2025年美学考研真题英语及答案

2025年美学考研真题英语及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Theterm"aesthetics"isprimarilyderivedfromwhichancientGreekword?A.PhronesisB.ErgonC.AisthesisD.TechneAnswer:C.Aisthesis2.AccordingtoImmanuelKant,whatistheprimaryfunctionofaestheticjudgment?A.ToprovidemoralguidanceB.ToofferpracticaladviceC.TodeterminethebeautyofanobjectD.ToexplainthepurposeofartAnswer:C.Todeterminethebeautyofanobject3.WhichofthefollowingisakeyconceptinArthurSchopenhauer'stheoryofaesthetics?A.ThesublimeB.ThebeautifulC.ThewillD.TheformAnswer:C.Thewill4.Thephrase"artforart'ssake"ismostcloselyassociatedwithwhichmovement?A.RomanticismB.RealismC.SymbolismD.ModernismAnswer:C.Symbolism5.Whichphilosopherarguedthatbeautyisapropertyoftheobjectitself,notdependentontheviewer'sperception?A.DavidHumeB.JohnKeatsC.GeorgeBerkeleyD.PlatoAnswer:D.Plato6.Theconceptof"theuncanny"wasmostnotablyexploredbywhichpsychologist?A.SigmundFreudB.CarlJungC.AlfredAdlerD.ErikEriksonAnswer:A.SigmundFreud7.Whichcriticisknownforhistheoryof"usefulbeauty,"emphasizingthepracticalaspectsofdesign?A.WilliamMorrisB.ClementGreenbergC.TheodorAdornoD.JohnRuskinAnswer:A.WilliamMorris8.Theideathatartcantranscenditsformandtouchtheviewer'ssoulismostcloselyassociatedwithwhichcritic?A.RogerFryB.CliveBellC.T.S.EliotD.WalterBenjaminAnswer:B.CliveBell9.Theterm"ästhetik"wasfirstusedbywhichphilosophertodescribethetheoryofbeautyandtaste?A.ImmanuelKantB.AlexanderBaumgartenC.FriedrichSchillerD.JohannWolfgangvonGoetheAnswer:B.AlexanderBaumgarten10.Whichmovementischaracterizedbytherejectionoftraditionalartistictechniquesandtheembraceofspontaneityandimprovisation?A.ImpressionismB.ExpressionismC.SurrealismD.AbstractExpressionismAnswer:D.AbstractExpressionism二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.WhichofthefollowingarekeyelementsofImmanuelKant'stheoryofaestheticjudgment?A.DisinterestednessB.UniversalvalidityC.SubjectiveexperienceD.MoralworthAnswer:A,B,C2.AccordingtoArthurSchopenhauer,whatarethetwomainformsofthewill?A.ThewilltolifeB.ThewilltopowerC.ThewilltoknowledgeD.ThewilltobeautyAnswer:A,B3.Whichofthefollowingmovementsareassociatedwiththeconceptof"artforart'ssake"?A.RomanticismB.SymbolismC.RealismD.ModernismAnswer:B,D4.Theconceptof"thesublime"hasbeenexploredbywhichofthefollowingphilosophers?A.DavidHumeB.EdmundBurkeC.ImmanuelKantD.JohnKeatsAnswer:A,B,C5.WhichofthefollowingarekeyconceptsinSigmundFreud'stheoryoftheuncanny?A.TheFreudianslipB.TheOedipuscomplexC.TheuncannyvalleyD.ThereturnoftherepressedAnswer:B,D6.Thetheoryof"usefulbeauty"hasbeenadvocatedbywhichofthefollowingcritics?A.WilliamMorrisB.JohnRuskinC.ClementGreenbergD.TheodorAdornoAnswer:A,B7.Whichofthefollowingmovementsareassociatedwiththeideathatartcantranscenditsformandtouchtheviewer'ssoul?A.RomanticismB.SymbolismC.SurrealismD.AbstractExpressionismAnswer:A,B8.Theterm"ästhetik"wasfirstusedbywhichofthefollowingphilosopherstodescribethetheoryofbeautyandtaste?A.AlexanderBaumgartenB.ImmanuelKantC.FriedrichSchillerD.JohannWolfgangvonGoetheAnswer:A9.Whichofthefollowingmovementsarecharacterizedbytherejectionoftraditionalartistictechniquesandtheembraceofspontaneityandimprovisation?A.ImpressionismB.ExpressionismC.SurrealismD.AbstractExpressionismAnswer:B,C,D10.Whichofthefollowingarekeyelementsofthetheoryof"usefulbeauty"?A.PracticalityB.AestheticsC.FunctionalityD.BeautyAnswer:A,B,C三、判断题（每题2分，共10题）1.AccordingtoImmanuelKant,aestheticjudgmentissubjectiveandcannotbeuniversallyvalid.Answer:False2.ArthurSchopenhauerbelievedthatartcanprovideatemporaryescapefromthesufferingcausedbythewill.Answer:True3.Thephrase"artforart'ssake"waspopularizedduringtheRomanticperiod.Answer:False4.Theconceptof"thesublime"iscloselyrelatedtotheideaofthebeautiful.Answer:False5.SigmundFreud'stheoryoftheuncannyisprimarilyconcernedwiththepsychologicalaspectsofart.Answer:True6.WilliamMorrisadvocatedfortheideathatbeautyshouldbeintegratedintoeverydaylife.Answer:True7.ClementGreenberg'stheoryof"usefulbeauty"emphasizestheimportanceoftheartist'stechnique.Answer:False8.Theterm"ästhetik"wasfirstusedbyImmanuelKanttodescribethetheoryofbeautyandtaste.Answer:False9.AbstractExpressionismischaracterizedbytherejectionoftraditionalartistictechniquesandtheembraceofspontaneityandimprovisation.Answer:True10.Thetheoryof"usefulbeauty"wasmostnotablyexploredbyTheodorAdorno.Answer:False四、简答题（每题5分，共4题）1.DescribeImmanuelKant'stheoryofaestheticjudgment,includingtheconceptsofdisinterestednessanduniversalvalidity.Answer:ImmanuelKant'stheoryofaestheticjudgmentisbasedontheideathatjudgmentsofbeautyaresubjectivebutcanbeuniversallyvalid.Disinterestednessreferstotheideathatweshouldjudgebeautywithoutanypersonalinterestordesire.Universalvaliditymeansthatweshouldbelievethatotherscouldagreewithourjudgmentofbeauty.Kantarguesthataestheticjudgmentsarebasedontheagreeableformofanobject,whichpleasesthemindwithoutengagingtheunderstanding.2.ExplainArthurSchopenhauer'sconceptofthewillanditsrelationshiptoart.Answer:ArthurSchopenhauerbelievedthatthewillistheunderlyingdrivingforceoftheuniverse,ablind,strivingforcethatseekssatisfactionbutcanneverbefullyfulfilled.Hearguedthatartprovidesatemporaryescapefromthesufferingcausedbythewill.Byengagingwithart,individualscantemporarilyforgettheirdesiresandthepainassociatedwiththem,findingamomentofpeaceandtranquility.3.Discusstheconceptof"artforart'ssake"anditssignificanceinthehistoryofaesthetics.Answer:"Artforart'ssake"isaphrasethatemphasizestheideathatartshouldbeappreciatedforitsownsake,withoutanymoral,social,orpoliticalpurpose.ThisconceptwasmostnotablyassociatedwiththeSymbolistmovementinthelate19thcentury.Itrepresentedashiftawayfromtheideathatartshouldserveahigherpurposeandinsteadfocusedonthebeautyandformoftheartworkitself.Thismovementcelebratedtheautonomyofartanditsabilitytoprovideaestheticpleasure.4.Explainthetheoryof"usefulbeauty"asadvocatedbyWilliamMorris.Answer:WilliamMorris'stheoryof"usefulbeauty"emphasizestheimportanceofintegratingbeautyintoeverydaylife.Hebelievedthatbeautyshouldnotbeconfinedtoartobjectsbutshouldbepresentineverydayitemsaswell.Morrisadvocatedfortheideathatfunctionalobjects,suchasfurnitureandtextiles,shouldbedesignedwithaestheticconsiderationsinmind.Hearguedthatbeautycanenhancethequalityoflifeandimprovethehumanenvironment.五、讨论题（每题5分，共4题）1.Discusstheroleofsubjectivityanduniversalityinaestheticjudgment.Howdotheseconceptsinteractinthecontextofartappreciation?Answer:Subjectivityanduniversalityaretwokeyconceptsinaestheticjudgment.Subjectivityreferstotheideathatindividualpreferencesandtastesplayaroleinhowweperceiveandevaluateart.Universality,ontheotherhand,suggeststhattherearecertainprinciplesofbeautythatcanbesharedbyallpeople.Theseconceptsinteractinthecontextofartappreciationbecausewhileourpersonaltastesaresubjective,weoftenseekasenseofuniversalityinouraestheticjudgments.Wemaybelievethatotherscanappreciatethebeautyofanartwork,evenifourpersonalpreferencesdiffer.Thetensionbetweensubjectivityanduniversalityisacentralissueinaesthetics,asitraisesquestionsaboutthenatureofbeautyandthecriteriaforevaluatingart.2.CompareandcontrastthetheoriesofImmanuelKantandArthurSchopenhaueronthenatureofbeautyandart.Answer:ImmanuelKantandArthurSchopenhauerhavedifferenttheoriesonthenatureofbeautyandart.Kantarguesthataestheticjudgmentissubjectivebutcanbeuniversallyvalid,basedontheagreeableformofanobjectthatpleasesthemindwithoutengagingtheunderstanding.Schopenhauer,ontheotherhand,believesthatartprovidesatemporaryescapefromthesufferingcausedbythewill.Hearguesthatthewillistheunderlyingdrivingforceoftheuniverse,andartallowsindividualstotemporarilyforgettheirdesiresandfindamomentofpeace.WhileKantfocusesonthecognitiveaspectsofaestheticjudgment,Schopenhaueremphasizestheemotionalandpsychologicaldimensionsofart.3.Discussthesignificanceoftheconceptof"artforart'ssake"inthehistoryofaesthetics.Howdiditinfluencesubsequentartisticmovements?Answer:Theconceptof"artforart'ssake"hasbeensignificantinthehistoryofaestheticsasitemphasizedtheideathatartshouldbeappreciatedforitsownsake,withoutanymoral,social,orpoliticalpurpose.ThisconceptwasmostnotablyassociatedwiththeSymbolistmovementinthelate19thcentury.Itrepresentedashiftawayfromtheideathatartshouldserveahigherpurposeandinsteadfocusedonthebeautyandformoftheartworkitself.Thismovementcelebratedtheautonomyofartanditsabilitytoprovideaestheticpleasure.Theinfluenceof"artforart'ssake"canbeseeninsubsequentartisticmovementssuchasModernismandAbstractExpressionism,whichalsoemphasizedtheformalqualitiesofartandtheartist'spersonalexpression.4.Discusstheroleof