三年（2023-2025）湖北中考英语真题分类汇编：专题04 阅读理解之说明文（解析版）

专题04阅读理解之说明文

考点01中考真题汇编

（一）

（2025·湖北统考·中考真题）Longago,inancientChina,therewasastoryabouttheinventionofsilk.

PeoplebelievedthatsilkwasfirstinventedbyLeizu,thewifeoftheYellowEmperor.Leizulearnedhowtomake

cocoons(蚕茧)intosoftandstrongcloth.Thismagicalclothbecameknownas“silk”,anditwassovaluablethatit

wascalled“China’sGold”.Followingkings’orders,theChinesekeptthesecretofmakingsilkforcenturies.

Butthen,somethingamazinghappened!DuringtheHanDynasty,thebraveofficerZhangQiantraveled

westasfarasCentralAsiaandbroughtsilkthere.Asyearspassedby,silkbecamesoimportantthatthetraderoad

fromEuropetoChinagotitsname—theSilkRoad.

TheSilkRoadbecameabusyhighwayfortraderswhocarriedthingsacrossdesertsandmountains.From

China,peoplesoldsilkandtea.Inreturn,theyreceivedtreasuressuchasspices(香料),goldandsilverfromthe

West.Attheverybeginning,itwasmainlyabouttrade;thenpeoplebegantoshareideas,technologiesandcultures.

Forexample,ChineseinventionslikepapermakingwerespreadtotheWest,whilenewideasaboutmathand

sciencecametoChina.

Mostimportantly,theSilkRoadhelpeddifferentcultureslearnfromeachother.Art,musicandeven

languageweresharedalongthisancientroad.InplacesliketheDunhuangGrottoes(敦煌石窟)inChina,youcan

seehowartpiecescombined(融合)EasternandWesternstylesintosomethingdistinctive.Itcannotbeseen

anywhereelse.

ThestoryoftheSilkRoadtellsushowpeoplefromfarawaylandscouldbecomefriendsthroughtradeand

sharedideas.Today,weremembertheSilkRoadasoneofthegreatestexamplesofcooperationandexchangein

history.Itshowsushowimportantitistolearnaboutandrespecteachother’straditions,andthatdifferentcultures

canworktogethertocreateamazingthings.

1．WhoinventedsilkinancientChina?

A．Leizu.B．Thekings.C．ZhangQian.D．TheYellowEmperor.

2．WhatwasspreadfromChinatotheWestaccordingtoparagraph3?

A．Silkandgold.B．Teaandpapermaking.C．Spicesandsilver.

D．Newideasofscience.

3．Whatistherightorderofthefollowingfactsfromthepassage?

①ZhangQiantraveledwestwithsilk.

②ArtandlanguageweresharedalongtheSilkRoad.

③TradersfromChinaandtheWestexchangedthings.

④TheChinesewereorderedtokeepthesecretofmakingsilk.

A．①→④→③→②B．①→③→④→②C．④→①→③→②D．④→③→②→①

4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distinctive”meaninparagraph4?

A．Special.B．Public.C．Popular.D．Strong.

5．WhatdoesthestoryoftheSilkRoadmainlytellus?

A．Thechangeofworldtrade.B．Theintroductionofsilkcloth.

C．Theinfluenceoftechnologyinhistory.D．Theimportanceofcross-culturalcommunication.

【答案】1．A2．B3．C4．A5．D

【解析】本文介绍了丝绸之路的由来以及跨文化交流的重要性。

1．细节理解题。根据“PeoplebelievedthatsilkwasfirstinventedbyLeizu,thewifeoftheYellowEmperor.”可知

丝绸是嫘祖发明的。故选A。

2．细节理解题。根据“FromChina,peoplesoldsilkandtea.Inreturn,theyreceivedtreasuressuchasspices,gold

andsilverfromtheWest.”和“Forexample,ChineseinventionslikepapermakingwerespreadtotheWest,”可知丝

绸、茶叶和造纸从中国运到西方。故选B。

3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Followingkings’orders,theChinesekeptthesecretofmakingsilkforcenturies.”

可知丝绸制作方法一直是保密的，即④，直到后来“DuringtheHanDynasty,thebraveofficerZhangQian

traveledwestasfarasCentralAsiaandbroughtsilkthere.”张骞把丝绸带去西方，即①，然后开始有丝绸之路。

故选C。

4．词句猜测题。根据“youcanseehowartpiecescombinedEasternandWesternstylesintosomethingdistinctive.”

可知中西方文化融合会出来特殊的东西。故选A。

5．推理判断题。根据“ThestoryoftheSilkRoadtellsushowpeoplefromfarawaylandscouldbecomefriends

throughtradeandsharedideas.”可知丝绸之路的故事告诉我们以前的人们会通过贸易和分享成为朋友，因此

介绍了跨文化交流的重要性。故选D。

（三）

（2024·湖北统考·中考真题）Sofar,Chinahassuccessfullysentalargenumberofsatellites(卫星)and

spaceshipsintospace.Spacescientistshavebeengreatlyinspired(赋予灵感)bytheoldstoriesandancientfamous

peoplewhengivingthemnames.

Sincethousandsofyearsago,Chinesepeoplehavedreamedofgoingtothemoon.Chang’eFliestothe

Moonisoneofthemostpopularstories.Asyoucansee,China’sfirstman-madesatellitetocirclearoundthemoon

wasnamedChang’eI.Moreinterestingly,themoonrover(巡视器)wasnamedaftertheJadeRabbit,whoisthe

partnerofChang’einthestory.Theseoldstoriescarrypeople’sbestwishesanddreams.Withthedevelopmentof

scienceandtechnology,ourscientistshavemadethemcometrue.

KuaFuRunsAftertheSunisanotherstorytoshowhowmuchancientChinesepeoplewantedtoknowabout

theunknownworld.Now,KuaFuisgoingwiththescientiststo“visit”thesun,becausewehaveaspaceproject

calledKuaFuMission.

Besidestheancientstories,spacescientistsalsogetideasfromancientfamouspeople.Forexample,Mozi,

anancientscientist,discoveredthatlighttravelsinastraightlineover2,000yearsago.Hisdiscoverymadespace

studytakeabigstepatthattime.So,China’sfirstquantum(量子)sciencesatellitewasnamedMozi,makingChina

thefirstcountryintheworldtoachievequantumcommunicationbetweensatellitesandtheground.

Fromsuchsimplethingsasgivingnamestothesatellites,wecanseehowgreatourtraditionalcultureisand

whatinfluenceithasonourmodernscienceandtechnology.

1．InChina,spacescientistsgetideasfrom________whennamingsatellites.

①oldstories②traditionalprojects

③ancientfamouspeople④popularinventions

A．①②B．①③C．②④D．③④

2．WhatdoweknowaboutChang’eIaccordingtothepassage?

A．Itmovesaroundthemoon.B．ItprotectstheJadeRabbit.

C．It“visits”thesunwiththescientists.D．Itistheworld’sfirstman-madesatellite.

3．HowdoesthewritersupporthisopinioninParagraph4?

A．Bylistingnumbers.B．Bycomparingfacts.

C．Bygivinganexample.D．Byreportingaresult.

4．Whichistherightstructureofthepassage?

(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2,…)

A．B．

C．D．

5．What’sthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?

A．TospreadthetraditionalChineseculture.

B．Toexplainhowourscientistsdevelopthespaceindustry.

C．Tointroducetheachievementsinourscienceandtechnology.

D．TotellhowtraditionalChinesecultureinfluencesourspacescience.

【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．A5．D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星等与

中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。

1．细节理解题。根据“Spacescientistshavebeengreatlyinspired(赋予灵感)bytheoldstoriesandancientfamous

peoplewhengivingthemnames.”可知，太空科学家给卫星命名时受到古老的故事以及古代著名人物的启发。

故选B。

2．细节理解题。根据“Asyoucansee,China’sfirstman-madesatellitetocirclearoundthemoonwasnamed

Chang’eI.”可知，嫦娥一号绕月运行。故选A。

3．推理判断题。根据“Besidestheancientstories,spacescientistsalsogetideasfromancientfamouspeople.For

example…”可知，文章第四段介绍科学家给卫星命名时还受到古代名人的启发，下文列举了“墨子号”的例子。

故作者通过举例子的方式支持自己的观点。故选C。

4．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段介绍文章主题，太空技术与古代传统文化有关系；第二、三、四段

分别从中国传统故事以及古代著名人物方面介绍；最后一段总结全文，升华主题。故文章的结构是总（①）

——分（②③④）——总（⑤）。故选A。

5．主旨大意题。根据“Fromsuchsimplethingsasgivingnamestothesatellites,wecanseehowgreatour

traditionalcultureisandwhatinfluenceithasonourmodernscienceandtechnology.”及全文可知，作者写这篇文

章的目的是介绍中国的空间技术与中国传统文化之间的渊源，中国传统文化影响着我国的空间技术。故选D。

（三）（2024·湖北·中考真题）

EatWell,LiveWell

Weeatfoodsothatwehaveenergytorun,jumpandplay.

Weshouldhaveplentyofdifferentthings.

WeshouldeatplentyofdairyWeshouldalsoeat

enoughgrainproductssothatwehaveenergyto

productssuchasmilk,cheese,andsoon.Alongwithfish,workandplay.Grainproductsincludebread,

beansandmeat,dairyproductsmakeusstrong.riceandnoodles.

Doit!

Doit!Eatacertainamount(数

Lookforlow-fatmilkandcheese.

量)ofgrainproductstokeepfit.

Theyarehealthier.

Fruitandvegetableskeepushealthy.WeDon’t

shouldeatplentyofthemateverymeal.

forgettodrinkwater.Weshoulddrink6-8

Doit!

glassesofwatereverydaysothatourbodies

Trytoeatfruitandvegetablesindifferentcolorseveryday.

workproperly.

1．Whichofthefollowingisakindofdairyproducts?

A．Fish.B．Beans.C．Milk.D．Noodles.

2．Howmanykindsofgrainproductsarementionedinthepassage?

A．Two.B．Three.C．Four.D．Five.

3．Whichishealthierthantheotherthreeaccordingtothepassage?

A．B．

C．D．

4．What’sthewriter’sopinionabouteatingwell?

A．Grainproductsarethebestofall.B．Eatplentyoffoodasyoulikeeveryday.

C．Vegetablesmakeourbodiesworkproperly.D．Havedifferentkindsoffoodandenoughwater.

5．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanweprobablyreadthepassage?

A．Art.B．Sports.C．Health.D．Education.

【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D5．C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们应该如何健康合理地饮食。

1．细节理解题。根据“Weshouldeatplentyofdairyproductssuchasmilk,cheese,andsoon.”可知，牛奶是乳制

品。故选C。

2．细节理解题。根据“Grainproductsincludebread,riceandnoodles.”可知，文中提到了面包、米饭、面条三

种谷类食物。故选B。

3．细节理解题。通读文章可知，一份健康的饮食应该包括乳制品、肉类、豆子、谷类食物、水果蔬菜以及

水等。B选项缺少乳制品、肉类，C选项缺少水果蔬菜，D选项缺少乳制品，只有A选项种类齐全，更健

康。故选A。

4．细节理解题。根据“Weshouldhaveplentyofdifferentthings.”及“Don’tforgettodrinkwater.Weshoulddrink

6-8glassesofwatereveryday”可知，作者认为我们应该吃各种不同的食物以及多喝水。故选D。

5．推理判断题。通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了健康合理的饮食，故可能在“健康”版块读到此文章。故选

C。

（四）

（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）Overthepasttenyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecountrysideof

China.BachaVillageinHeilongjiangProvinceisoneofthem.Thepeopletherehavebecomerichwiththe

developmentofthetourism.

YouMingfen,a57-year-oldlocalwoman,openedahotelinherowntwo-floorhouse.Herfamilyalsohasa

fishingboat.Herhusbandcanuseittogetthefreshfish,whichwillbeofferedtotheguestsfromalloverChina.

Thefishskinandbonescanalsobemadeintohand-madegifts.Theyareverypopularwiththetourists.

“ThebusiesttourismseasoninBachalastsfromMaytoOctober,whichcanbringusmorethan50,000yuan

ayear,”shesaid,“Inwinter,wecanstayinawarmroomandenjoytheleisuretime.Itwasimpossiblebefore.At

thattime,wealmostdependedonfishingforaliving.”

Since2016,thetourismindustryinBachaVillagehasdevelopedrapidly.Lastyear,morethan60,000

touristscamehere,andtheincomeforeachpersoninthevillageincreasedto25,600yuan.Now,theroadsare

wider,thehousesarebrighterandthelivingconditionsaremorecomfortable.

Thankstothegoodpoliciesofthegovernment,villagersgetmorewaystomakemoney.Manyyoungpeople

whoworkfarawaycomebackandworkintheirownhometown.Theycannotonlycarefortheirfamiliesbutalso

buildtheirhometown.PeopleinChinahaveasenseofhappinessfromthebottomoftheirhearts.

1．Accordingtothepassage,peopleinBachahavebecomerichwiththedevelopmentofthe_________.

A．educationB．farmingC．fishingD．tourism

2．InParagraph4,theunderlinedword“income”means________inChinese.

A．收入B．支出C．价格D．税收

3．WhichofthefollowingaboutYouMingfenisTRUE?

A．Sheis75yearsold.B．Shehasatwo-floorhouse.

C．Shehasanicecar.D．Thegiftsmadebyherareexpensive.

4．Wecanreadthispassageinthe_________partofthenewspaper.

A．sportsB．healthC．scienceD．society

5．Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat________.

A．manyyoungpeoplegotobigcitiesforwork

B．Chinesepeoplearelivingahappylifenow

C．thegovernmentcarriesoutpoliciestoprotecttheenvironment

D．manyoldpeoplehavetolookaftertheirgrandchildrenathome

【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．D5．B

【解析】本文以黑龙江八岔村为例，介绍了在中国好政策的指导下，社会发展，人民致富的繁荣景象。

1．细节理解题。根据“Thepeopletherehavebecomerichwiththedevelopmentofthetourism.”可知，随着旅游

业的发展，八岔村的村民变富裕了。故选D。

2．词句猜测题。根据“thetourismindustryinBachaVillagehasdevelopedrapidly.Lastyear,morethan60,000

touristscamehere,andtheincomeforeachpersoninthevillageincreasedto25,600yuan.”可知，八岔村旅游业

发展迅速，去年有6万多名游客前去观光，这带动了八岔村村民收入的提高，划线部分意为“收入”。故选A。

3．细节理解题。根据“YouMingfen,a57-year-oldlocalwoman,openedahotelinherowntwo-floorhouse.”可知，

YouMingfen有一个2层小楼。故选B。

4．推理判断题。根据“Overthepasttenyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecountrysideofChina.”及全文

可知，本文以黑龙江八岔村为例，介绍了在中国好政策的指导下，社会发展，人民致富的繁荣景象，该文

章属于“社会”范畴，故在报纸的“社会”版块可读到。故选D。

5．推理判断题。根据“Thankstothegoodpoliciesofthegovernment,villagersgetmorewaystomake

money.…PeopleinChinahaveasenseofhappinessfromthebottomoftheirhearts.”可知，中国人现在有了更多

致富途径，有发自内心的幸福感，故推知现在中国人民过着幸福生活。故选B。

（五）（2023·湖北鄂州·中考真题）

(Niuperformsonthestage)

Whentheothermodelsappearedonthestage,theaudience（观众）cheeredandclapped.ThenitwasNiu’s

turn.Theaudiencesuddenlybecamesilent.However,afterfourorfiveseconds,Niuclearlyheardsomeonenextto

thestagesayinadmiration,“Socool!”

NiuYu,24,becameashiningstaratShanghaiFashionWeekforherconfidence,eventhoughshewas

wearingaprostheticleg.WhenNiuwasonly11,sheunluckilylostherrightlegduringtheWenchuanEarthquake.

Niuhaswonlotsofpraise.Thisgivesthosewhohaveprejudice（偏见）againstthedisabledahitonthenose.

“Iwastouchedbysomethingtheysaid.Theysaidthetraditionalviewwasthatsportswereforpeoplewithhealthy

legs,butsportsshouldbeakindofspirit.EventhoughIhavelostaleg,Istilldeeplylovesportsandwilldoso

forever,”Niusaid.Actually,Niufirstdrewthepublic’sattentionwhenshecompletedamarathon—a

42.195-kilometerracein2018,whichwasheldinWenchuantomarkthetenthanniversary（周年纪念）ofthe

earthquake.

Now,Niuworksasaphotographerandhasmorethan960,000followersonsocialplatforms,suchasDouyin.

“IfeelIhaveasocialresponsibilitytobridgethedisabledandthepublic.Showingmylifetothepubliccanallow

themtobetterunderstandourgroupandcanalsotellotherdisabledpeoplethatoursocietyismoretolerant（宽容）

thantheyimagined,”sheexplained.

1．WhatisNiuYunow?

A．Asportsstar.B．Asinger.C．Amodel.D．Aphotographer.

2．Theaudiencesuddenly________whenNiuYuappearedonthestage.

A．cheeredB．clappedC．becamesilentD．laughed

3．HowoldwasNiuYuwhenshelostherrightleg?

A．24yearsold.B．11yearsold.C．10yearsold.D．4yearsold.

4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“followers”meaninParagraph4?

A．Fans.B．Dancers.C．Photos.D．Learners.

5．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A．NiuYubecameashiningstarforherconfidence.

B．NiuYuhasover960,000followersonsocialplatforms.

C．NiuYufirstdrewthepublic’sattentioninthemarathonin2018.

D．NiuYuthinkssportsareforpeoplewithhealthylegs.

【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A5．D

【解析】本文介绍了在汶川地震中失去右脚却努力成为模特和摄影师的女孩——牛钰。

1．推理判断题。根据“Now,Niuworksasaphotographerandhasmorethan960,000followersonsocialplatforms,

suchasDouyin.”可知，牛现在是一名摄影师。故选D。

2．细节理解题。根据“ThenitwasNiu’sturn.Theaudiencesuddenlybecamesilent.”可知，当她出现在舞台上

的时候，观众们突然沉默下来。故选C。

3．推理判断题。根据“WhenNiuwasonly11,sheunluckilylostherrightlegduringtheWenchuanEarthquake.”

可知，在她11岁时，她在汶川地震中不幸地失去了她的右脚。故选B。

4．词句猜测题。根据“Now,Niuworksasaphotographerandhasmorethan960,000followersonsocialplatforms,

suchasDouyin.”可知，现在，牛是一名摄影师，在抖音等社交平台上拥有超过96万粉丝。followers意为“粉

丝”，与fans同义。故选A。

5．细节理解题。根据“Theysaidthetraditionalviewwasthatsportswereforpeoplewithhealthylegs,butsports

shouldbeakindofspirit.EventhoughIhavelostaleg,Istilldeeplylovesportsandwilldosoforever”可知，他们

说，传统观点认为，运动是为腿健康的人准备的，但运动应该是一种精神。尽管她失去了一条腿，但她仍

然热爱体育，并将永远热爱体育。由此可知，她不认为运动是为腿健康的人准备的。故选D。

（六）（2023·湖北随州·中考真题）

Youarealwaystoldtowashyourhandsbeforeyoueat.Youknowyoumustwashyourhandsaftergoingto

thebathroom.Youshouldwashyourhandsmanytimesduringtheday.Doyouknowhowtowashyourhands

correctly?

Alwaysusesoaptowashyourhands.Afterturningonthetap(水龙头)andwettingyourhands,youcan

rub(摩擦)yourhandswithsoap.Soapmaynotkillallthegerms(细菌),butitcanwashawaytheoilonyourskin.

Astheoiliswashedaway,thegermswillleaveyourhandsandgoaway.

Youshouldwashyourhandsfor15-20seconds.Howdoyouknowthelength(长度)of15-20seconds?

YoucansingABCSong.Bythetimeyougettothelastnote,yourhandswillbeclean!

Rubyourhandstogether.Youcanuseonehandtorubthebackoftheotherhandandthenexchangetwo

hands.Youalsoneedtorubbetweenyourfingers.Don’tforgettorubunderandaroundyourfingernails.

Maybeyourhandsdon’tlookdirty,buttherearegermsonthem.Germsaretoosmallforyoutosee.They

areonyourhandsallthetime.Manyillnessesarecausedbygerms,soyoushouldoftenwashyourhands.

1．WhydoesthewritermentionABCSong?

A．Becauseitisthemostpopularsongintheworld.

B．Becauseeveryonecansingthissongverywell.

C．BecausewashinghandsisaseasyassingingABCSong.

D．Becauseyoucansingthissongtoknowthelengthofwashinghands.

2．Theunderlinedword“note”inParagraph3means“________”inChinese.

A．音符B．注释C．笔记D．便条

3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A．Usingsoaptowashyourhands.B．Usingacleantowel(毛巾)todryyourhands.

C．Washingyourhandsforabout20seconds.D．Rubbingunderandaroundyourfingernails.

4．Accordingtothepassage,youcanknow________.

A．whyyoushouldoftenwashhandsB．whatthebestsoappeopleusuallyuseis

C．whatkindofgermsthereareonyourhandsD．howmanygermsthereareonyourhands

5．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A．Howtostayhealthy.B．Howtoprotectyourfingers.

C．Howtowashhandscorrectly.D．Howtokeepawayfromgerms.

【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．A5．C

【解析】本文主要是介绍如何正确洗手。

1．推理判断题。根据“Howdoyouknowthelength(长度)of15-20seconds?YoucansingABCSong.”可知可以

通过唱歌知道洗手的时间，故选D。

2．词句猜测题。根据“YoucansingABCSong.Bythetimeyougettothelastnote,yourhandswillbeclean!”可

知，唱到最后一个音符，手就洗好了，可推测“note”意为“音符”，故选A。

3．细节理解题。根据“Alwaysusesoaptowashyourhands.”，“Youshouldwashyourhandsfor15-20seconds.”

和“Rubyourhandstogether.”可知，并没有提到用干净的毛巾擦干手，故选B。

4．推理判断题。根据“Manyillnessesarecausedbygerms,soyoushouldoftenwashyourhands.”可知，细菌可

以导致很多疾病，所以要勤洗手，说明我们可以知道为什么要经常洗手，故选A。

5．主旨大意题。根据“Doyouknowhowtowashyourhandscorrectly?”以及下文介绍的洗手方法可知，本文

主要是介绍如何正确洗手，故选C。

考点022025年中考模拟

（一）

（2025·湖北黄冈·三模）①DoyouknowthatChinahascarriedoutanotherexcitingspacemission(任务)?

It’scalledShenzhou-19,andit’sanotheramazingjourneytoourspacestation.

②Threeastronauts,CaiXuzhe,SongLingdongandWangHaoze,arepartofthismission.Caiisthe

commander(指令长),andheonceflewtospacein2022withtheShenzhou-14mission.BothSongandWangwere

borninthe1990s.Theyarenewtospacetravel,buttheyareveryexperienced.Songusedtobeanairforcepilot,

andWangisChina’sonlywomanspaceflightengineer.SheisalsothethirdChinesewomantogoonaspace

missionafterLiuYangandWangYaping.

③TheShenzhou-19spaceshiptookofffromJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterintheearlymorningon

October30,2024.TheywentupintospaceandmettheShenzhou-18astronautsatthespacestation.Theywillstay

thereformonthsanddomanyimportantjobs.

④Duringtheirtimeinspace,theastronautswilldoscientificexperiments(实验),goonspacewalks,and

evenhelpwithbuildingandfixingthingsoutsidethespacestation.Theywillalsoteachusaboutspacethrough

educationalactivities.Aftertheirworkisdone,theyareexpectedtocomebacktotheearthinlateAprilorearly

Maythisyear.

⑤Let’skeepoureyesonthestarsanddreamabouttheexcitingthingswecanlearnfromthismission.

Maybeonedaywe’llbepartofChina’sspaceadventurestoo!

1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheastronautsofShenzhou-19isTrue?

A．SongLingdongwasanarmyofficerbefore.

B．Allthreeastronautshavebeentospacebefore.

C．CaiXuzhecarriedouttheShenzhou-14mission.

D．WangHaozeisthefirstChinesewomanspaceflightengineer.

2．Whatwilltheastronautsdoduringthemission?

a.dosomeexperimentsb.goonspacewalks

c.drivetheairplaned.teachstudentsaboutspace

A．abcB．bcdC．cdaD．abd

3．Howlongwilltheastronautsstayinspace?

A．Foraboutamonth.B．Forlessthanthreemonths.

C．Foraroundhalfayear.D．Foroverayear.

4．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A．Thehistoryofspaceexploration.B．AnotherspacemissionofChina.

C．Astronauts’personalstories.D．China’sspaceplan.

5．Whichistherightstructureofthepassage?(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2…)

A．B．C．D．

【答案】1．C2．D3．C4．B5．A

【解析】本文主要讲述了中国进行的又一次激动人心的太空任务——神舟十九号。

1．细节理解题。根据“Caiisthecommander(指令长),andheonceflewtospacein2022withtheShenzhou-14

mission.”可知，蔡旭哲在2022年曾随“神船十四号”任务飞往太空。故选C。

2．细节理解题。根据“Duringtheirtimeinspace,theastronautswilldoscientificexperiments(实验),goon

spacewalks,andevenhelpwithbuildingandfixingthingsoutsidethespacestation.Theywillalsoteachusabout

spacethrougheducationalactivities.”可知，宇航员在太空期间将进行科学实验、进行太空行走，并通过教育

活动向人们传授太空知识，因此选项abd正确。故选D。

3．推理判断题。根据“TheShenzhou-19spaceshiptookofffromJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterintheearly

morningonOctober30,2024…Aftertheirworkisdone,theyareexpectedtocomebacktotheearthinlateApril

orearlyMaythisyear.”可知，宇航员预计将在2024年10月30日发射，并在2025年4月底或5月初返回地

球。因此，他们在太空停留的时间大约为6个月。故选C。

4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国进行的又一次激动人心的太空任务——神舟十九号。

故选B。

5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出主题；第二三四段介绍任务人员、内容等；第五段总结，因此

文章为总分总结构。故选A。

（二）（2025·湖北省部分学校联考·二模）

TheFirstStepsintoSpaceIn1961,SovietastronautYuriGagarinbecamethefirsthumanin

space,completinga108-minuteflightthatshowedspacetravelwaspossible.In1969,theU.S.Apollo11mission

landedontheMoon.AstronautNeilArmstrongwasthefirsttostepontoitssurface.Hisfamouswords—“Onesmall

stepforman,onegiantleapformankind”—markedahugemilestone(里程碑).

SpaceTechnologyinOurLives

Manyeverydaytechnologiescomefromspaceresearch.Satelliteshelpustrack(追踪)storms,sendemails,

andfinddirectionswithGPS.Memoryfoam(记忆棉)inpillowsandmattresses(床垫)wasfirstdevelopedfor

astronauts’comfortduringspacemissions.Eventhewaterfilters(过滤器)inourhomesusedesignstestedinspace

stations.Spaceexplorationisn’tjustaboutdiscovery—it’salsoaboutimprovinglifeontheEarth.________

OnApril24,2025,Chinalaunched(发射)theShenzhou-20crewedspaceshipfromJiuquanSatelliteLaunch

Center.Threeastronautsweresentonasix-monthmissiontotheorbiting(绕轨道运行)spacestation,Tiangong.

ChinaistrainingnewastronautsincludingthosefromHK,Macaoandtheymaygotospacein2026.Moreover,

Pakistan(巴基斯坦)willhavetwoastronautstrainedbyChina.TheseeffortsmarkakeystepinChina’sspace

exploration.

1．WhywereNeilArmstrong’swordsfamous?

A．Theywereeasytoremember.B．TheyweresaidontheMoon.

C．Theymarkedabigmoment.D．Theyinspiredpeopletodream.

2．Becauseofspacetechnology,humanscan________.

①stopbadweather②drinkcleanerwaterathome

③sendlettersbypostfaster④useGPSonphonestofindways

⑤sleepbetteronmemory-foampillows

A．①②③B．①②④C．③④⑤D．②④⑤

3．Thebesttitleforthethirdpieceofnewswouldbe________.

A．China’sBigStepinSpaceB．AstronautsfromDifferentCountries

C．TiangongSpaceStationD．Shenzhou-20:TheFastestSpaceship

4．Inwhichofthesectionscanwereadtheabovenews?

A．Travel.B．Lifestyle.C．Technology.D．Sports.

5．Whatdoestheabovenewsfocuson?

A．Thelatestspacetechnology.B．Somefamousastronauts.

C．Bigspaceachievements.D．Humans’spaceexploration.

【答案】1．C2．D3．A4．C5．D

【解析】本文主要介绍了人类太空探索相关内容，包括早期太空旅行、太空技术在生活中的应用以及中国

航天的新进展。

1．细节理解题。根据“Onesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”可知，个人的一小步，人类的一大

步，这句话标志了人类登月的重大历史时刻。故选C。

2．细节理解题。根据“finddirectionswithGPS…Memoryfoam(记忆棉)inpillowsandmattresses(床垫)was

firstdevelopedforastronauts’comfortduringspacemissions.Eventhewaterfilters(过滤器)inourhomesuse

designstestedinsp