高二英语期末模拟卷（全解全析）（北京专用）

更多全科试卷及资料，请关注公众号：高中试卷君2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末模拟卷（北京）第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwashardnottonoticean8-year-oldkidstorminginandoutofhisownhouse.“Hedoesn’thaveafather,”saidhisneighbor,WilliamDunn.“Icanprobablydosomethingforhim.”Thatsomethingwasfishing,a1Dunn’sfatherhadsharedwithhim.“Itbroughtmepeaceandtaughtmehowtobepatient,”hesaid.Hethentookthekidfishingeveryweekend.Graduallyhetookgroupsofkidsouttofish.Mostdidn’thavefatherfigures.“They’dbeenthroughalot,andtheirliveswere2,”saidDunn.“Butwhentheywerefishing,allofthatdisappeared.Ontheboat,they’dbelaughingandmakingnewfriends.Theyjust3themoment.”4bythisscene,DunnstartedthenonprofitTakeaKidFishing.Heandthevolunteershaveintroduced2,500kids—mostwithoutfathers5—tothecalmingpeacefoundonthewaterandtheexcitementofcatchingafish.Justasimportantasthefishingarethe6Dunnformswiththosekids.Whentheyhavearoughtime,Dunnwilltalkwiththem,emphasizingself-respectandmental7.Oneofthekids,BellaSmith,saidshewouldforgetaboutthepastwhilefishingandconcentrateonsomethingpositive.“Fishingislearning,”shesaid.“I’velearnedI8abetterlifethanwhatIhad.WheneverIfeeldown,Iknowit’stimetogofishing.”Dunn’sfatherpassedawaythisyear,sofishinghas9newmeaningforhim.“IhaveastrongerlikingforitbecausenowI’mfatherlesstoo.There’snothinglikefeelingthatfirstpullonthelineandseeingakidlightupwithasmile,”saidDunn.“Ifeel10towitnessthateveryweekend.”1．A．case B．passion C．duty D．goal2．A．difficult B．dramatic C．adventurous D．boring3．A．remembered B．regretted C．recorded D．appreciated4．A．Entertained B．Shocked C．Inspired D．Confused5．A．nearby B．around C．ahead D．throughout6．A．identities B．agreements C．relationships D．opinions7．A．toughness B．dependence C．sharpness D．defense8．A．require B．deserve C．lead D．secure9．A．leftbehind B．turnedinto C．carriedout D．takenon10．A．curious B．nervous C．lucky D．hesitant【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．C5．B6．C7．A8．B9．D10．C【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了WilliamDunn看到邻居家没有父亲的孩子，想要帮助他，带他去钓鱼，从那之后他发起了非盈利组织“带孩子去钓鱼”，帮助了很多失去父亲的孩子的故事。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那就是钓鱼，这是邓恩的父亲和他共同的爱好。A.case情况；B.passion热衷的爱好、酷爱；C.duty责任；D.goal目标。根据下文“Dunn’sfatherhadsharedwithhim”可知，钓鱼是Dunn的父亲和他一起做的事情，是两个人共同的爱好。故选B项。2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“他们经历了很多，他们的生活很艰难，”邓恩说。A.difficult困难的；B.dramatic戏剧性的；C.adventurous冒险的；D.boring无聊的。根据上文“Mostdidn’thavefatherfigures.”和“They’dbeenthroughalot,andtheirliveswere”可知，孩子们经历了很多，没有父亲，生活是艰难的。故选A项。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只是欣赏这一刻。A.remembered记得；B.regretted后悔；C.recorded记录；D.appreciated欣赏，感激。根据上文“Ontheboat,they’dbelaughingandmakingnewfriends”可知，钓鱼的时候，大家都很快乐，享受并欣赏这一时刻。故选D项。4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到这个场景的启发，邓恩创办了非营利组织“带孩子去钓鱼”。A.Entertained愉快的；B.Shocked震惊的；C.Inspired受鼓舞的，受启发的；D.Confused困惑的。根据上一段“Ontheboat,they’dbelaughingandmakingnewfriends.”及下文“bythisscene”可知，受到上文场景的启发，Dunn创办了非盈利组织。故选C项。5．考查介词、副词词义辨析。句意：他和志愿者们已经让2500个孩子——大多数没有父亲在身边——感受到了水面上的平静和捕鱼的兴奋。A.nearby在附近；B.around周围；C.ahead在前面；D.throughout各处，遍及。根据上文“mostwithoutfathers”可知，参加组织的孩子们都没有父亲在身边，此处用around作宾补。故选B项。6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和钓鱼一样重要的是邓恩和孩子们之间的关系。A.identities身份，特性；B.agreements同意；C.relationships关系；D.opinions观点。根据下文“Whentheyhavearoughtime,Dunnwilltalkwiththem”可知，由于钓鱼，Dunn和孩子们之间的关系也加强了，孩子们有困难时，他会找孩子们谈话。故选C项。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们遇到困难时，邓恩会与他们交谈，强调自尊和精神上的坚韧。A.toughness坚韧；B.dependence独立；C.sharpness锋利；D.defense防御。根据上文“Whentheyhavearoughtime”及“emphasizingself-respectandmental”可知，当没有父亲的孩子们遇到困难，Dunn和孩子们交谈，强调精神上的坚韧符合文意。故选A项。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我明白了我应该过上比现在更好的生活。A.require要求；B.deserve值得；C.lead带领；D.secure（尤指经过努力）获得。根据前文“concentrateonsomethingpositive”及“abetterlifethanwhatIhad”可知，BellaSmith表示她学会更积极地面对生活，自己值得更好的生活。故选B项。9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：邓恩的父亲今年去世了，所以钓鱼对他来说有了新的意义。A.leftbehind留下；B.turnedinto变成；C.carriedout执行；D.takenon承担，呈现。根据上文“Dunn’sfatherpassedawaythisyear”及下文“IhaveastrongerlikingforitbecausenowI’mfatherlesstoo”可知，Dunn的爸爸去世了，他也没有了爸爸，因此，钓鱼对他而言也呈现了新的意义。故选D项。10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运每个周末都能看到这些。A.curious好奇的；B.nervous紧张的；C.lucky幸运的；D.hesitant犹豫的。根据下文“There’snothinglikefeelingthatfirstpullonthelineandseeingakidlightupwithasmile”可知，看到孩子们拉起鱼线，露出笑容，Dunn觉得自己是幸运的。故选C项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。RecentlyIhadanexperienceofeatingdinnerata“darkrestaurant”,11peopleeatincompletedarkness.Dinersate12(they)wholemealintotalblacknessandhadtorelyonthewaiters’guidanceiftheyneededtogotothebathroom.Iwantedtounderstandtheexperienceofbeingblind.ThenIfoundouteatingwasa13(real)difficultactivity.【答案】11．where12．their13．really【导语】本文为记叙文，介绍了作者在一家“黑暗餐厅”用餐的经历。11．考查定语从句。句意：最近我有一次在一家“黑暗餐厅”吃饭的经历，在那里人们在完全黑暗的环境中吃饭。分析句子，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a“darkrestaurant”，关系词作从句的地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。12．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：用餐者在完全黑暗的环境中用餐，如果需要上厕所，还得依靠服务员的引导。空处修饰wholemeal作定语，they为人称代词主格，应该改为形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。13．考查副词。句意：然后我发现吃东西是一件非常困难的事情。difficult为形容词，空处修饰形容词用副词作状语，really符合题意。故填really。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

TheNobelPrizeforLiteratureisanfamousinternationalprize14(award)annuallytoauthorsinrecognitionoftheiroutstandingbodiesofliterarywork.Eachyear,thelaureate(获奖者)15(select)inOctoberfromalonglistofcandidates.Thelaureate16(receive)agoldmedalandadiplomainadditiontoalargesumofmoneyfortheprizeataceremonyheldinStockholm.【答案】14．awarded15．isselected16．receives【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔文学奖。14．考查非谓语动词。句意：诺贝尔文学奖是一项著名的国际奖项，每年颁发给作家，以表彰他们杰出的文学作品。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且prize与award“授予”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语，修饰prize。故填awarded。15．考查动词语态。句意：每年10月，获奖者都会从一长串候选人名单中选出。结合Eachyear可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语thelaureate与select“选择”为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填isselected。16．考查时态、主谓一致。句意：在斯德哥尔摩举行的颁奖典礼上，获奖者除了获得一大笔奖金外，还会获得一枚金质奖章和一张证书。receive“收到”。这句话描述的是一个通常发生的情况，即每年的获奖者在颁奖典礼上会收到金牌、证书及奖金。由于这是对一般情况的陈述，句子时态使用一般现在时，且主语thelaureate为第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数。故填receives。 C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Gotokindergarten,elementaryschool,highschool,andfinally,college.MostAmericankids17(expect)bytheirparentstogetaneducationandhaveagoodlife.ForTaraWestover,theoutlookwasquitedifferent.18(raise)inapoorfamilyinIdaho,Tarawasnotallowedtohaveapropereducation.Herfather19(keep)heroutofschool,believingawoman’sbestplacewasinthehome.HowdidTarafight20therighttogeteducated?FindtheanswerinthebestsellerEducated.【答案】17．areexpected18．Raised19．kept20．for【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大多数美国孩子都会接受教育，并且父母会为他们安排好上学的一切。但是对于TaraWestover来说，她并没有接受教育，因为她的父亲认为女人最好呆在家里。17．考查时态和语态。句意：大多数美国孩子都被他们的父母期待接受教育，并且有有一个好的教育。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“andhaveagoodlife”可知，空处的时态为一般现在时。句子主语“mostAmericankids”为复数，与动词“expect”为动宾关系，所以语态为被动语态，所以空处用areexpected，故填expected。18．考查非谓语动词。句意：塔拉在爱达荷州的一个贫困家庭长大，不被允许接受适当的教育。分析句子可知，逗号前的内容在句中为状语，句子主语“Tara”与动词“raise”为动宾关系，所以空处用过去分词raised表示被动。处于句首，所以首字母大写。故填Raised。19．考查时态。句意：她父亲不让她上学，认为女人最好待在家里。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，结合句中“was”可知，空处的时态为一般过去时。故填kept。20．考查介词。句意：塔拉如何争取受教育的权利呢？短语：fightfor“争取……”，为固定搭配。故填for。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ARossMathematicsProgramTheRossProgramisasummerexperiencedesignedforpre-collegestudents.MissionStatement※AtRoss.weprovidestudentswithafocusedandsupportiveenvironmentformathematicalexploration.Weencouragemathematicalcooperationandcommunitybuilding,insteadofdirectcompetitionbetweenstudents.※AtRoss,wewanttocreateanenvironmentthatallowsstudentstoexploretheirrelationshipswithmathematics,andwetrytocreateanexperiencethatallowsstudentstoexploremathematicsdeeply,toexperiencemathematicsforthemselves,andtosharethisexplorationandjoywithothers.RossStaffWehaveexcellentcounselors(辅导员)whoareresponsibleforteachingmathematics,providingsocialandemotionalsupportforstudents,andmonitoringstudentsafety.Theyarealsoresponsibleforbeingrolemodelsforstudents,andfordevelopingawelcomingcampcultureamongtheparticipants.ProgramDatesTherewillbetwositesfortheRossProgram:※AtOtterbeinUniversityinColumbus,OH.June9throughJuly19,2024※AtRose-HulmanInstituteofTechnologyinTerreHaute,Indiana,June16throughJuly26,2024Allparticipantstypicallylivewitharoommateinacampusdormitory.Applying※Pre-collegestudentswhoareinterestedinmathematicsareinvitedtoapply.First-yearstudentsrangeinagefrom15to18yearsold,butinuniquecases,youngerorolderstudentsareaccepted.Weexpectabout60first-yearstudentsateachsite.Admissiondecisionsarebasedonschoolperformance,teacherrecommendations,essaysabouttheapplicant’sinterestsandgoals,andtheapplicant’sworkonsomechallengingmathproblems.Thefeeforattendingtheprogramis$7,000,thoughwe’reabletoprovidefinancialaidforstudentswhoneedfinancialassistancetoattendtheprogram.Thestudentfeecoverstuition,housingandmeals.Pleasefeelfreetoemailusatrossarossprogram.org!21．Whatisthegoaloftheprogram?A．Toteachstudentstobuildgoodrelationshipswithothers.B．Tohelpstudentsexploremathematicsdeeplyandjoyfully.C．Togivestudentsachancetosharetheirjoywithothers.D．Tocreateagoodcompetitiveenvironmentforstudents.22．Whatdoweknowabouttheprogram?A．Itisheldintwocountries.B．Itisonlyopento15-to18-year-olds.C．Itoffersfreeon-campushousing.D．Itlastsforaboutsixweeks.23．Whoaremostlikelytobeacceptedbytheprogram?A．Thosewhoapplyandpaythefeeinadvance.B．Thosewhoarerecommendedbytheirteachers.C．Thosewhohaveagreatinterestinmathematics.D．Thosewhohavepublishedessaysaboutmathproblems.【答案】21．B22．D23．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍Ross数学项目的目的，员工，项目时间，申请人要求及费用等信息。21．细节理解题。根据MissionStatement中的“AtRoss,wewanttocreateanenvironmentthatallowsstudentstoexploretheirrelationshipswithmathematics,andwetrytocreateanexperiencethatallowsstudentstoexploremathematicsdeeply,toexperiencemathematicsforthemselves,andtosharethisexplorationandjoywithothers.(在罗斯，我们希望创造一个环境，让学生探索他们与数学的关系，我们试图创造一种体验，让学生深入探索数学，亲身体验数学，并与他人分享这种探索和快乐。)”可知，这个项目的目标是帮助学生深入、愉快地探索数学。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据ProgramDates中的“TherewillbetwositesfortheRossProgram:※AtOtterbeinUniversityinColumbus,OH.June9throughJuly19,2024※AtRose-HulmanInstituteofTechnologyinTerreHaute,Indiana,June16throughJuly26,2024(罗斯项目将有两个地点：※在俄亥俄州哥伦布市的奥特拜因大学。2024年6月9日到7月19日，※2024年6月16日至7月26日，在印第安纳州特雷霍特的罗斯-霍尔曼理工学院)”可知，这个项目持续大约六周。故选D。23．细节理解题。根据Applying中的“Admissiondecisionsarebasedonschoolperformance,teacherrecommendations,essaysabouttheapplicant’sinterestsandgoals,andtheapplicant’sworkonsomechallengingmathproblems.(录取决定是基于学校表现，老师推荐、关于申请人兴趣和目标的论文，以及申请人在一些具有挑战性的数学问题上的工作。)”可知，老师推荐的学生最有可能被这个项目录取。故选B。BOneSaturdaylastNovember,Isteppedintomylocallibrary.IwasabouttoreadabookwhenIheardanelderlymanspeaktoalady.“Thislibrarywillsoonbecomeacafe.Everyoneisreadingwithelectronicdevices,”hesaid.Hearingthis,Iwantedtoshout,“Istillreadlibrarybooks!”ButmywordsstuckinmythroatandIfoundteenagersaroundmeweretalkingtofriendsorstaringattheirphones.Readingonlinefeelsrobotictome.It’slikeIstareatascreenandclick“next”forthefollowingpagetoappearuntiltheveryendofthee-book,andattheendofallofthat,Ijustthink,“That’sit?”ButwhenIreadaprintedbook,it’slikeI’mholdingontothecharacters.Icanimaginetheplotbetter,asIcanpicturethescenesofeachmomentinmyheadwithmoreaccuracyandimagination.Besides,someonlinebooksmisscomponentsthatareintheprintednovels.Forinstance,thephysicalcopyofafantasynovelIhavereadcontainsamap,butthee-bookversiondoesnot.Thatisaninjusticetoe-bookusers;afterreadingandunderstandingthemap,thestorymadealotmoresenseforme,intermsofthesettingandplot.Andpersonally,physicallyturningtothenextpageisbetterthanclicking“next”.Whenreadingonline,IsometimesworrythatIclick“next”tooquickly.Itfeelsmorelikearace;Iwanttofinishitbecausethepagesjustkeepmakingthat“flipping”soundandIwonderhowlongthebookreallyis.Someprintedbookshaveaspecialsmellthatmakesthenovelfeelspecialtome.It’shardtodescribebutI’msureI’mnottheonlyonethatthinksso.IknowIcannotconvinceeveryteentoswitchfromthedigitalbooktotheprintedone,butmaybemywritingaboutthedifferencewillatleastgetsomeofthemtothinkaboutit.24．Whywillthelibrarybereplacedbyacafe?A．Fewpeopleheadforit. B．Itlacksgoodmanagement.C．Fewpeoplereaditsbooks. D．Itholdslittleattractionfortheyouth.25．Whydoestheauthorpreferprintedbooksaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Theyincludeadditionalcontents. B．Theyprovideastrongconnectiontothecharacters.C．Theyhaveaspecialpleasantsmell. D．Theycanimprovereaders’imagination.26．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?A．Toinspireteenagers’interestinreading. B．Toshowadvantagesofprintedbooks.C．Toreducetheimpactofelectronicdevices. D．Toencourageteenstochangethereadingmedium.【答案】24．C25．B26．D【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的亲身感受，比较了电子书和纸质书的不同，展现了纸质书的优势，引导青少年阅读纸质书。24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Everyoneisreadingwithelectronicdevices(每个人都在用电子设备阅读)”以及“ButmywordsstuckinmythroatandIfoundteenagersaroundmeweretalkingtofriendsorstaringattheirphones.(但我的话哽在喉咙里，我发现我周围的青少年正在和朋友聊天或盯着他们的手机看)”可知，图书馆要被咖啡厅取代是因为很少有人读图书馆的书。故选C项。25．细节理解题。根据第二段“ButwhenIreadaprintedbook,it’slikeI’mholdingontothecharacters.Icanimaginetheplotbetter,asIcanpicturethescenesofeachmomentinmyheadwithmoreaccuracyandimagination.(但当我读纸质书的时候，就好像我紧紧抓住了书中的人物。我可以更好地想象情节，因为我可以更准确、更有想象力地在脑海中描绘每一刻的场景)”可知，作者更喜欢印刷书籍是因为他们给人留下鲜活的印象。故选B项。26．推理判断题。根据最后一段“IknowIcannotconvinceeveryteentoswitchfromthedigitalbooktotheprintedone,butmaybemywritingaboutthedifferencewillatleastgetsomeofthemtothinkaboutit.(我知道我无法说服每一个青少年从电子书转向纸质书，但也许我写的关于区别的文章至少会让他们中的一些人思考这个问题)”可推知，作者写作的目的是鼓励青少年改变阅读媒介。故选D项。CWe’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatalongwiththerapiddevelopmentofsociety,weallfocusonourphoneanddesktop,andthereforeitresultsinourcompromisedconversationalintelligence.However,it’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforsmallconversation.“Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,”saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.”Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteractionwithitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.”Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compromised”inparagraph2mean?A．Weakened. B．Enhanced. C．Secret. D．Natural.28．WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A．Showinggoodmanners. B．Relatingtootherpeople.C．Focusingonatopic. D．Makingbusinessdeals.29．Whatcanwelearnaboutsmalltalkfromthecoffeeshopstudy?A．Itmadethecoffeetastebetter. B．Itreducedwaitingtimeinline.C．Itimprovedpeople’smoodandexperience. D．Ithelpedthembondwiththeserverdeeply.30．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Elevatormanners. B．Theimportanceofsmalltalk.C．Smartphonesandsocialmedia. D．Developingdeeprelationships.【答案】27．A28．B29．C30．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了闲聊给人们生活带来的积极影响和重要意义。27．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatalongwiththerapiddevelopmentofsociety,weallfocusonourphoneanddesktop,andthereforeitresultsinourcompromisedconversationalintelligence.However,it’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.(有什么问题吗？有可能随着社会的快速发展，我们都把注意力集中在手机和电脑上，因此导致我们的谈话能力……。然而，更有可能的是，我们都不交谈了，因为这很尴尬，很有挑战性，或者我们认为这很烦人，没有必要。)”可知，人们的注意力集中在自己的手机和电脑上，不愿意与他人交流，因此可推知人们的谈话能力会有所“减弱”。由此可知，画线词与A项意思相近。故选A。28．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.(成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人建立联系，而不仅仅是与他们交流。)”可知，成功闲聊的关键在于如何与他人建立联系，而不是仅仅和他们交流。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.(结果显示，那些与服务员聊天的人表现出明显更高的积极情绪和更好的咖啡馆体验。)”可知，闲聊能够有效地提升人们的情绪和咖啡馆体验感。故选C。30．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，根据第二段的“Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.(但下次当你发现自己身处陌生人之中时，考虑一下，闲聊是值得的。专家表示，这是一种宝贵的社会实践，会带来很大的好处。)”和第四段的“Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.(结果显示，那些与服务员聊天的人表现出明显更高的积极情绪和更好的咖啡馆体验。)”以及最后一段的“Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.(邓恩认为，与陌生人接触的人会有更强烈的归属感，与他人建立联系。卡杜奇认为，培养这种归属感始于闲聊。“闲聊是良好举止的基础，”他说。)”可知，本文主要介绍了闲聊给人们生活带来的积极影响，即闲聊的重要性。故选B。DIftherewasanappclaimingtoimproveyourmemory,wouldyoubewillingtotryit?It’shardtoresisttheideaofhavingabettermemory.Inresponsetothisperceivedneed,thebraintrainingindustryhasgrownrapidly,offeringawiderangeofaccessibleandaffordablementalexercisesthroughsmartphoneandtabletapps.Manyresearchershavefoundevidencesuggestingthatwell-designedexercisescanimprovementalabilitiesandleadtobetterscoresonIQtests.Theycomparethebraintomuscles,suggestingthattargetedrepetitionofmemoryexercisescanstrengthenandconditionourmemoryprocesses,similartohowathletesengageinstrengthandconditioningbyrepeatedlyexercisingspecificmusclegroups.Incontrasttoeverydayactivitieslikesolvingacomplexpuzzle,memorytrainingappsarespecificallydesignedtoprovideamorechallengingworkoutforthebrain.Theseappstypicallyinvolvetasksthatrequiretrackingalargenumberofobjectswhilebeingdistracted(使分心)byasecondarytask,suchasmentalcalculationsorexploringagame’slandscape.Ifthisbraintrainingproveseffective,itcouldbebeneficialforindividualswithbrain-relateddisabilitiesorthoserecoveringfromconditionslikecancer.Critics,though,arguethatwhiletheconceptisappealing,theoverallevidencefailstodemonstratesignificantimprovementincorebrainprocesses.Additionally,despitetheclaimsmadebymanyappsandbraintrainingcompanies,scientistshaveyettoidentifythekeyfactorsthatmakeaninterventiontrulyeffectiveordeterminethebestapproachestoaddressthediverseneedsofindividualsseekinghelp.Whilethequestionisstillopentodebate,thereisevidencesuggestingthatshort-termworkingmemorytrainingcanbenefithigh-functioningindividuals.However,it’simportanttonotethatbraintraining,likedietandexercise,isunlikelytohaveidenticaleffectsoneveryindividual.31．Inwhatwayisthebrainsimilartomusclesaccordingtomanyresearchers?A．Intestingresults. B．Inworkprocesses.C．Inbodilyfunctions. D．Intrainingmethods.32．Whatisthemainfeatureofthetypicaltasksinmemorytrainingapps?A．Simple. B．Effective.C．Demanding. D．Interesting.33．Whatdocriticsthinkmemorytrainingappslack?A．Legalclaims. B．Proveneffects.C．Tailoredservices. D．Appealingconcepts34．Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．CanOurMemorybeImproved?B．DoesBrainTrainingActuallyWork?C．WhathaveScientistsFoundaboutMemory?D．WhatdoestheBrainTrainingIndustryBring?【答案】31．D32．C33．B34．B【导语】本文是议论文，文章对经过良好设计的大脑练习能够改善记忆力的有效性进行讨论。31．细节理解题。根据第二段“Theycomparethebraintomuscles,suggestingthattargetedrepetitionofmemoryexercisescanstrengthenandconditionourmemoryprocesses,similartohowathletesengageinstrengthandconditioningbyrepeatedlyexercisingspecificmusclegroups.”（他们将大脑与肌肉进行比较，表明有针对性的重复记忆练习可以加强和调节我们的记忆过程，类似于运动员通过反复锻炼特定肌肉群来增强力量和调节能力）可知，许多研究者认为大脑类似于肌肉，也可以通过重复的练习来得到加强和调节，即训练方法相似，故选D。32．细节理解题。根据第三段“Incontrasttoeverydayactivitieslikesolvingacomplexpuzzle,memorytrainingappsarespecificallydesignedtoprovideamorechallengingworkoutforthebrain.Theseappstypicallyinvolvetasksthatrequiretrackingalargenumberofobjectswhilebeingdistractedbyasecondarytask,suchasmentalcalculationsorexploringagame’slandscape.”（与解决复杂谜题等日常活动不同，记忆训练应用程序是专门为大脑提供更具挑战性的锻炼而设计的。这些应用通常涉及需要跟踪大量对象的任务，同时被次要任务分散注意力，例如心算或探索游戏景观。）可知，记忆训练应用程序中典型任务的主要特点是具有挑战性，非常苛刻，故选C。33．细节理解题。根据第四段“Critics,though,arguethatwhiletheconceptisappealing,theoverallevidencefailstodemonstratesignificantimprovementincorebrainprocesses.”（然而，批评者认为，尽管这个概念很吸引人，但总体证据未能证明大脑核心过程有显著改善。”）可知，批评者认为记忆训练应用程序缺乏经过证实的效果，故选B。34．主旨大意题。通过全文可知，文章的话题是通过手机应用程序进行大脑训练可以提高记忆力，但批评者对这些应用程序的有效性表示怀疑。虽然证据显示短期记忆训练对高功能人群有益，但大脑训练并不是对每个人都有效，故B“大脑训练真的有效吗”契合文章主旨，最适合作为标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。We’veallbeenthere—you’vesentamessageandit’smarked“read”,butyouhaven’theardanythingback.What’sthedeal?Whilebeingleftonread(已读不回)canbeconfusing,it’salsoprettycommon.35Hereareafewtips.Expectthebest.Remindyourselfthatthepersonisprobablyjustbusy.Askyourselfifyouactuallyknowtheirschedule.Therecouldbesometimecommitmentsyouaren’tawareof.Hereareafewotherreasonsforadelayedresponse.36Theyputtheirphoneawaytofocusonworkorschool.Theyaccidentallyforgottoreply.Maybetheythoughtaboutwhattheywantedtosaybutdidn’tactuallytextit.Resistthetemptation(诱惑)todouble-text.37Ifyousendalotoffollow-uptexts,it’llbehardforthemtokeepupandtheymightgetstressed.Leavethemwithjustonetexttocatchupon—theotherpersonwillprobablyappreciateyourpatience.Readoveryourpreviousmessages.Seeifthereareanyconfusingtextsthatyouneedtoclarify.It’sokayifyoureviewyourmessageagainandnoticethatitmighthavebeenalittleunclear—ithappens!3839Keepitoutofsightandgetsomepeaceofmind.Don’tletitupsetorconfuseyou.Ifyougetyourmindoffanynotifications,you’llbeabletobrainstormnewwaystospendyourtime.A．Putyourphoneaway.B．Fixyourattentioncloselyontextresponses.C．Givethemalittlespacesotheyhaveachancetoreply.D．Theywanttogiveyoualongerresponsebutcan’trightnow.E．Askyourselfwhybeinglefton“read”frustratesorconfusesyou.F．Youcankeepthesituationfrombotheringyouuntilyouhearback.G．Youmightfeelrelievedwhenyoufindsomethingthatiseasytomisread.【答案】35．F36．D37．C38．G39．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当别人阅读你的信息后，不回复你时，要学会心平气和的面对，不要让社交软件影响到你的生活。35．根据后文“Hereareafewtips.(这里有一些建议)”以及前文“it’salsoprettycommon.(这种情况很常见）”可知，空处应该是承上启下说明可以应用这些建议避免被影响，所以F项“Youcankeepthesituationfrombotheringyouuntilyouhearback.(你可以避免这种情况困扰你)”符合文意。故选F项。36．根据上文“Hereareafewotherreasonsforadelayedresponse.(以下是延迟响应的其他一些原因。)”以及下文“Theyputtheirphoneawaytofocusonworkorschool.Theyaccidentallyforgottoreply.Maybetheythoughtaboutwhattheywantedtosaybutdidn’tactuallytextit.(他们把手机收起来，专注于工作或学习。他们不小心忘了回复。也许他们想到了他们想说什么，但实际上并没有发短信。)”可知，空处是延迟响应的可能原因，与D项“Theywanttogiveyoualongerresponsebutcan’trightnow.(他们想给你更长的回复，但现在不能)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选D项。37．根据前文“Resistthetemptationtodouble-text.(不要信息轰炸对方)”以及后文“Ifyousendalotoffollow-uptexts,it’llbehardforthemtokeepupandtheymightgetstressed.Leavethemwithjustonetexttocatchupon—theotherpersonwillprobablyappreciateyourpatience.(如果你发了很多后续短信，他们很难跟上，他们可能会感到压力。只给他们留一条信息，让他们跟上进度——对方可能会感激你的耐心)”可知，本段讲述不要一直给对方发信息，要给对方一些时间，让他们跟上你的信息，所以C项“Givethemalittlespacesotheyhaveachancetoreply.(给他们一点空间，让他们有机会回答)”符合文意。故选C项。38．根据段首句“Readoveryourpreviousmessages.(阅读你之前的信息)”，及上文“Seeifthereareanyconfusingtextsthatyouneedtoclarify.It’sokayifyoureviewyourmessageagainandnoticethatitmighthavebeenalittleunclear—ithappens!(看看是否有什么令人困惑的文本需要澄清。如果你再次查看你的信息，并注意到它可能有点不清楚，这是没有关系的——这种情况发生了!)可知，再次查看信息可能会发现一些被误读的东西，与G项“Youmightfeelrelievedwhenyoufindsomethingthatiseasytomisread.(可能会感到宽慰，当你发现了一些容易被误读的东西)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选G项。39．根据下句“Keepitoutofsightandgetsomepeaceofmind.(把它放在你看不到的地方，让你的内心平静下来)”以及后文“Don’tletitupsetorconfuseyou.Ifyougetyourmindoffanynotifications,you’llbeabletobrainstormnewwaystospendyourtime.(不要让它困扰或迷惑你。如果你不去想任何通知，你就能头脑风暴出新的打发时间的方法)”可知，本段主题是把手机放到一边，眼不见，心不烦。与其纠结为什么会被“已读不回”，不如放下手机，做些更有意义的事。所以A项“Putyourphoneaway.(把手机收起来)”起到概括作用，符合文意。故选A项。第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。Gesturesrefertothecommunicationwherevisiblebodi