirements.

b)Foreachqualityattribute,givethecorrespondingqualityattribute

scenario.

c)Foreachqualityattribute,listatleast2solutionsforarchivingthe

correspondingqualityattribute.

d)Accordingtotherequirements,whichsoftwarearchitecturestyle

isbetterforthissystem?Describethereasonandlisttheadvantages

anddisadvantagesofarchitecturestyleyouchooseforthesystem.第一步：去伪存真Oneemployeecanfollowoneormoredepartments,andcanunfollowonedepartmentatanytime.Thetotalunavailabletimeofthesystemsshouldbelessthan10hoursinayear.Theaveragerecoverytimeofeachsystemfaultshouldbelessthanonehour.Thesystemcopiestheinterface（界面）ofWeibo,soit’seasytouse.Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.AhardwarefirewallisusedtoseparatethesystemfromtheInternet.Oneemployeecansendprivatemessagestoanotheremployeeusingthissystem.Theloadingtimefromanemployee’slogintodisplayinghis/herhomepageshouldbelessthan0.1s.Thesystemprovidesspecialinterfacestodoautomated（自动的）testing.第二步：归类Thetotalunavailabletimeofthesystemsshouldbelessthan10hoursinayear.Theaveragerecoverytimeofeachsystemfaultshouldbelessthanonehour.（可用性）Thesystemcopiestheinterface（界面）ofWeibo,soit’seasytouse.（易用性）Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.（可修改性）AhardwarefirewallisusedtoseparatethesystemfromtheInternet.（安全性）Theloadingtimefromanemployee’slogintodisplayinghis/herhomepageshouldbelessthan0.1s.（性能）Thesystemprovidesspecialinterfacestodoautomated（自动的）testing.（可测试性）第三步：六要素法描述质量属性场景Thetotalunavailabletimeofthesystemsshouldbelessthan10hoursinayear.Theaveragerecoverytimeofeachsystemfaultshouldbelessthanonehour.（可用性）Thesystemcopiestheinterface（界面）ofWeibo,soit’seasytouse.（易用性）Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.（可修改性）AhardwarefirewallisusedtoseparatethesystemfromtheInternet.（安全性）Theloadingtimefromanemployee’slogintodisplayinghis/herhomepageshouldbelessthan0.1s.（性能）Thesystemprovidesspecialinterfacestodoautomated（自动的）testing.（可测试性）第三步：六要素法描述质量属性场景Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.（可修改性）第四步：针对质量属性要求给出设计策略Thetotalunavailabletimeofthesystemsshouldbelessthan10hoursinayear.Theaveragerecoverytimeofeachsystemfaultshouldbelessthanonehour.（可用性）Thesystemcopiestheinterface（界面）ofWeibo,soit’seasytouse.（易用性）Everyminorupdateofthissystemshouldbeaccomplishedby2developerwithin1days.（可修改性）AhardwarefirewallisusedtoseparatethesystemfromtheInternet.（安全性）Theloadingtimefromanemployee’slogintodisplayinghis/herhomepageshouldbelessthan0.1s.（性能）Thesystemprovidesspecialinterfacestodoautomated（自动的）testing.（可测试性）可用性策略总结可修改性策略总结性能策略总结安全性策略总结可测试性策略总结易用性策略总结第四步：抓住主要矛盾，给出建议风格Acompanywantstodevelopasoftwaresystemusedinitsintranet（局域网）.ThefunctionofthissystemsissameasWeiboandTwitter.Eachdepartment（部门）canpublishinformationaboutthedepartmentusingthissystem,andEmployeesinthecompanycanfollow（关注）oneormoredepartmentstoreceiveinformationpublishedbythesedepartments.Whenonedepartmentpublishesapieceofnewinformation,thesystemwillsendtheinformationtoallthefollowers（关注者）ofthisdepartment.Afteroneemployeeunfollowsonedepartment,he/shewillnotreceiveinformationpublishedbythisdepartmentinfuture

第四步：抓住主要矛盾，给出建议风格Acompanywantstodevelopasoftwaresystemusedinitsintranet（局域网）.ThefunctionofthissystemsissameasWeiboandTwitter.