《工业分析 Industrial Analysis》课件-项目五 煤质分析

项目五:煤质分析任务一：煤质样品采样与制备煤质种类及分析项目课程：工业分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalTask1:SamplingandpreparationofcoalsamplesTypesandanalysisitemsofcoalCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish

煤的种类繁多，质量也相差悬殊，不同类型的煤有不同的用途。如结焦性好或粘结性好的煤是优质的炼焦用煤；热稳定性好的无烟块煤是合成氨厂的主要原料；挥发分和发热量都高的煤是较好的动力用煤；一些低灰、低硫的年轻煤则是加压气化制造煤气和加氢液化制取人造液体燃料的较好原料。煤的分类：依据不同，分类不同一、煤的分类中文

Therearevarioustypesofcoal,andtheirqualityvariesgreatly.Differenttypesofcoalhavedifferentuses.Coalwithgoodcokingorcakingpropertiesisahigh-qualitycokingcoal;Smokelesslumpcoalwithgoodthermalstabilityisthemainrawmaterialforammoniasynthesisplants;Coalwithhighvolatilematterandcalorificvalueisagoodchoiceforpoweruse;Somelowashandlowsulfuryoungcoalisagoodrawmaterialforpressurizedgasificationtoproducegasandhydrogenationliquefactiontoproduceartificialliquidfuel.ClassificationofCoal:Differentclassificationsbasedondifferentfactors一、ClassificationofcoalEglish煤包含有很多种元素，由可燃物和不可燃物两部分组成。可燃物主要包括有机质和少量的矿物质，不可燃物包括水和大部分矿物质，如碱金属、碱土金属、铁、铝等的盐类。煤的元素组分：C、H、O、N、S。二、煤的组成中文Coalcontainsmanyelements,consistingoftwoparts:combustibleandnoncombustible.Combustiblematerialsmainlyincludeorganicmatterandsmallamountsofminerals,whilenoncombustiblematerialsincludewaterandmostminerals,suchassaltsofalkalimetals,alkaliearthmetals,iron,aluminum,etc.TheelementalcomponentsofcoalareC,H,O,N,andS.二、ThecompositionofcoalEglish

碳是组成煤大分子的骨架，在各元素中最高，一般大于70%。随着煤化程度的不断增高，煤中碳元素的含量也越高，如某些超无烟煤，碳含量可超过97%。碳氢是煤中第二个重要的组成元素，它占煤的质量分数为1～6%，越是年轻的煤，其含量也越高。氢中文

Carbonisthebackbonethatmakesupthemacromoleculesofcoal,withthehighestcontentamongallelements,generallygreaterthan70%.Asthedegreeofcoalificationcontinuestoincrease,thecontentofcarbonelementsincoalalsoincreases.Forexample,someultrasmokelesscoalcanhaveacarboncontentexceeding97%.碳Hydrogenisthesecondimportantconstituentelementincoal,accountingfor1-6%ofthemassfractionofcoal.Theyoungerthecoal,thehigheritscontent.氢Eglish氮硫硫元素也是组成煤的有机质的一种常见元素，它在煤中含量的多少，与煤化程度的高低无明显关系，其含量从最低的0.1到最高的10%均有。氧元素是组成煤有机质的十分重要的元素，越是年轻的煤，氧元素的比例也越大，发热量常随氧元素含量的增高而降低，其含量从1～30%均有。氧氮元素在煤中的比例较少，一般为0.5～3%。中文氮硫Sulfurisalsoacommonelementthatmakesuptheorganicmatterofcoal.Itscontentincoalisnotsignificantlyrelatedtothedegreeofcoalification,rangingfromthelowest0.1tothehighest10%.Oxygenisaveryimportantelementthatconstitutestheorganicmatterofcoal.Theyoungerthecoal,thegreatertheproportionofoxygen,andtheheatgenerationoftendecreaseswiththeincreaseofoxygencontent,rangingfrom1%to30%.氧Theproportionofnitrogenelementincoalisrelativelysmall,usually0.5-3%。Eglish

煤的元素组分的不同，不仅能反映出煤化程度，而且也直接表征出煤性质的不同。如碳含量低、氧含量高的煤，多是粘结性很差或是没有粘结性的年轻煤；碳含量高、氧含量低的煤则常是一些无粘结性的年老煤，只有碳含量在84～88%，氢含量在5%以上的中等变质程度的煤，才是结焦性较好的炼焦用煤。中文

Thedifferentelementalcompositionsofcoalnotonlyreflectthedegreeofcoalification,butalsodirectlycharacterizethedifferentpropertiesofcoal.Coalwithlowcarboncontentandhighoxygencontentisoftenyoungcoalwithpoorornocakingproperties;Coalwithhighcarboncontentandlowoxygencontentisoftensomeagedcoalwithoutcakingproperties.Onlycoalwithamoderatedegreeofmetamorphismwithacarboncontentof84-88%andahydrogencontentofover5%isconsideredcokingcoalwithgoodcokingproperties.Eglish煤的分析检验，根据目的不同，一般可分为工业分析、元素分析、物理性质测定、工艺性质测定和煤灰成分分析等。1、工业分析煤的工业分析又叫技术分析或实用分析，是评价煤的基本依据。它包括煤的水分、灰分、挥发分和固定碳四个项目的测定。半工业分析全工业分析三、煤的分析项目中文

Theanalysisandinspectionofcoalcangenerallybedividedintoindustrialanalysis,elementalanalysis,physicalpropertydetermination,processpropertydetermination,andcoalashcompositionanalysisaccordingtodifferentpurposes.1.Industrialanalysis

Industrialanalysisofcoal,alsoknownastechnicalanalysisorpracticalanalysis,isthebasicbasisforevaluatingcoal.Itincludesthedeterminationoffouritems:moisture,ash,volatilematter,andfixedcarbonofcoal.

Semiindustrialanalysis

Wholeindustryanalysis三、AnalysisprojectofcoalEglish

煤的工业分析是了解煤的性质和用途的重要指标。而煤中全硫分是确定炼焦用烟煤的重要指标。对于合成氨工业，固定碳含量是评价无烟煤用于制造合成气(半水煤气)时经济价值的一个重要指标。

中文Industrialanalysisofcoalisanimportantindicatorforunderstandingthepropertiesandusesofcoal.Thetotalsulfurcontentincoalisanimportantindicatorfordeterminingtheuseofbituminouscoalincoking.Fortheammoniasynthesisindustry,fixedcarboncontentisanimportantindicatorforevaluatingtheeconomicvalueofanthracitecoalusedintheproductionofsyngas(semiwatergas).

Eglish2、元素分析

主要测定煤中C、H、O、N、S等元素，了解煤的元素组成。元素分析的结果是对煤进行科学分类的主要依据。在工业上，是计算发热量、计算热量平衡的依据。其它元素主要是伴生元素分析。煤中的伴生元素很多，但一般是指有提取价值的锗、镓、铀、钒、铝、钽等常见的稀有元素。有时也进行有害元素分析。煤中的有害元素种类很多，如S、P、Cl、As、F、Cr、Cd、Hg等。中文2、Elementalanalysis

ElementanalysismainlydetermineselementssuchasC,H,O,N,Sincoaltounderstandtheelementalcompositionofcoal.Theresultsofelementalanalysisarethemainbasisforscientificclassificationofcoal.Inindustry,itisthebasisforcalculatingheatgenerationandheatbalance.Theotherelementsaremainlyassociatedelementanalysis.Therearemanyassociatedelementsincoal,buttheygenerallyrefertocommonrareelementssuchasgermanium,gallium,uranium,vanadium,aluminum,andtantalumthathaveextractionvalue.Sometimesharmfulelementanalysisisalsoconducted.Therearemanytypesofharmfulelementsincoal,suchasS,P,Cl,As,F,Cr,Cd,Hg,etc.Eglish3、其它分析据特殊的需要进行检测的还有煤灰成分分析、物理性质测定和工艺性质测定等。

工艺性质测定：煤的黏结性、发热量和燃点、反应活性、煤灰学理性和结性渣等。

物理性质测定：颜色、光泽、密度、硬度、脆度、断口、导电性等。

煤灰成分分析：SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、MnO、SO3、P2O5等。中文3、OtheranalysesAccordingtospecialneeds,therearealsocoalashcompositionanalysis,physicalpropertydetermination,andprocesspropertydeterminationfortesting.Measurementofprocessproperties:coal'sadhesiveness,calorificvalueandignitionpoint,reactionactivity,ashproperties,andslaggingproperties.Physicalpropertytesting:color,gloss,density,hardness,brittleness,fracturesurface,conductivity,etc.Coalashcompositionanalysis：SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、MnO、SO3、P2O5,etc.Eglish

项目五:煤质分析任务一：煤质样品采样与制备商品煤样的采样与制备课程：工业分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalTask1:Samplingandpreparationofcoal

samplesSamplingandpreparationofcommercialcoalsamplesCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish煤炭的形成植物遗体经过生物化学作用和物理化学作用而转变成的沉积有机矿产。煤炭的组成有机质矿物质水可燃物不可燃物C、H、O、S、N煤炭的作用燃料、原料、炼焦中文TheformationofcoalPlantremainsaretransformedintosedimentaryorganicmineralsthroughbiochemicalandphysicochemicalprocesses.ThecompositionofcoalorganicmattermineralwaterCombustiblematerialsNoncombustiblematerialC、H、O、S、NTheroleofcoalFuel,rawmaterials,cokingEglish煤试样是不均匀的样品，采样与制备应注意具有代表性一、煤质样品采样术语标称最大粒度筛网上样品量不大于5%样品总量时筛子的筛孔尺寸工具采样铲探管中文Thecoalsampleisanunevensample,andsamplingandpreparationshouldberepresentative一、SamplingofcoalsamplestermnominalmaximumparticlesizeThemeshsizeofthesievewhenthesamplevolumeonthesieveisnotgreaterthan

5%ofthetotalsamplevolume

toolSamplingshovelProbetubeSamplinghopperManualspiraldrillEglish工具要求采样器的开口至少是煤标称最大粒度的3倍并不小于30mm，采样器容量足够大，子样不会充满采样器采样斗手工螺旋钻中文RequirementsforsamplingtoolsTheopeningofthesamplershouldbeatleastthreetimesthenominalmaximumparticlesizeofcoalandnotlessthan30mm.ThecapacityofthesamplerislargeenoughthatthecollectedsubsampleswillnotfillthesamplerEglish方案1、采样单元数以1000t为一个基本采样单元，如大于1000t按照公式计算：2、每个采样单元子样数或者将一船、一车皮、一段时间的煤作为一个采样单元品种灰分范围采样地点煤流火车汽车煤堆船舱原煤、筛选煤>20%6060606060≤20%3060606060精煤—1520202020其他洗煤（包括中煤）—2020202020中文programme1、NumberofsamplingunitsUsing1000tasabasicsamplingunit,ifitisgreaterthan1000t,calculateaccordingtotheformula：2、NumberofsubsamplespersamplingunitOruseaship,atruck,oraperiodofcoalasasamplingunittypeAshcontentrangeSamplinglocationcoalflowtraincarcoalpilecabinRawcoal,screenedcoal>20%6060606060≤20%3060606060cleancoal—1520202020Othercoalwashing(includingmiddlingcoal)—2020202020Eglish方案3、试样质量子样最小质量ma总样的最小质量

ma=0.06d，最少不少于0.5kg标称最大粒度/mm一般煤样/kg全水分煤样/kg15026005001001025190805651055017035254081315363.751.2530.70.6510.1_随标称最大粒度d不同不同而不同中文3、ThequalityofthesampleTheminimummassofthesubsamplemaTheminimummassofthetotalsample

ma=0.06d，Atleast0.5

kgnominalmaximumparticlesize/mmGeneralcoalsamples/kgFullmoisturecoalsample

/kg15026005001001025190805651055017035254081315363.751.2530.70.6510.1_DifferentwiththenominalmaximumparticlesizedprogrammeEglish从火车皮中对角线取样时，首、末两取样点距离火车箱角1米；从汽车箱中对角线取样时，首、末两取样点距离车箱角0.5米；从煤堆中取样：要挖坑到0.2米以下采样，通常不采大于150mm的大煤块。采样点要分布在煤堆的顶、腰、底部位上，底部离地要0.5米以上采样。4、采样方法方案中文Whensamplingdiagonallyfromthetrainskin,thefirstandlastsamplingpointsare1meterawayfromthecornerofthetrainbox;Whensamplingdiagonallyfromthecarbox,thefirstandlastsamplingpointsare0.5metersawayfromthecornerofthecarbox;Samplingfromcoalpile:Todigapitandsamplebelow0.2metersfromthecoalsurface,largecoalblockslargerthan150mmareusuallynottaken.Thesamplingpointsshouldbedistributedatthetop,waist,andbottomofthecoalpile,andthebottomshouldbeatleast0.5metersabovethegroundforsampling.4、SamplingmethodprogrammeEglish煤试样采取过程中，样品量会超过实验分析用需要量，所以需要对样品进行缩分，缩分时要经过如下操作：破碎：用破碎机等将大颗粒、块状样品破碎成所需粒径样品过筛：筛选不超过一定粒径的煤样掺合：将分批筛选的煤样混合均匀缩分：用分样器逐步缩分煤样直到所需量二、煤质样品制备中文Duringtheprocessoftakingcoalsamples,thesamplesizemayexceedtherequiredamountforexperimentalanalysis,soitisnecessarytoreducethesamplesize.Thefollowingstepsshouldbetakenduringthereductionprocess:Crushing:UseacrusherorotherequipmenttobreaklargeparticlesandblocksamplesintotherequiredparticlesizesamplesScreening:ScreeningcoalsamplesthatdonotexceedacertainparticlesizeBlending:MixthecoalsamplesscreenedinbatchesevenlyReduction:Useasamplertograduallyreducethecoalsampleuntiltherequiredamountisreached二、PreparationofcoalsamplesEglish1、制样工具煤样室：水泥地面、宽大敞亮、有防尘设备破碎机：有颚式、锤式钢板和钢辊：用于手工磨碎样品分样器：格槽宽度不小于5mm，为煤样标称最大粒度的2.5~3倍振筛器和筛网：用于筛分煤样容器：用于贮存煤样的严密容器十字分样板、铁锹、搪瓷盘、台秤、毛刷等中文1、ToolsforsamplepreparationCoalsampleroom:cementfloor,spaciousandbright,withdust-proofequipmentCrusher:availableinjawandhammertypesSteelplatesandrollers:usedformanualgrindingofsamplesSamplesplitter:Thewidthofthegrooveshallnotbelessthan5mm,whichis2.5-3timesthenominalmaximumparticlesizeofthecoalsampleShakerandscreen:usedforscreeningcoalsamplesContainer:AtightcontainerusedtostorecoalsamplesCrossdividingtemplate,shovel,enamelplate,platformscale,brush,etcEglish2、制样要求收到煤样后，应登记煤种、品种、粒度、采样地点、包装情况、煤样质量、收样和制备时间，并编号应按规定程序制备制样应一次完成，如分次应按相同比例缩分煤样并合并为一个煤样分析每次破碎、缩分前仪器应清洁干净在粉碎成0.2mm煤样前应用磁铁将煤样中铁屑除去全水分煤样的制备应迅速，并立即分析检验中文2、RequirementsforsamplepreparationAfterreceivingthecoalsample,thecoaltype,variety,particlesize,samplinglocation,packagingsituation,coalsamplequality,collectionandpreparationtimeshouldberegisteredandnumberedShouldbepreparedaccordingtotheprescribedprocedureThesamplepreparationshouldbecompletedinonego.Ifdivided,thecoalsampleshouldbereducedinthesameproportionandcombinedintoonecoalsampleforanalysisTheinstrumentshouldbecleanedthoroughlybeforeeachcrushingandreductionBeforecrushinginto0.2

mmcoalsample,useamagnettoremoveironshavingsfromthecoalsampleThepreparationoffullmoisturecoalsamplesshouldberapid,andthefullmoistureshouldbemeasuredimmediatelyafterpreparationEglish项目五:煤质分析任务二：煤的工业分析煤质灰分测定课程：工业分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalTask2:IndustrialanalysisofcoalDeterminationofashcontentincoalCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish1、灰分的来源和测定意义煤的灰分是煤中所有可燃物在一定条件下完全燃烧后，矿物质（除水分以外的所有无机质的总称）在一定温度下，经一系列复杂化学反应以后所剩下的残渣，用符号A表示。灰分越低也就越好中文1、ThesourceandmeasurementsignificanceofashcontentTheashcontentofcoalistheresidueleftbyaseriesofcomplexchemicalreactionsofminerals(excludingmoisture)aftercompletecombustionofallcombustiblesincoalundercertainconditions,atacertaintemperature,representedbythesymbolA.Thelowertheashcontent,thebetterthequalityofcoalEglish2、空气干燥煤样灰分（Aad）测定方法快速灰化法：将装有煤样的灰皿直接送入预先加热至815

10℃马弗炉中，根据放入方式不同又分为方法A和B缓慢灰化法：称取一定量空气干燥煤样，放入马弗炉，以一定速度加热到815

10℃，灰化并灼烧至质量恒定中文2、Determinationmethodforashcontentofairdriedcoalsamples(Aad)Rapidashingmethod:Directlyfeedtheashtraycontainingcoalsampleintoamufflefurnacepreheatedto815±10℃forburning.Accordingtothedifferentplacementmethods,itcanbefurtherdividedintomethodsAandBSlowashingmethod:Weighacertainamountofairdriedcoalsample,putitintoamufflefurnace,heatitatacertainspeedto815±10℃,andburnituntilthemassisconstantarbitrationlawEglish（1）缓慢灰化法测定步骤：称取分析煤样1

0.1g于已在815

10℃灼烧至恒重的灰皿中，精确至0.0002g，并摊平。灰皿灰皿架中文（1）SlowashingmethodMeasurementsteps:Weigh1±0.1gofcoalsampleintoanashtraythathasbeenburnedtoaconstantweightat815±10℃,accurateto0.0002g,andspreadevenly.ashtrayashtrayholderEglish将灰皿送入温度低于100℃的高温炉中，将炉门留有约15mm左右的缝隙供自然通风，控制炉温在30min左右缓慢升高至500℃并保持此温度30min。然后，升高温度至815

10℃，关闭炉门，在此温度下继续灼烧1h。取出灰皿，于干燥器中冷至室温后称量，然后进行检查性灼烧。每次进行20min，直到煤样的质量变化小于0.001g时为止，取最后一次质量计算。灰分<15%的样品，可不必进行检查性灼烧。中文Sendtheashtrayintoahigh-temperaturefurnacewithatemperaturebelow100℃,leaveagapofabout15mmonthefurnacedoorfornaturalventilation,controlthefurnacetemperaturetoslowlyriseto500℃forabout30min,andmaintainthistemperaturefor30min.Then,raisethetemperatureto815±10℃,closethefurnacedoor,andcontinuetoburnatthistemperaturefor1hour.Takeouttheashtray,coolittoroomtemperatureinadryer,weighit,andthenperformacheckburn.Perform20minuteseachtimeuntilthemasschangeofthecoalsampleislessthan0.001g,andtakethelastmasstocalculatetheashcontent.Sampleswithanashcontentoflessthan15%donotrequireinspectionburning.Eglish（2）快速灰化法方法A测定步骤：称取分析煤样1

0.1g于已在815

10℃灼烧至恒重的灰皿中，置于快速测定仪传送带上，控制传送速度17mm/min左右送入已加热至温度815

10℃的快速灰化测定仪中。当灰皿送出时取下，冷至室温后称量。中文（2）RapidashingmethodThedeterminationstepsofmethodA:Weigh1±0.1gofcoalsampleandplaceitinanashtraythathasbeenburnedtoaconstantweightat815±10℃.Placeashtrayontheconveyorbeltoftherapidashinganalyzer,controltheconveyingspeedtoabout17mm/min,andsendittotherapidashinganalyzerthathasbeenheatedtoatemperatureof815±10℃.Whentheashtrayissentout,removeitandweighitaftercoolingtoroomtemperature.Eglish方法B测定步骤：将盛有煤样的灰皿排放于耐热板上，缓慢送入已加热至815

10℃的高温炉中，按序将一排排灰皿推入至炉内炽热部分。先使第一排煤样灰化，待5~10min后煤样不再冒烟时，再以每分钟不大于2mm的速度把二、三、四排顺序推入（若煤样着火爆炸试验作废），关上炉门，在815

10℃灼烧40min，取出冷却后称量。进行检查性灼烧。中文ThedeterminationstepsofmethodB:Placetheashtrayescontainingcoalsamplesonaheat-resistantplate,slowlyfeedthemintoahigh-temperaturefurnacethathasbeenheatedto815±10℃,andsequentiallypusharowofashtrayesintothehotpartofthefurnace.First,ashthefirstrowofcoalsamples.After5-10minutes,whenthecoalsamplesnolongeremitsmoke,pushthesecond,third,andfourthrowsinsequenceataspeednotexceeding2mmperminute(ifthecoalsamplefireandexplosiontestisinvalid),closethefurnacedoor,burnat815±10℃for40minutes,removeandcool,andweigh.Next,performanexploratoryburn.Eglish3、煤中灰分的计算中文3、CalculationofashcontentincoalQualityofresiduesQualityofcoalEglish项目五:煤质分析任务三：煤的元素分析煤中氮的测定课程：工业分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalsTaskThree:ElementalanalysisofcoalDeterminationofnitrogenincoalCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish1、方法原理称取一定量的空气干燥基煤样，加入混合催化剂和硫酸，加热分解，氮转化为硫酸氢铵，加入过量NaOH溶液，把氨蒸出并吸收在硼酸溶液中，用硫酸标准溶液滴定。（一）半微量凯氏法中文1、MethodprincipleWeighacertainamountofairdriedcoalsample,addamixedcatalystandsulfuricacid,heatanddecomposethecoalsample,convertthenitrogeninthecoalintoammoniumbisulfate,thenaddanexcessNaOHsolutionfordistillation,absorbtheevaporatedammoniawithboricacidsolution,andfinallytitratewithsulfuricacidstandardsolution.（一）SemitraceKjeldahlmethodcoalcatalystEglish2、所需试剂混合催化剂：32g无水硫酸钠、5g硫酸汞、0.5g硒粉混合而成硼酸：3%水溶液混合碱溶液：37gNaOH、3gNa2S溶于100mL蒸馏水甲基红-亚甲基兰混合指示剂硫酸标准溶液：c（1/2H2SO4）=0.025mol/L中文2、RequiredreagentsMixedcatalyst:madebymixing32

ganhydroussodiumsulfate,5

gmercurysulfate,and0.5

gseleniumpowderBoricacid:3%aqueoussolutionMixedalkalinesolution:37gNaOHand3gNa2Sdissolvedin100mLdistilledwaterMethylred-methylenebluemixedindicatorSulfuricacidstandardsolution：c（1/2H2SO4）=0.025mol/LEglish3、实验步骤消解蒸馏吸收滴定煤样置于50mL凯氏瓶，加入催化剂和浓硫酸，350℃消解消解液转入250mL凯氏瓶，加入混合碱蒸馏蒸馏馏出液用硼酸吸收硼酸吸收液用硫酸标准溶液滴定消解装置示意图1-温度计；2-短颈漏斗；3-凯氏瓶；4-铝加热体；5-加热炉中文3、ProceduredigestiondistillationAbsorptiontitrationPlacethecoalsampleina50mLKjeldahlflask,addcatalystandconcentratedsulfuricacid,anddigestat350℃Transferthedigestionsolutionintoa250mLKjeldahlflask,addmixedalkali,anddistillAbsorbdistillatewithboricacidTitrateboricacidabsorptionsolutionwithsulfuricacidstandardsolutionSchematicdiagramofdigestiondevice1.thermometer;2-shortneckedfunnel;3-kjeldahlbottle;4-aluminumheatingelement;5-heatingfurnaceEglish4、结果计算硫酸标准溶液消耗体积煤样质量空白实验消耗硫酸标准溶液体积硫酸（1/2H2SO4）标准溶液浓度中文4、resultcalculationvolume

consumptionofsulfuricacidstandardsolutionThequalityofcoalVolumeofsulfuricacidstandardsolutionconsumedinblankexperimentc(1/2H2SO4)Eglish（二）半微量蒸汽法1、方法原理一定量的煤样在以氧化铝作催化剂和疏松剂的条件下，于1050℃通入水蒸气，试样中的氮及其化合物全部还原成氨。生成的氨经氢氧化钠溶液蒸馏，经硼酸溶液吸收后用硫酸标准溶液滴定，根据硫酸标准溶液的消耗量计算氮的含量。中文（二）Semitracevapormethod1、MethodprincipleUsingaluminaasacatalystandlooseningagent,watervaporisintroducedat1050℃,andallnitrogenanditscompoundsinthecoalsamplearereducedtoammonia.Thegeneratedammoniaisdistilledbysodiumhydroxidesolution,andthedistillateisabsorbedbyboricacidsolution.Then,theboricacidsolutionistitratedwithsulfuricacidstandardsolution,andthenitrogencontentiscalculatedbasedontheconsumptionofsulfuricacidstandardsolution.Eglish2、仪器设备蒸汽定氮装置示意图1-气体干燥塔；2-氦气流量计；3,5-橡皮塞；4-T形玻璃管；6-高温炉；7-石英托盘；8-水解管；9-硅酸铝棉；10-硅橡胶管；11-缓冲球；12-蛇形冷凝管；13-吸收瓶；14-套式加热器；15-蒸馏瓶；16-硅橡胶塞；17-镍铬丝支架；18-电炉；19-平底烧瓶中文2、InstrumentsandequipmentSchematicdiagramofsteamnitrogendeterminationdevice1.Gasdryingtower;2-Heliumgasflowmeter;3,5-rubberstopper;4-T-shapedglasstube;6-Hightemperaturefurnace;7-Quartztray;8-hydrolysistube;9-Aluminumsilicatecotton;10-Siliconerubbertube;11-Bufferball;12-Snakeshapedcondensertube;13-Absorptionbottle;14setheater;15-Distillationflask;16-Siliconerubberplug;17-Nickelchromiumwirebracket;18-Electricfurnace;19-FlatbottomedflaskEglish3、实验步骤水解炉通电升温，塞紧橡皮塞，以50mL/min速度通入氦气。从蒸馏瓶侧管加入250g/L的NaOH溶液150mL，并用橡皮塞塞紧侧管口，接通冷凝管，套式加热器通电升温，并控制温度为（125±5）℃。当水解炉炉温升到500℃时通入水蒸气，继续升温到1050℃。在此温度下空蒸30min或待馏出物体积达（100~200）mL后再进行样品测定，每天都要如此操作。取空气干燥煤样（0.1±0.01）g，称准至0.0002g，与0.5g氧化铝充分混合后转入瓷舟。对挥发分较高的烟煤，在混合后的试样上覆盖一层氧化铝（约为0.3g~0.5g）。中文3、ProcedureConnectthepowersupplytoheatupthehydrolysisfurnace,tightentherubberstopper,andintroduceheliumgasataspeedof50mL/min.Add150mLof250g/LNaOHsolutionfromthesidetubeofthedistillationflask,andplugthesidetubewitharubberstopper.Connectthecondensertube,turnonthesleeveheater,andcontrolthetemperatureto(125±5)℃.Whenthetemperatureofthehydrolysisfurnacerisesto500℃,steamisintroducedandthetemperaturecontinuestoriseto1050℃.Distillatthistemperaturefor30minutesorwaitforthevolumeofthedistillatetoreach(100-200)mLbeforeconductingsampledetermination,anddothiseveryday.Takeanairdriedcoalsample(0.1±0.01)g,mixitthoroughlywith0.5gofalumina,andtransferittoaporcelainboat.Forbituminouscoalwithhighvolatilecontent,coverthemixedsamplewithalayerofalumina(about0.3g~0.5g).Eglish在吸收瓶中加入20mL硼酸溶液和3滴甲基红-亚甲基蓝混合指示剂，连接冷凝管出口端至液面以下。将瓷舟放入燃烧管的石英托盘上，塞紧带进样杆的橡皮塞，通入水蒸气。先将试样推到（450~500）℃区域停留5min，然后推到（750~800）℃区域停留5min，最后推到1050℃区域停留25min（此时溶液体积约150mL）。取下吸收瓶，并用水冲洗硼酸溶液中的玻璃管内外，洗液并入吸收瓶。以硫酸标准溶液滴定吸收瓶中溶液由绿色变为钢灰色，根据硫酸标准溶液的消耗量计算煤中氮的含量。中文Add20mLofboricacidsolutionand3dropsofmethylredmethylenebluemixedindicatortotheabsorptionbottle,andconnecttheoutletofthecondensertubebelowtheliquidlevel.Placetheporcelainboatontothequartztrayofthecombustiontube,tightentherubberstopperwiththesamplerod,andintroducewatervapor.First,pushthesampletothe(450-500)℃areafor5minutes,thenpushittothe(750-800)℃areafor5minutes,andfinallypushittothe1050℃areafor25minutes(atthistime,thesolutionvolumeisabout150mL).Removetheabsorptionbottleandrinsetheinsideandoutsideoftheglasstubeintheboricacidsolutionwithwater,thenincorporatethewashingsolutionintotheabsorptionbottle.Titratethesolutionintheabsorptionbottlewithsulfuricacidstandardsolutionfromgreentosteelgray,andcalculatethenitrogencontentincoalbasedontheconsumptionofsulfuricacidstandardsolution.Eglish项目五:煤质分析任务三：煤的元素分析煤中碳和氢的测定课程：工业分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalsTaskThree:ElementalanalysisofcoalDeterminationofcarbonandhydrogenincoalCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish元素分析

主要测定煤中C、H、O、N、S等元素，了解煤的元素组成。元素分析的结果是对煤进行科学分类的主要依据。在工业上，是计算发热量、计算热量平衡的依据。煤中氧元素的含量不是测定，而是通过公式计算得到的：Oad=100-Cad-Had-Nad

-St,ad

-Mad-Aad

中文Elementalanalysis

ElementanalysismainlydetermineselementssuchasC,H,O,N,Sincoaltounderstandtheelementalcompositionofcoal.Theresultsofelementalanalysisarethemainbasisforscientificclassificationofcoal.Inindustry,itisthebasisforcalculatingheatgenerationandheatbalance.Thecontentofoxygenelementincoalisnotdetermined,butcalculatedthroughaformula:Oad=100-Cad-Had-Nad

-St,ad

-Mad-Aad

Eglish1、煤中碳和氢的测定原理称取一定量的空气干燥基煤样，在氧气流中燃烧，生成的水和二氧化碳分别用吸水剂和二氧化碳吸收剂吸收，由吸收剂的增重计算碳和氢的含量。中文1、TheprincipleofmeasuringcarbonandhydrogenincoalWeighacertainamountofairdriedcoalsampleandburnitinanoxygenflow.Thegeneratedwaterandcarbondioxideareabsorbedbywaterabsorbentandcarbondioxideabsorbent,respectively.Thecarbonandhydrogencontentiscalculatedbasedontheweightgainoftheabsorbent.Eglish2、测定仪器碳氢测定仪净化系统：洗气瓶、气体干燥塔、流量计燃烧系统：电炉、燃烧管、燃烧舟、保温套吸收系统：吸水管、吸CO2管、除氮管仪器组成中文2、measuringinstrumentHydrocarbonanalyzerPurificationsystem:gascylinderwashing,gasdryingtower,flowmeterCombustionsystem:electricfurnace,combustiontube,combustionboat,insulationsleeveAbsorptionsystem:moistureabsorptionpipe,CO2absorptionpipe,nitrogenremovalpipeCompositionofinstrumentsEglish洗气瓶：容量250~500mL，内装40%KOH或NaOH，除酸性气体气体干燥塔：容量500mL，CaCl2和碱石灰，除水和酸性气体流量计：量程为0~150mL/min电炉：分二节炉和三节炉，每炉都装有热电偶、测温和控温装置燃烧管：瓷、石英、刚玉或不锈钢制成，内径20~22mm，壁厚约2mm燃烧舟：瓷或石英制成，长约80mm保温套：铜管或铁管，长约150mm，内径大于燃烧管中文Washinggascylinder:capacity250-500mL,filledwith40%KOHorNaOH,toremoveacidicgasesGasdryingtower:withacapacityof500mL,filledwithCaCl2andalkalilimetoremovewaterandacidicgasesFlowmeter:measuringrangefrom0to150mL/minElectricfurnace:dividedintotwosectionsandthreesections,eachequippedwiththermocouples,temperaturemeasurementandcontroldevicesCombustiontube:madeofporcelain,quartz,corundumorstainlesssteel,withaninnerdiameterof20-22

mmandawallthicknessofapproximately2

mmBurningboat:madeofporcelainorquartz,approximately80

mmlongInsulationsleeve:Copperorirontube,approximately150

mmlong,withaninnerdiameterlargerthanthecombustiontubeEglish吸水U形管：内装无水氯化钙或氯化镁吸CO2U形管：2个，每个前2/3装碱石棉或碱石灰，后1/3装无水氯化钙或氯化镁除氮U形管：前2/3装二氧化锰，后1/3装无水氯化钙或氯化镁吸水U形管吸CO2和氮U形管中文WaterabsorbingU-shapedtube:filledwithanhydrouscalciumchlorideormagnesiumchlorideinsideCO2suctionU-shapedtubes:2pieces,eachwith2/3ofalkaliasbestosoralkalilimeinthefrontand1/3ofanhydrouscalciumchlorideormagnesiumchlorideinthebackNitrogenremovalU-shapedtube:thefirst2/3isfilledwithmanganesedioxide,andthelast1/3isfilledwithanhydrouscalciumchlorideormagnesiumchlorideWaterabsorbingU-shapedtubeCO2absorptionandnitrogenoxideremovalU-shapedEglish准备步骤吸收系统各容器的充填和连接燃烧管的填充炉温校正3、实验准备净化系统各容器的充填和连接2341中文PreparationstepsFillingofcombustiontubesFurnacetemperaturecorrection3、ExperimentalpreparationFillingandconnectionofvariouscontainersinthepurificationsystem2341FillingandconnectionofvariouscontainersintheabsorptionsystemEglish1-铜丝卷；2-氧化铜；3-铬酸铅；4-银丝卷1-橡皮帽；2-铜丝卷；3-铜丝布圆垫；4-保温套管；5-高锰酸银热解产物；6-瓷舟三节炉的填充二节炉的填充中文1.Copperwireroll;2-copperoxide;3-leadchromate;4-silverwireroll1.Rubbercap;2-copperwireroll;3-copperwireclothroundpad;4-insulationsleeve;5-silverpermanganatepyrolysisproduct;6-porcelainboatFillingofthreesectionstovesFillingoftwo

sectionstovesEglish4、样品测定

一、二节800±10℃

，三节600±10℃称0.2g粒径小于