专题0非限制性定语从句复习（寒假复习讲义）

专题01非限制性定语从句复习（寒假复习讲义）内容导航考点聚焦：归纳核心考点&高考考点，有的放矢重点速记：重难点梳理，查漏补缺，即时巩固复习提升：真题感知&综合提升专练，全面突破非限制性定语从句是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要用于对先行词或整个主句进行补充说明，与限制性定语从句在结构、用法上差异显著。考点一考点一核心定义与基本特征1.语义作用：仅对先行词（人、物、时间、地点）或整个主句进行补充说明，去掉从句后，主句语义依然完整；而限制性定语从句是对先行词的限定修饰，去掉后语义不明确。2.形式特征：必须用逗号将从句与主句隔开；关系词不能用that，且无论作何成分，关系词不可省略（这是与限制性定语从句的关键区别）。例：Myhometown,whichisinthesouthofChina,isverybeautiful.（去掉从句，“Myhometownisverybeautiful”语义完整）1.Mybestfriend,______isadoctor,willetoseemetomorrow.2.Shanghai,______Ivisitedlastyear,isoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.3.Thenovel,______waswrittenbyMoYan,hasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.4.Shewaslateforclass,______madeherteacherveryangry.5.WewillflytoBeijingnextweek,______theOlympicGameswereheldin2008.6.Hisfather,______helovesdeeply,isafamousscientist.7.Spring,______bringsnewlifetotheearth,ismyfavoriteseason.8.Hesaidhehadneverseenherbefore,______wasnottrue.答案：1.答案：which/who解析：先行词是Mybestfriend（人），非限制性定语从句中作主语，关系词不能用that，可用who或which（先行词指人时，非限制性定语从句中也可用which表整体）。2.答案：which解析：先行词是Shanghai（物），非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，关系词不能用that，用which且不可省略。3.答案：which解析：先行词是Thenovel（物），非限制性定语从句中作主语，关系词用which，不能用that且不可省略。4.答案：which解析：先行词是前面整个主句“Shewaslateforclass”，非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which引导，不能用that。5.答案：where解析：先行词是Beijing（地点），非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where（相当于inwhich）。6.答案：whom/who解析：先行词是Hisfather（人），非限制性定语从句中作loves的宾语，可用whom（正式）或who，不能用that。7.答案：which解析：先行词是Spring（物），非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which引导，不能用that且不可省略。8.答案：which解析：先行词是前面整个主句“Hesaidhehadneverseenherbefore”，非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which引导，不能用that。考点考点二关系词的选用1.关系代词非限制性定语从句的关系代词需根据先行词类型和在从句中的成分选择，禁用that：•who/whom：指代人，who作主语，whom作宾语（可置于介词后）。例：LiMing,whoismyclassmate,wonthemathpetition.（who作主语）例：Mr.Wang,withwhomItalkedyesterday,isateacher.（whom作介词with的宾语）•which：指代物或整个主句（放主句后），可作主语或宾语。例：Theputer,whichIboughtlastyear,workswell.（which指代物，作宾语）例：Hefailedtheexam,whichmadehisparentsangry.（which指代整个主句，作主语）•whose：指代人或物，作定语表所属，可转换为“ofwhich/whom”结构。例：Thegirl,whosehairisblack,ismysister.（whose指代人，作定语）例：Thehouse,whosewindowsarebroken,isold.（可转换为：Thehouse,thewindowsofwhicharebroken,isold.）•as：指代整个主句，意为“正如”，可置于句首或句中，常见固定搭配如asweknow/asisreported。例：Asweallknow,theearthisround.（as放句首，指代主句内容）2.关系副词仅用when（指时间）、where（指地点），不用why（先行词为reason时，非限制性定语从句需用forwhich替代why）：•先行词表时间/地点，且从句缺状语时，用when/where。例：WewenttoLondonlastmonth,whenwevisitedBigBen.（when指代lastmonth，作时间状语）例：ShelivesinBeijing,wheresheworksasadoctor.（where指代Beijing，作地点状语）1.Mygrandmother,______isaretiredteacher,oftentellsmestoriesaboutherschoolday2.Thenewlibrary,______wevisitedlastweekend,hasalargecollectionofEnglishbooks.3.Shewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest,______madeherparentsveryproud.4.Thelittleboy,______motherisanurse,hasbeenlivingwithhisgrandparentssincelastyear.5.______isknowntoall,theGreatWallisoneofthesevenwondersoftheworld.6.Wewillgotothecountrysidenextweek,______theairisfreshandthepeoplearefriendly.7.Thereason,______heexplainedinhisreport,wasthat复therewasaproblemwiththesupplychain.8.Istillremembertheday,______wemetforthefirsttimeatthesummercamp.答案：1.who解析：先行词是Mygrandmother（指人），关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，非限制性定语从句禁用that，故填who。2.which解析：先行词是Thenewlibrary（指物），关系词在从句中作visited的宾语，非限制性定语从句禁用that，故填which。3.which解析：关系词指代前面整个主句“Shewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest”这件事，在从句中作主语，故填which。4.whose解析：先行词是Thelittleboy（指人），关系词在从句中作定语，表“小男孩的妈妈”，故填whose，也可转换为themotherofwhom。5.As解析：这是固定搭配asisknowntoall（众所周知），as指代后面整个主句内容，可置于句首，故填As。6.where解析：先行词是thecountryside（表地点），关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。7.which解析：先行词是Thereason，关系词在从句中作explained的宾语，非限制性定语从句不能用why，故填which。8.when解析：先行词是theday（表时间），关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。考点考点三特殊结构用法1.介词+关系代词：介词的选择取决于从句中动词的固定搭配或先行词的搭配，代词人用whom、物用which，不可用that。例：Thereare50studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.（mostof与先行词50students搭配）例：Thebook,aboutwhichwetalkedyesterday,isverypopular.（talkabout为固定搭配）2.as引导的固定句式：as用于非限制性定语从句时，常构成asweknow/asisoftenthecase等固定表达，表“正如”。例：Asisreported,thecitywillbuildanewsubwayline.3.部分+of+which/whom：表示“……中的一部分”，用于限定先行词的范围。例：Ihavemanybooks,someofwhichareEnglishnovels.1.Thegroupconsistsof20members,allof______arevolunteersfromlocalschools.2.Asweallknow,theInternetisatool______whichwecangainalotofinformation.3.Thereare100paintingsintheexhibition,someof______areworthmillionsofdollars.4.______isoftenthecase,wehavetoadjustourplansaccordingto最新的news.5.Theprofessor______whomwesenttheinvitationyesterdayisafamouslinguist.6.Shehascollectedmanyoldstamps,mostof______datebacktothe19thcentury.7.______isreportedinthenewspaper,thenewhighspeedtrainwillstartoperatingnextmonth.8.Thisisthepany______whichmyfatherhasworkedforover10years.答案：1.whom解析：先行词是20members（指人），且位于介词of后，需用关系代词whom，构成“部分+of+whom”结构，表“20名成员中的所有人”。2.from解析：定语从句的完整表达是wecangainalotofinformationfromthetool，gainsthfromsth是固定搭配，因此介词用from。3.which解析：先行词是100paintings（指物），介词of后需用关系代词which，属于“部分+of+which”结构，表“展览中的部分画作”。4.As解析：这是asisoftenthecase的固定句式，as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如通常情况那样”，注意首字母大写。5.to解析：定语从句还原为wesenttheinvitationtotheprofessoryesterday，sendaninvitationtosb是固定搭配，故介词用to。6.which解析：先行词是oldstamps（指物），介词of后用关系代词which，“mostofwhich”指代“大部分邮票”，符合“部分+of+which”结构。7.Asreported...reported...的固定表达，as引导非限制性定语从句，表“正如报纸上所报道的”，首字母需大写。8.in解析：定语从句的完整形式是myfatherhasworkedinthepanyforover10years，workinapany是固定搭配，因此介词用in。考点考点四与限制性定语从句的区分1.标点：非限制性定语从句有逗号分隔，限制性定语从句无逗号。2.语义：非限制性是补充说明，限制性是限定修饰。例：（限制性）Theboywhowearsahatismybrother.（限定“戴帽子的男孩”，而非其他男孩）例：（非限制性）Theboy,whowearsahat,ismybrother.（补充说明男孩戴帽子，去掉从句仍明确指“这个男孩”）3.关系词：非限制性禁用that、关系词不可省略；限制性可用that，宾语位置的关系词可省略。1.Thebook,______Iboughtyesterday,isveryinteresting.2.Thisisthefactory______wevisitedlastweek.3.Mymother,______cookingisamazing,willpreparedinnerforus.4.Those______wanttogototheconcertmustsignupfirst.5.Theoldhouse,______roofwasdamagedinthestorm,willberepairedsoon.6.Doyouknowthegirl______istalkingtoourteacher?7.Hefailedintheexam,______madehisparentsveryangry.8.Thereason______hegaveforbeinglatewasareatrafficareatrafficareatraffic答案：1.which解析：逗号分隔，属于非限制性定语从句，先行词thebook指物，非限制性定语从句禁用that，故填which。2.that/which/不填解析：无逗号，是限制性定语从句，先行词thefactory指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，可用that/which，也可省略。3.whose解析：逗号分隔，为非限制性定语从句，先行词mymother与cooking构成所属关系，故填whose，非限制性定语从句中whose的用法和限制性一致。4.who解析：无逗号，是限制性定语从句，先行词those指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。5.whose解析：逗号分隔，属于非限制性定语从句，先行词theoldhouse与roof是所属关系，填whose，此处不能用ofwhich的变体（句式不匹配）。6.who/that解析：无逗号，为限制性定语从句，先行词thegirl指人，关系词在从句中作主语，可用who或that。7.which解析：逗号分隔，是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整句话“Hefailedintheexam”的内容，只能用which，禁用that。8.that/which/不填解析：无逗号，属于限制性定语从句，先行词thereason在从句中作gave的宾语，可用that/which，也可省略；注意：若先行词reason在从句中作状语，才用why。考点考点五高考高频易错点突破1.误用that：非限制性定语从句中绝不能用that指代人/物，需替换为who/which。错误：Mycat,thatiswhite,likesfish.正确：Mycat,whichiswhite,likesfish.2.混淆which与as：which指代整个主句时只能放句后，as可放句首且表“正如”；固定搭配中需用as（如asweknow）。3.whose与ofwhich/whom转换错误：whose表所属时，需注意先行词是人用ofwhom，是物用ofwhich。例：Thegirl,whosemotherisanurse,ismyfriend.=Thegirl,themotherofwhomisanurse,ismyfriend.4.介词搭配错误：介词需根据从句动词的固定搭配确定，如dependon→onwhich，talkabout→aboutwhich。1.Thebook,______Iboughtyesterday,isverypopularamongstudents.2.______isknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.3.Thehouse,thewindows______facesouth,isourclassroom.4.Hetalkedaboutahero______namehehadheardmanytimes.5.Thereason,______heexplainedinanextraexplanation,wasnotclear.6.Wehaveenteredanage______manythingsaredonebysmartphones.7.Theman,______esfromJapan,willgiveusalectureonculture.8.Shehasagoodmemory,______helpsherrememberalltheaddresseseasily.答案：1.which解析：先行词为thebook（物），本句是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中不能用that，故用which引导，指代先行词并在从句中作宾语。2.As解析：本句是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句内容，且as引导此类从句可置于句首，表“正如”，符合固定用法asisknowntoall（众所周知）。若用which则不能放句首。3.ofwhich解析：先行词thehouse是物，从句表达“房子的窗户朝南”，所属关系可转换为whosewindows=thewindowsofwhich，故填ofwhich。4.whose解析：先行词为ahero（人），从句中name与先行词构成所属关系，whose可直接修饰名词，表“……的”，此处等同于thenameofwhom。5.which解析：先行词为thereason，非限制性定语从句中不能用that；从句中explained后缺宾语，故用which引导，指代先行词thereason。6.inwhich解析：先行词为anage（时代），从句完整表达为manythingsaredonebysmartphonesintheage，介词in来自先行词与从句的搭配，故用inwhich（相当于when）。7.who解析：先行词为theman（人），非限制性定语从句中不能用that，从句缺主语，故用who引导。8.which解析：先行词为前面整个主句Shehasagoodmemory，which引导非限制性定语从句可指代整个主句内容，且只能置于句后，在从句中作主语。真题感知1.（2025·全国I卷·语法填空）AnexhibitionattheJiushiArtMuseuminShanghaiisfeaturingartworkinspiredbyGo,orweiqiinChinese,66______originatedinChinamorethan4,000yearsago.答案：which解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词Go（围棋）指物；从句缺主语，that不能用于非限制性定语从句，故填which。2.（2025·全国II卷·语法填空）ThedocumentaryfocusesonthecountrysideofZhejiang,China,67______manyancientvillageshavekepttheirtraditionallifestyles.答案：where解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词Zhejiang指地点；从句缺地点状语，用关系副词where，相当于inwhich。3.（2025·新高考I卷·语法填空）Touristsleftover1.3billiontonsoffoodwastelastyear,68______accountedforabout8%ofthetotalglobalgasreleasein2024.答案：which解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词1.3billiontonsoffoodwaste指物；从句缺主语，用which，that不可用于此类从句。4.（2025·新高考II卷·语法填空）Sheplanstopromotelessformalclothing,69______shepackagesas“capsulewardrobes”forbusyofficeworkers.答案：which解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词lessformalclothing指物；从句缺package的宾语，用which，that不可用于非限制性定语从句。5.（2025·北京卷·语法填空）Myfriend,70______isafamousarchitect,designedthenewlibraryinourcitycenter.答案：who解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词Myfriend指人；从句缺主语，用who，that不可用于非限制性定语从句。6.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）ChineseculturalelementsmemoratingTangXianzu,65______isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratforduponAvon.答案：who解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词TangXianzu指人；从句缺主语，用who，that不可用于非限制性定语从句。7.（2024·浙江卷·语法填空）Thenovel,45______waspublishedlastmonth,haswonwidespreadpraisefromreadersandcritics.答案：which解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词Thenovel指物；从句缺主语，用which，that不可用于非限制性定语从句。8.（2024·北京卷·语法填空）Thenewshoppingmall,56______coversanareaof100,000squaremeters,openedtothepubliclastweek.答案：which解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词Thenewshoppingmall指物；从句缺主语，用which，that不可用于非限制性定语从句。9.（2024·天津卷·语法填空）Dr.Smith,78______researchfocusesonenvironmentalprotection,willgivealectureinourschoolnextweek.答案：whose解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词Dr.Smith指人；从句中research缺定语，用whose表“……的”，引导词在从句中作定语。10.（2024·江苏卷·语法填空）Wevisitedthefactory,32______productsareexportedtomorethan50countriesaroundtheworld.答案：whose解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词thefactory指物；从句中products缺定语，用whose表“工厂的”，引导词在从句中作定语。综合提升练一、单项选择（10题）1.Hermother,______isadoctor,alwaysencourageshertostudymedicine.（who/whom/which）答案：who解析：先行词为Hermother（人），在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用who；whom作宾语，which指物，均不符合。2.Thebook,______coverisblue,waswrittenbyafamouswriter.（whose/which/that）答案：whose解析：先行词thebook与cover构成所属关系，用whose作定语；非限制性定语从句不可用that，which无法表所属，故排除。3.HewenttoParis,______hemethiswifeforthefirsttime.（where/when/why）答案：where解析：先行词Paris表地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。4.Shewonthepetition,______madeherparentsveryproud.（which/as/that）答案：which解析：which指代前文整个句子的内容，在非限制性定语从句中作主语；非限制性定语从句不可用that，as虽可指代整句但多表“正如”，此处无此含义。5.Wealllikethemovie,______wehaveseentwice.（which/what/who）答案：which解析：先行词themovie（物）在从句中作seen的宾语，非限制性定语从句用which；what不能引导定语从句，who指人，排除。6.Tom,with______Iplayedtennisyesterday,isagoodfriendofmine.（whom/who/that）答案：whom解析：介词with后接宾格，先行词Tom（人）作with的宾语，用whom；非限制性定语从句不可用that，who作主语，排除。7.Thesummerholiday,______wetraveledtoBeijing,wasveryenjoyable.（when/where/which）答案：when解析：先行词Thesummerholiday表时间，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。8.______weallknow,theearthgoesaroundthesun.（As/Which/That）答案：As解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，表“正如”，可置于句首；which引导此类从句需在句中，that不可用于非限制性定语从句。9.Thereare30studentsintheclass,mostof______areboys.（whom/which/them）答案：whom解析：先行词30students（人），mostof后接宾格whom；which指物，them不能引导定语从句，排除。10.Thereason,______heexplainedatthemeeting,wasnotconvincing.（which/why/that）答案：which解析：先行词Thereason在从句中作explained的宾语，用which；why作状语，非限制性定语从句不可用that，排除。二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（10题）1.Mysister,______(work)inahospital,isanurse.答案：whoworks解析：先行词Mysister（人）作主语，用who，从句用一般现在时，谓语为works。2.Thepark,______(we)oftengotoonweekends,isverybeautiful.答案：whichwe解析：先行词Thepark（物）作goto的宾语，非限制性定语从句用which，we为主语保留。3.Thisisthepen,______(with)Iwrotetheletter.答案：withwhich解析：先行词thepen作with的宾语，介词with前置，用withwhich。4.Mr.Li,______(son)isateacher,isourneighbor.答案：whose解析：先行词Mr.Li与son构成所属关系，用whose作定语。5.Sheboughtanewdress,______(make)herlookmorebeautiful.答案：whichmakes解析：which指代前文内容作主语，从句用一般现在时，谓语为makes。6.Thecity,______(I)wasborn,isinthesouthofChina.答案：whereI解析：先行词Thecity表地点，用where作状语，I为主语保留。7.As______(know)toall,waterisimportantforlife.答案：isknown解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，与know构成被动关系，用isknown（asisknowntoall为固定搭配）。8.Wevisitedthefarm,______(they)growalotofvegetables.答案：wherethey解析：先行词thefarm表地点，用where作状语，they为主语保留。9.Thelittleboy,______(lose)hisway,wascryinginthestreet.答案：wholost解析：先行词Thelittleboy（人）作主语，用who，从句用一般过去时，谓语为lost。10.Therearemanybooksinthelibrary,someof______(be)abouthistory.答案：whichare解析：先行词manybooks（物），someof后接which，从句谓语用are。三、语法选择（10题）1.Ilovethecity,______Ispentmychildhood.A.thatB.whereC.which答案：B解析：先行词thecity表地点，在从句中作地点状语，用where；非限制性定语从句不可用that，which作主语/宾语，排除。2.Myfather,______isaworker,oftentellsmetoworkhard.A.whoB.whomC.whose答案：A解析：先行词Myfather（人）在从句中作主语，用who；whom作宾语，whose表所属，排除。3.Thefilm,______Isawlastnight,isverymoving.A.asB.thatC.which答案：C解析：先行词Thefilm（物）在从句中作saw的宾语，非限制性定语从句用which；that不可用于非限制性定语从句，as表“正如”，排除。4.______isreportedinthenewspaper,thefirewasputoutquickly.A.ThatB.AsC.Which答案：B解析：as引导非限制性定语从句表“正如”，可置于句首；that不可用于非限制性定语从句，which需在句中，排除。5.Shehasabrother,______nameIcan’tremember.A.whoseB.whoC.whom答案：A解析：先行词abrother与name构成所属关系，用whose作定语；who作主语，whom作宾语，排除。6.Wewenttothemuseum,______wesawmanyoldthings.A.whenB.whereC.why答案：B解析：先行词themuseum表地点，在从句中作地点状语，用where；when表时间，why表原因，排除。7.Hegavemeagift,______Ilikedverymuch.A.whichB.whatC.it答案：A解析：先行词agift（物）在从句中作liked的宾语，非限制性定语从句用which；what不能引导定语从句，it不能作关系词，排除。8.Thereare50studentsinourclass,noneof______islatetoday.A.themB.whomC.which答案：B解析：先行词50students（人），noneof后接宾格whom；them不能引导定语从句，which指物，排除。9.