高考英语一轮专题复习阅读理解课件核心考法

阅读理解研究高考明确考况高考真题解法实例核心考法重难突破阅读理解真题题组滚动训练核心考法重难突破◆考法1细节理解题◆考法2推理判断题◆考法3词义猜测题◆考法4主旨大意题◆应考思路◆解题步骤考法1细节理解题核心考法重难突破细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。题干常考查的六大信息有五个W(When,Where,Who,What,Why)和一个H(How)。高考对英语篇章中事实细节的考查主要分为两种情况：一是直接细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲，得出正确答案。细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。题干常考查的六大信息有五个W(When,Where,Who,What,Why)和一个H(How)。高考对英语篇章中事实细节的考查主要分为两种情况：一是直接细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲，得出正确答案。考法1细节理解题核心考法重难突破细节理解题的常见设问方式有：Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof…？Whichofthefollowingmaps/diagramsgivestherightpositionof…/relationshipof…？Whichofthefollowingmapsshowstherightwayto…？Whichofthedrawingsbelowgivesusanideaofwhat…islike?Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/howsoon/howoften…？考法1细节理解题核心考法重难突破[全国新高考Ⅱ2021·A]Jodie'sFitnessSummerClassesAsthesummermonthsrollin,ourGeorgiancountryestatemakestheperfectsettingforanoutdoorfitnesssession.eandworkoutwithourqualifiedpersonaltrainer,JodieMcGregor,onthegroundsoftheMiddletonLodgeestate.Wewillbeholdingafreetastersessionon23rdMay,at10am,todemonstratethevarietyofeffectiveandactiveexercises.Thereareeightspacesavailableforthetastersession.Advancebookingsarerequired(ge.co.uk)．Dates:23May—11JulyTickets:￡7.50persession考法1细节理解题核心考法重难突破21．WhatshouldyoudoifyouwanttoattendthetastersessionofJodie'sfitnessclasses?A．Joinafitnessclub.B．Payaregistrationfee.C．Makeabooking.D．Hireapersonaltrainer.【解析】细节理解题。根据Jodie'sFitnessSummerClasses部分中的Advancebookingsarerequired可知，本活动的体验环节(thetastersession)是需要提前预订的。故选C项。考法1细节理解题[全国乙2021·C]You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference？ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore­examinetheirrelationshiptosingle­useplasticproducts.考法1细节理解题核心考法重难突破考法1细节理解题28．WhatareVonWong'sartworksintendedfor?A．Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B．Introducingeco­friendlyproducts.C．Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D．Reducinggarbageonthebeach.【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一句Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore­examinetheirrelationshiptosingle­useplasticproducts.可知，他的作品迫使观看者重新审视自己与一次性塑料产品的关系，即引起公众对废弃塑料的关注。故选C项。考法1细节理解题核心考法重难突破考法1细节理解题ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses(放大镜),usedtoexaminecloth…Afterremovingsomeplaquebetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”．Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,laidthefoundationfortheearliestdescriptionsofmicrobes(微生物).Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye…andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.考法1细节理解题核心考法重难突破考法1细节理解题WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?A．Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.B．Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneerstudiesofmicrobes.C．Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordiseases.D．Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.【解析】推理判断题。根据首段首句ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.可知，列文虎克没有接受过正式的科学教育，只是一位布料制造商，故可推知他是一位业余爱好者。再根据首段最后一句以及第二段首句Hisobservations…laidthefoundationfortheearliestdescriptionsofmicrobes.可推知，列文虎克是微生物研究的先驱。综上所述，列文虎克是一位对微生物进行开创性研究的好奇的业余爱好者。故选B项。考法1细节理解题核心考法重难突破考法1细节理解题[全国乙2021·D]Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干扰)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.”Hismentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局)．ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.考法1细节理解题核心考法重难突破考法1细节理解题32．Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A．Ithelpshimconcentrate.B．Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C．Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D．Itencouragesface­to­faceinteractions.【解析】细节理解题。根据That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.可知，这位采访者更喜欢公共办公空间是因为在这个环境中他能集中注意力。A项中的concentrate为focus的同义复现，故选A项。考法1细节理解题核心考法重难突破考法2推理判断题[全国乙2021·D]Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface­to­faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.考法1细节理解题考法2推理判断题核心考法重难突破考法2推理判断题34．Whatmakesanopenofficeunweetomanypeople?A．Personalprivacyunprotected.B．Limitedworkingspace.C．Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D．Constantinterruptions.【解析】推理判断题。根据第二句Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.可知，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己被别人的谈话所吸引，即我们在开放式办公室里容干扰，由此可推知，持续不断的干扰使很多人不喜欢开放式办公室。故选D项。考法1细节理解题考法2推理判断题核心考法重难突破考法2推理判断题[全国甲2021·D]Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.考法1细节理解题考法2推理判断题核心考法重难突破考法2推理判断题32．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A．They'reunfair.B．They'reconservative.C．They'reobjective.D．They'restrict.【解析】推理判断题。根据所给段落的第一句和第三句可知，历史是由胜利者来书写的，天才划分的标准也是他们制定的，带有他们的主观意愿，所以当初胜利者划分的天才群体往往是欧洲裔的白人男性；再根据最后一句Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.可知，胜利者设立的天才俱乐部拒绝接纳女性或其他肤色人种或其他信仰群体的天才。根据全文观点可推断，这种涉及性别和种族的划分标准，因此这种标准在是不公平的。故选A项。考法1细节理解题考法2推理判断题核心考法重难突破考法2推理判断题[全国Ⅰ2020·C]Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows，whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.(首段)考法1细节理解题考法2推理判断题核心考法重难突破考法2推理判断题31．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?A．Skeptical.

B．Objective.C．Tolerant.

D．Conservative.【解析】通读首段可知，主要阐述了竞走的好处(Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning)及其存在的问题(Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.)，提及正反两方面，由此可推知，客观的。故选B项。考法1细节理解题考法2推理判断题核心考法重难突破考法2推理判断题[全国乙2021·B]Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline？Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?考法1细节理解题考法2推理判断题核心考法重难突破考法2推理判断题27．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A．Itremainsafamilynecessity.B．Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C．Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D．Itisasimportantasthegaslight.【解析】推理判断题。根据所给段落提及的gasstreetlamps(煤气路灯)和morningmilkdeliveries(早晨牛奶递送)并结合常识可知，意是座机迟早有一天会走上与这两者相同的道路，即逐渐被社会淘汰。故选B项。考法1细节理解题考法2推理判断题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。常见的设问方式有：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“…”referto/mean?Theunderlinedword“…”canbereplacedby______.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“…”？Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it/them”inparagraph…referto?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword“…”？考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题Theschoolsarereluctanttotaketimeoff—eventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland­Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reluctant”probablymean?A．Kind.

B．Unwilling.C．Free.

D．Careless.考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破【解析】根据破折号后的eventeacherswithticketsfortheEngland­Argentinagamehadtroublegettingthedayoff可知，甚至手中有英格兰与阿根廷对决比赛的球票的教师们也很难有放假时间。由此可以推断出前面的“reluctant”一词意为“不情愿的”。故选B项。考法3词义猜测题[天津2020年5月·C]There'salsotheadded__bonusthatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题47．Theexpression“addedbonus”referstothefactthatelectricplanes______.A．givepassengersmorepleasantviewsB．bringairlinesmorefinancialbenefitsC．offermoreenjoyableflyingexperiencesD．costlessinmaintenancethantraditionalone【解析】根据画线词后that引导的同位语从句electricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin和后文中的Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.可知，电动飞机的航程更舒适，因为没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的味道，只有环保的宁静。由此可推知，addedbonus应指电动飞机带来的“额外的好处”，即给乘客带来更舒适的飞行体验。故选C项。考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题[全国Ⅱ2020·C]Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat­sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Boomed.

B．Becamemature.C．Remainedstable.

D．Crashed.【解析】根据画线词前的Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades可知，几十年来海狸鼠的数量都因毛皮交到良好控制；再结合画线词后的…multipliedlikecrazy可知，后来海狸鼠又泛滥成灾，并可推断出造成这一现象的原因是毛某省市场生意惨淡，人们对海狸鼠毛皮的需求下降。由此可猜测，collapse的意思是“垮掉”，与crash意义相近。A项意为“繁荣”；B项意为“发展成熟”；C项意为“维持稳定”。因此，A、B、C项均不符合语境。故选D项。考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavea__roof__over__their__heads.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthetextprobablymean?A．Acap.

B．Acar.C．Ahome.

D．Acovering.考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破【解析】猜测画线部分意思的关键在于对“so”一词的理解。根据前文中的信息可知，那些无家可归的人们可能没了工作，从而无法支付房租；利用因果关系可知，无法支付房租就会没有房子住，因此画线部分应是“房子；家”的意思。故选C项。考法3词义猜测题Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin­offsofspaceexplorationincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandinmunicationssystems.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“spin­offs”?A．Applications.

B．Shorings.C．Disadvantages.

D．Gains.考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破【解析】根据画线词后的includingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction…systems可知，画线部分表示的是“好处”。故选D项。考法3词义猜测题[全国新高考Ⅱ2021·B改编]Asthetigercubsgrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dget__up__to__mischief.We'dedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题25．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A．Behavebadly.

B．Losetheirway.C．Sleepsoundly.

D．Misstheirmom.【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线部分后一句We'dedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.可知，间睡觉时，们关在一间屋子里，否则第二天会发现家里乱七八糟的，像进了动物园一样，所以这里指虎崽们很淘气，它们会“捣乱”(把房间弄得乱糟糟的)。behavebadly意为“表现不好；行为不佳”，与getuptomischief含义接近。故选A项。考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题[浙江2020年7月·B]Lesstrafficat9：37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B．Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C．Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D．Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.【解析】That指代的应是前文中提到的事物，故根据第一段最后一句Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.可知，That指的是交通信号灯的时间可以灵活变动这件事，故选C项。考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco­educationalorsingle­sexschools?【解析】根据词根educational(教育的)，再结合前缀co­(共同；一起)，可以猜出co­educational的意思是“男女同校的”。考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass­producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostcraft(手艺)nolongerexists.【解析】根据合成词中的mass(大量的)和produce(生产)可推测，mass­produced的意思是“大批量生产的；规模生产的”。考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破3考法3词义猜测题Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong.Heranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.【解析】cloud作名词时，意为“云”，在本句中作动词。分析语境可知，此处指她的焦虑影响了她的判断，因此cloud在此处表示“把……搞糊涂；使模糊”。考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题[全国Ⅱ2018·B]Ifyouhavea__juicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outesa“soft­serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreameoutbelow.考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法3词义猜测题26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．Adessert.

B．Adrink.C．Acontainer.

D．Amachine.【解析】根据画线词后的feedin,Outes及theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachine以及常识可知，juicer是一种机器，意为“榨汁机”，故选D项。dessert意为“甜品”；drink意为“饮料”；container意为“容器”；machine意为“机器”。考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法3词义猜测题核心考法重难突破考法4主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生对所读材料(或所读材料片段)中心思想或标题的概括。做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均围绕主题句展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句处，但有时也位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)。主旨大意题的考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。常见的设问方式有：考法3词义猜测题考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法4主旨大意题核心考法重难突破考法4主旨大意题Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?Whatisthe…paragraphmainlyabout?Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?考法3词义猜测题考法3词义猜测题考法1细节理解题考法4主旨大