热点07 我国首批L3级自动驾驶车型获准上路（热点专练）（全国适用）（解析版）

热点07我国首批L3级自动驾驶车型获准上路内容导航原文欣赏词汇积累限时实战热点时文阅读内容导航原文欣赏词汇积累限时实战热点时文阅读—我国首批L3级自动驾驶车型获准上路+无人出租车+自动驾驶汽车话题词汇速记—两大类16个单词+40个语块热点限时精练—阅读理解3篇+语法填空3篇【背景速递】12月15日，工业和信息化部正式附条件许可两家汽车企业提交的搭载L3级有条件自动驾驶功能的智能网联汽车产品准入申请，受到广泛关注。这是我国L3级自动驾驶从测试阶段迈入商业化应用的关键一步。在国际上，驾驶自动化划分了5个级别，从L1级到L5级，是怎样区分的？L1级：驾驶自动化的入门级别，车辆只能执行一项简单的驾驶操作，例如定速巡航。方向盘和刹车需要驾驶者时时掌控。L2级：也被称作L2级组合辅助驾驶，可以实现车辆的组合控制，如同时辅助控制转向、加减速，但车辆仍需驾驶员实时监控和控制。L3级：有条件的自动驾驶，也就是说，车辆在特定场景下，可以由系统实现自动驾驶，但当系统发出介入请求时，需要驾驶员能够做到及时接管车辆。L4级：高度的自动驾驶。它是在限定的区域内，可以实现无需干预的自动驾驶。L5级：完全的自动驾驶，车辆可以无方向盘，适应任何环境下的自动驾驶。值得注意的是，由于L2及以下属于驾驶辅助，驾驶责任始终由驾驶员承担；L3及以上正式进入自动驾驶范畴，驾驶责任可能在驾驶员、制造商和自动驾驶系统供应商等主体之间分配。值得注意的是，由于L2及以下属于驾驶辅助，驾驶责任始终由驾驶员承担；L3及以上正式进入自动驾驶范畴，驾驶责任可能在驾驶员、制造商和自动驾驶系统供应商等主体之间分配。工业和信息化部装备工业发展中心主任瞿国春表示，我国始终将安全作为创新应用的前提，坚持安全为先、统筹推进，逐步形成覆盖关键技术研发、测试验证评价、政策法规制度、场景验证应用等方面的系统化推进机制。“此次发布的搭载L3级有条件自动驾驶功能的智能网联汽车产品，在企业能力、产品安全过程保障、产品测试验证等方面均开展了系统性评估，在安全为先的前提下，限定使用主体和场景应用范围，对具备量产条件的智能网联汽车产品给予准入许可，在推动智能网联汽车技术创新、逐步扩大可应用场景方面迈出了坚实的一步。”瞿国春说。【原文欣赏】Level3AutonomousCarsGetGreenLightinChinaOnDecember15th,China'sMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnologyannouncedsomeexcitingnews.Twonewcarmodels,developedbyChinesecompaniesandequippedwithLevel3(L3)autonomousdrivingtechnology,havebeenapprovedforroaduse.ThisisakeystepforChina'ssmartcarindustry.Itpushesthecountryclosertotheeraofpracticalself-drivingtravel.WhatisL3autonomousdriying?Itisalsocalled"conditionalautomation".Thismeansthecarcancompletemostdrivingtasksinspecificsituations.Onhighwaysorfastcityroads,thecarcandrivebyitself.Itcanhandlesteering,acceletating,slowingdownandevenavoidingsmallobstacles.Thedriverdoesnotneedtowatchtheroadallthetime.However,heorshemuststayreadytotakeover.Forexample,ifananimalsuddenlycrossestheroad,thecarwillwarnthedriver.Thedriverthenhas10secondstotakebackcontrol.ThisapprovalisasignificantmilestoneforthecommercialuseofautonomousdrivingtechnologyinChina.Beforethis,mostsmartcarsonthemarkethadLevel2(L2)drivingassistancesystems.Thesesystemscouldonlyprovidebasichelp.Forinstance,theycanwarnthedriverifthecardriftsoutofitslaneorautomaticallybraketoavoidcollisions.Butthedriverstillneededtocontrolthecaratalltime!Now,L3carscantakefullcontrolinspecificareas.ThismeansChinahasoffciallyenteredthestageof“conditionalself-driving”commercialtrials.ItalsoshowsthatChina'ssmartcartechnologyisnowamongtheworld'sleadinglevels.ExpertssayL3technologycanmakedrivingsafer,sincemostcaraccidentsarecausedbyhumanmistakes.ButweshouldrememberthatL3isnot"fullself-driving".Thedrivermustalwaysbereadytotakecontrol!Asthetechnologyimproves,self-drivingcarsmayonedaymakeourtripsmoreconvenientandsecure,changingthewaypeopletravelinthefuture.【译文赏析】我国首批L3级自动驾驶车型获准上路中国三级自动驾驶汽车获批上路12月15日，中国工业和信息化部宣布了一则令人振奋的消息。由中国企业研发、配备三级(L3)自动驾驶技术的两款新车型已获上路许可。这是中国智能汽车行业的关键一步，推动中国向实用自动驾驶出行时代更进一步。什么是L3级自动驾驶？它也被称为“有条件自动化”。这意味着汽车在特定情况下可以完成大部分驾驶任务。在高速公路或城市快速路上，汽车可以自主行驶。它能够操控转向、加速、减速，甚至避开小障碍物。驾驶员无需时刻注视道路，但必须随时准备接管车辆。例如，如果有动物突然横穿马路，汽车会提醒驾驶员，驾驶员则需在10秒内重新掌控车辆。此次获批对中国自动驾驶技术的商业化应用而言是一个重要的里程碑。在此之前，市场上的大多数智能汽车配备的是二级（L2）驾驶辅助系统。这些系统只能提供基本帮助。比如，如果汽车偏离车道，它们可以提醒驾驶员，或者自动刹车以避免碰撞。但驾驶员仍需时刻控制车辆！如今，L3级汽车可以在特定区域完全自主控制。这意味着中国已正式进入“有条件自动驾驶”商业化试点阶段。这也表明中国的智能汽车技术现已处于世界领先水平。专家表示，L3级技术可以提高驾驶安全性，因为大多数交通事故是由人为失误造成的。但我们要记住，L3级并非“完全自动驾驶”。驾驶员必须始终做好接管车辆的准备！随着技术的不断进步，自动驾驶汽车有朝一日或许能让我们的出行更加便捷和安全，改变人们未来的出行方式。【课标词汇积累】1.equipv.装备；配备●Schoolsalwaysequiplabswithadvancednewdevicesforstudentexperiments.学校总会为实验室配备先进的新设备供学生做实验。2.autonomousadj.自主的；自治的●Theresearchteamdevelopedanautonomousrobotthatcanworkwithoutcontrol.研究团队研发出一款无需控制就能自主工作的智能机器人。3.approvev.批准；认可●Thegovernmentfinallyapprovedthenewpolicytohelpsmallbusinessesdevelop.政府最终批准了这项助力小型企业发展的新政策。4.self-drivingadj.自动驾驶的●Self-drivingcarsaregainingmorepopularityamongyoungpeopleinbigcities.自动驾驶汽车在大城市的年轻人中正变得越来越受欢迎。5.specificadj.具体的；特定的●Pleasegivesomespecificexamplestosupportyourinterestingideaclearly.请清晰地给出一些具体例子来支撑你这个有趣的观点。6.handlev.处理；应对●Thenewsoftwarehelpsworkershandlelargeamountsofdataquicklyeachday.这款新软件帮助工作人员每天快速处理大量的数据信息。7.acceleratev.加速；促进●Moderntechnologycangreatlyacceleratethepaceofsocialandeconomicdevelopment.现代科技能极大地促进社会和经济发展的整体步伐。8.obstaclen.障碍；阻碍●Lackofenoughfundsisamajorobstacleforsmallcompaniestoexpandbusiness.资金不足是小型企业拓展业务时面临的主要阻碍。9.milestonen.里程碑；重要事件●Thebigprojectreachedakeymilestoneaftertwoyearsofhardteamwork.经过团队两年的辛勤付出，这个重大项目达成了关键里程碑。10.assistancen.帮助；协助●Wereallyneedprofessionaltechnicalassistancetofinishthetoughtaskontime.我们确实需要专业的技术协助才能按时完成这项艰巨任务。11.automaticallyadv.自动地；无意识地●Theglassdoorclosesautomaticallyafter10secondswhennoonepassesby.当无人经过时，这扇玻璃门会在10秒后自动关闭。12.collisionn.碰撞；冲突●Thecollisionofdifferentideasoftenledtoabettersolutioninmeetings.会议中不同观点的碰撞往往能催生更好的解决方案。13.trialn.试验；审判●Thenewdrugisundergoingimportantclinicaltrialsinseveralbighospitals.这款新药正在几家大型医院里进行重要的临床试验。14.leadingadj.主要的；领先的●Hardworkisaleadingfactorthathelpspeopleachievetheirlifegoalsfinally.努力是帮助人们最终实现人生目标的主要因素。15.secureadj.安全的；可靠的v.获得；确保●Hefoundasecurejobinalocalgovernmentdepartmentlastyearfinally.去年，他终于在当地政府部门找到了一份稳定的工作。●Shesuccessfullysecuredavaluablescholarshiptostudyabroadlastmonth.上个月，她成功获得了一份宝贵的出国留学奖学金。【话题词汇积累】1.自动驾驶级别与核心定义Level3AutonomousDrivingL3级自动驾驶conditionalautomation 有条件自动化fullself-driving 完全自动驾驶practicalself-drivingtravel 实用自动驾驶出行Level2drivingassistancesystemsL2级驾驶辅助系统2.核心技术与驾驶功能autonomousdrivingtechnology自动驾驶技术handlesteering,accelerating,slowingdown处理转向、加速、减速avoidsmallobstacles 避开小型障碍物drivebyitself 自主行驶automaticallybrake 自动刹车warnthedriver 警示驾驶员3.监管审批与政策相关MinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology工业和信息化部approveforroaduse 获准上路getgreenlight 获得批准commercialuseapproval 商业使用审批commercialtrials 商业试验4.安全与操控相关avoidcollisions 避免碰撞warnifthecardriftsoutofitslane车辆偏离车道时发出警示takeovercontrol 接管控制权humanmistakes 人为失误stayreadytotakeover 随时准备接管safetyprotectionsystem 安全防护系统emergencyavoidancefunction紧急避险功能safetytestandcertification 安全测试与认证securedatatransmission 安全数据传输drivermonitoringsystem 驾驶员监测系统riskassessmentmechanism 风险评估机制safedrivingboundary 安全驾驶边界malfunctionwarningsystem故障警示系统5.行业发展与里程碑smartcarindustry 智能汽车产业keystep 关键步骤significantmilestone 重要里程碑world'sleadinglevels 世界领先水平technologyimproves 技术进步6.辅助系统与基础功能drivingassistancesystems 驾驶辅助系统basichelp 基本帮助specificsituations 特定场景highwaysorfastcityroads 高速公路或城市快速路（建议用时：40分钟）题型01阅读理解我国首批L3级自动驾驶车型获准上路OnDecember15th,China'sMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnologyannouncedsomeexcitingnews.Twonewcarmodels,developedbyChinesecompaniesand1(equip)withLevel3(L3)autonomousdrivingtechnology,havebeenapprovedforroaduse.ThisisakeystepforChina'ssmartcarindustry,2pushesthecountryclosertotheeraofpracticalself-drivingtravel.WhatisL3autonomousdriving?Itisalsocalled"conditionalautomation".Thismeansthecarcancompletemostdrivingtasksinspecificsituations.Onhighwaysorfastcityroads,thecarcandriveby3(it).Itcanhandlesteering,acceletating,slowingdownandevenavoidingsmallobstacles.Thedriverdoesnotneedtowatchtheroadallthetime.However,heorshemuststayreadytotakeover.Forexample,ifananimalsuddenly4(cross)theroad,thecarwillwarnthedriver.5driverthenhas10secondstotakebackcontrol.This6(aprove)isasignificantmilestoneforthecommercialuseofautonomousdrivingtechnologyinChina.Now,L3carscantakefullcontrolinspecificareas.ThismeansChinahas7(official)enteredthestageof“conditionalself-driving”commercialtrials.ItalsoshowsthatChina'ssmartcartechnologyisnow8theworld'sleadinglevels.ExpertssayweshouldrememberthatL3isnot"fullself-driving".Thedrivermustalways9(prepare)totakecontrol!Asthetechnologyimproves,self-drivingcarsmayonedaymakeourtripsmoreconvenientandsecure,10(change)thewaypeopletravelinthefuture.【答案】1.equipped2.which3.itself4.crosses5.The6.approval7.offcially8.among9.beprepared10.changing【导语】中国三级自动驾驶汽车获批上路12月15日，中国工业和信息化部宣布了一则令人振奋的消息。由中国企业研发、配备三级(L3)自动驾驶技术的两款新车型已获上路许可。这是中国智能汽车行业的关键一步，推动中国向实用自动驾驶出行时代更进一步。【解析】1.考查非谓语。句意：12月15日，中国工业和信息化部宣布了一则令人振奋的消息。由中国企业研发、搭载三级（L3）自动驾驶技术的两款新车型已获批上路。结合语境这里是两个过去分词短语作定语。beequippedwith表示“配备，安装”。故填equipped。2.考查定语从句。结合语境这里应用which引导非限制性定语从句，并充当其主语。句意：故填which。3.考查反身代词。句意：在高速公路或城市快速路上，汽车可以自行行驶。byitself表示“单独，独自”。故填itself。4.考查动词时态。句意：例如，如果有动物突然横穿马路，汽车会提醒驾驶员。本句考查主将从现，因此状语从句应该用一般现在时代替。故填crosses。5.考查冠词。句意：例如，如果有动物突然横穿马路，汽车会提醒驾驶员。驾驶员随后有10秒钟的时间重新掌控车辆。结合语境这里表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填The。6.考查名词。句意：此次获批对中国自动驾驶技术的商业化应用而言是一个重要的里程碑。结合语境这里需要名词作主语。approval用作名词表示“批准”。故填approval。7.考查副词。句意：这意味着中国已正式进入“有条件自动驾驶”商业试点阶段。这里修饰动词应用副词。故填offcially。8.考查介词。句意：这也表明中国的智能汽车技术现已位居世界领先水平。这里among表示“表示……是某个群体中的一员”。故填among。9.考查动词语态。句意：专家表示，我们要记住，L3级并非“完全自动驾驶”。驾驶员必须时刻做好接管车辆的准备！peparetodo表示“准备做某事”，强调动作；而bepreparedtodo意为“准备好某事”，强调状态。故填beprepared。10.考查非谓语。句意：自动驾驶汽车或许有一天会让我们的出行变得更加便捷和安全，改变人们未来的出行方式。结合语境这里现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示主动行为。故填changing。题型02阅读理解德国交通部长对自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的提议（2017·天津·高考真题）Thismonth,Germany’stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主驾驶车辆).Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(财产)damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.“Theliability(法律责任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall,”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducesearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars.”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithoutoperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity,California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore,wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”saysCalo.1．Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto?A．Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B．Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C．Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D．Asituationwheredrivers’roleisnotclear.2．WhatdoestheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimtodo?A．Tostoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrules.B．Tohelppromotefullyautomaticdriving.C．Toprotectdriversofallagesandraces.D．Topreventseriouspropertydamage.3．Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A．Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.B．Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C．Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D．Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.4．Wheredodriverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuture?A．InSingapore.B．IntheUK.C．IntheUS.D．InGermany.5．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AutonomousDriving:WhoseLiability?B．FullyAutomaticCars:ANewBreakthroughC．AutonomousVehicles:DriverRemovedD．DriverlessCars:RootofRoadAccidents【答案】1．D2．B3．D4．C5．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了德国交通部长对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。1．猜测词义题。根据第二段内容Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.注意冒号的作用，就是对死亡谷的解释说明：deathvalley指的是制约着无人驾驶汽车未来的半自动化和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带即司机的角色不明朗的状况。A，B和C项内容文中根本就没有提到，故选D。2．推理判断题。根据第二段的句子Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:和第四段内容Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.可以判断出这个提议被提出是为了推动完全自动化的驾驶。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据第七段内容Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars.”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”可知消费者认为对于无人驾驶车辆的运行不应该牵涉到人的责任。故选D。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”saysCalo.可知接管无人驾驶汽车并将其视为公共产品的想法在美国绝对行不通，即公共交通工具中无人驾驶车在美国看不到未来。故选C。5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了德国交通部长的提议是为了促进无人驾驶车运行，界定了汽车制造方负责，由此在第五段引出全文的主题句:Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.下面就此展开陈述。所以“自动化驾驶：谁的责任”可以概括全文，充当本文题目，故选A。题型03阅读理解（2026·湖南岳阳·期中）AIisadvancedenoughtotakeoverthebasicfunctionofdrivingavehicle,butdrivingneedssomuchmorethanjustpilotingacar.Humanbeingsperformavastvarietyoftasksinacar.Thefactis,humanbeingswon’tcompletelybeoutofthedriver’sseatanytimesoon.WestillhavetheedgeoverAIbecausewethinklikeotherhumanbeings.Weanticipatethatotherdriversorpedestriansmaynotalwaysfollowtherulesoftheroad,ortheymaybehaveinunpredictableways.Weknowthisnotfromadrivingmanual,butfromlifeexperience.Wesubconsciouslyrespondtosituationsinaveryhumanway.Eventually,learningalgorithms(算法)willbedevelopedtoimitatesomeofourgut(本能的)reactions,butthiswilltaketime.Sofar,there’sbeenlittleeffortonthepartofeithertheautomobileindustryorpublicsafetyofficialstobringthepublicuptospeed:Whenpeoplehearthetermautonomouscar,theyareoftenunderthemistakenbeliefthattheroleofthehumandriverhasbeenremoved,thatheorsheisnowdowngradedtotheroleofpassenger.“Thebiggestmisconceptionaboutautomationisthatthemoreautomationthereis,thelesshumancompetenceisneeded.Actually,themoreyouautomate,themoreyouneedtoeducate,where,when,how,etc.,”observesBryanReimer,aresearchscientistatMIT’sCenterforTransportationandLogistics.Hehasstudieddriverbehaviorasitrelatestoautomationandraisesaninterestingpoint:asourautomobilesassumemoreandmoreofthetasksoftheiroperation,thereisariskthathumanbeingswilllosesomeofthereal-worlddrivingexperiencesthatmakeuscompetentdrivers.Thisisfineaslongasthecarremainsincontrol.Butinaworldofsemi-autonomousvehicles,thedriversmaybecomelessequippedtohandlethecomplicatedoperationthatwouldstump(难倒)thesoftware.“Thewayweapproachdrivertrainingwilllikelyneedanupgradetoaccommodatetothenewworldofsemi-autonomouscars.Itdoesn’tlooklikewe’regoingtohavetoshutdownourdrivingschoolsanytimesoon,”BryanReimeradded.1．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdriving?A．ItsbasicfunctionisstillcomplicatedforAI.B．Itrequiresmorethanoperatingavehicle.C．Itinvolvesmanyrepetitiveandboringtasks.D．Itneedsthedriver’sfullattentiontotheroad.2．WhatdoestheauthorthinkistheadvantageofhumandriversoverAI?A．Theyprovetobemoreacceptabletothegeneralpublic.B．Theyhavemoredetailedknowledgeoftherulesoftheroad.C．Theyaremoreexperiencedindealingwithunusualsituations.D．Theyarebetterathandlingtrafficaccidentsinahumanway.3．WhatdoesBryanReimerimplyaboutautomation?A．Itplaysanimportantroleinimprovingtrafficsafety.B．Itreducestheneedfordrivers’professionalcompetence.C．Italterstherelationshipbetweendriversandpassengers.D．Itmaycausedriverstobelessabletocopewithcomplexsituations.4．Whatshouldpeopledotoadapttosemi-autonomousdriving?A．Upgradeautomationtechnologies.B．ChangetheirperceptionofAI.C．Updatedrivertrainingprograms.D．Openmoredrivingschools.【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了人工智能在驾驶方面的应用，以及人类驾驶员与人工智能相比的优势和不足，并指出人们需要更新驾驶培训计划以适应半自动驾驶汽车的时代。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“AIisadvancedenoughtotakeoverthebasicfunctionofdrivingavehicle,butdrivingneedssomuchmorethanjustpilotingacar.Humanbeingsperformavastvarietyoftasksinacar.(人工智能已经足够先进，可以接管驾驶车辆的基本功能，但驾驶不仅仅是驾驶汽车。人类在汽车中执行各种各样的任务。)”可知，驾驶需要的不仅仅是操作车辆。故选B。2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“WestillhavetheedgeoverAIbecausewethinklikeotherhumanbeings.Weanticipatethatotherdriversorpedestriansmaynotalwaysfollowtherulesoftheroad,ortheymaybehaveinunpredictableways.Weknowthisnotfromadrivingmanual,butfromlifeexperience.Wesubconsciouslyrespondtosituationsinaveryhumanway.(我们仍然比人工智能有优势，因为我们像其他人一样思考。我们预料到其他司机或行人可能并不总是遵守交通规则，或者他们可能会以不可预测的方式行事。我们不是从驾驶手册中知道这一点，而是从生活经验中知道的。我们下意识地以一种非常人性化的方式应对各种情况。)”可知，人类司机在处理不可预测的、不寻常情况方面更有经验。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Butinaworldofsemi-autonomousvehicles,thedriversmaybecomelessequippedtohandlethecomplicatedoperationthatwouldstump(难倒)thesoftware.(但在半自动驾驶汽车的世界里，司机可能没有足够的能力来处理那些会让软件感到困惑的复杂操作。)”可知，BryanReimer暗示自动化可能会导致司机在应对复杂情况时能力下降。故选D。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thewayweapproachdrivertrainingwilllikelyneedanupgradetoaccommodatetothenewworldofsemi-autonomouscars.(我们对待司机培训的方式可能需要升级，以适应半自动驾驶汽车的新世界。)”可知，人们需要更新驾驶培训计划以适应半自动驾驶汽车的时代。故选C。题型04阅读理解（2026·福建厦门·期中）Drivinghassignificantdownsides,includingpollution,traffic,andcrashes.In2023,anestimated40,990peoplediedincarcrashesintheU.S.,withmillionsmoreinjuredinnonfatalcollisions(碰撞).Thesecrashesoftenresultfromhumanerrors,suchasdrunkdrive,distraction,ormisjudgment.Despiteeffortstomitigatetheseerrorsthroughtrafficenforcementandsaferroaddesign,humanmistakesremainamajorissue.Self-drivingcars,likethosedevelopedbyWaymo,offerapromisingsolution.Waymo’srobotaxishavedriven33millionmiles,primarilyinSanFranciscoandPhoenix,andhavebeeninvolvedin62%fewerpolice-reportedcrashes,78%fewerinjury-causingcrashes,and81%fewerseverecrashescomparedtohuman-drivencars.Thesefiguresmightevenunderstatethesafetybenefits,asotherdriversareoftenpartiallyresponsibleforcollisionswithautonomousvehicles.WhileincidentsliketheCruiserobotaxiaccident,whereahumandriverhitapasser-bywhowasthendraggedbytheautonomousvehicle,raiseconcerns,humandriversalsocauseterribleaccidents.Thekeyquestioniswhetherautonomousvehiclesaresaferoverallandcanbemadeevensaferthroughcarefulmonitoringandinnovation.DatafromCaliforniashowsthatmostcrashesinvolvingWaymoandCruisevehicleswerelow-speedandoftencausedbyotherdrivers.Althoughit’stooearlytodeterminethefullimpactofself-drivingcarsonfatalcrashes,thepotentialforreducinghumanerrorissignificant.Asmoreautonomousvehicleshittheroad,thenumberofcrashescausedbyhumandriverscoulddecrease,leadingtobroadersocietalbenefits,includingreducedhealthcarecostsandfewerlegalissuesrelatedtotrafficaccidents.TheAutonomousVehicleIndustryAssociationhasproposedapolicyframeworktospeedtheadoptionofself-drivingcars,advocatingforclearfederalguidelinesandanationalsafetydatabase.Whileautonomousdrivingtechnologyisstillinitsbeginningandfaceschallengeslikenavigatingsnowandice,policymakersshouldworktoremoveregulatorybarriersandensuresafetystandardsaremet.Inconclusion,whilehumandriverswon’tdisappearsoon,self-drivingcarshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimproveroadsafetyandreducetheeconomicandsocialcostsoftrafficaccidents.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inparagraph1mean?A．Ease. B．Expand. C．Explain. D．Embrace.2．WhatcanweinferfromWaymo’srobotaxidata?A．Robotaxisareunbelievablysafe. B．Theyaresaferthanhuman-drivencars.C．Theymightcausemoreseverecrashes. D．Otherdriversareunlikelytohitrobotaxis.3．Whatisonechallengementionedforself-drivingcars?A．Theycannotoperateinbigcities. B．Theyarenotacceptedbythepublic.C．Theyaretooexpensivetoproduce. D．Theymaystruggleinsnowandice.4．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Self-drivingtechnologieshavebroughtaboutprofitsenvironmentally.B．Humandriverswillbereplacedbyself-drivingcarsinthenearfuture.C．Policymakersshouldfocusondevelopingself-drivingtechnologies.D．Self-drivingcarshaveapromisingfuturewithgreatbenefits.【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的优势和劣势。1．词义猜测题。根据第一段划线单词句中“Thesecrashesoftenresultfromhumanerrors,suchasdrunkdrive,distraction,ormisjudgment.Despiteeffortstomitigatetheseerrorsthroughtrafficenforcementandsaferroaddesign,humanmistakesremainamajorissue.(这些事故通常是人为失误造成的，比如酒后驾驶、注意力分散或判断失误。尽管努力通过交通执法和更安全的道路设计来mitigate这些错误，但人为错误仍然是主要问题)”可知，通过交通执法和更安全的道路设计是为了减轻或缓解人为错误带来的影响，“ease”有“减轻；缓解”的意思，符合语境。故选A项。2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Waymo’srobotaxishavedriven33millionmiles,primarilyinSanFranciscoandPhoenix,andhavebeeninvolvedin62%fewerpolice-reportedcrashes,78%fewerinjury-causingcrashes,and81%fewerseverecrashescomparedtohuman-drivencars.(Waymo的无人驾驶出租车已经行驶了3300万英里，主要在旧金山和凤凰城，与人类驾驶的汽车相比，警方报告的撞车事故减少了62%，造成伤害的撞车事故减少了78%，严重撞车事故减少了81%)”可知，Waymo的自动驾驶出租车与人类驾驶的汽车相比，涉及的警方报告的碰撞事故少62%，造成伤害的碰撞事故少78%，严重碰撞事故少81%。由此可以推断出它们比人类驾驶的汽车更安全。故选B项。3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Whileautonomousdrivingtechnologyisstillinitsbeginningandfaceschallengeslikenavigatingsnowandice,policymakersshouldworktoremoveregulatorybarriersandensuresafetystandardsaremet.(虽然自动驾驶技术仍处于起步阶段，面临着在冰雪中导航等挑战，但政策制定者应该努力消除监管障碍，确保达到安全标准)”可知，自动驾驶技术仍处于起步阶段，面临着像在冰雪中行驶这样的挑战。故选D项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inconclusion,whilehumandriverswon’tdisappearsoon,self-drivingcarshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimproveroadsafetyandreducetheeconomicandsocialcostsoftrafficaccidents.(总之，虽然人类驾驶员不会很快消失，但自动驾驶汽车有可能显著改善道路安全，降低交通事故的经济和社会成本)”可知，虽然人类司机不会很快消失，但自动驾驶汽车有很大潜力显著提高道路安全，并减少交通事故的经济和社会成本。这意味着自动驾驶汽车有一个充满希望的未来，有很大的好处。故选D项。题型05语法填空（2025·河南南阳·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Self-drivingcars,alsoknownasautonomousvehicles,havebeenatopicofinterestand1(argue)forseveralyears.Theideaofvehiclesthatcanoperate2humancontrolispromising.Itcanmaketransportationefficientandconvenient.Andastechnologycontinuestoadvancerapidly,thewidespreaduseofself-drivingcarsseemsincreasinglypopularand3(avoidable).Inafutureimpactedbyclimatechangeandecosystemprotection,theroleofself-drivingcars4(become)vitalintheirenvironmentalandsocialbenefitsandthuscanincreaseenergyefficiency,easetrafficjams,andpromotesharedmobility.5(enable)thechangetoelectricandrenewable-poweredvehicles,self-drivingcarsalsohelpencouragetheefficientuseofinfrastructure(基础设施).However,somechallengesmustbeaddressed6(ensure)safety.Oneoftheprimary

7(concern)isregulation(管理),ascurrenttrafficlawsandpoliciesmaynotbeequippedtohandlevariousproblemsclosely8(relate)toautonomousvehicles.Governmentsandregulatorybodieswillneedtoestablishclearguidelinesandsafetystandards9areessentialtomanagetheoperationofself-drivingcarsonroads.Inconclusion,thefutureofself-drivingcarspresents10mixofopportunitiesandchallengesthatwillshapeoursocieties,economies,andenvironments.Weshoulddevelopthestrengthsofthistechnologywhilereducingitsrisks.【答案】1．argument2．without3．unavoidable4．willbecome5．Enabling6．toensure7．concerns8．related9．that/which10．a【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。文章讲述了关于自动驾驶汽车的影响、好处、面临的挑战以及未来展望。1．考查名词。句意：自动驾驶汽车，也被称为无人驾驶汽车，多年来一直是一个备受关注和争议的话题。空白处在句子中作介词of的宾语，所以此处应使用argue的名词形式，故填argument。2．考查介词。句意：能够在无人控制的情况下运行的车辆这一想法是很有前景的。根据上文“Self-drivingcars(自动驾驶汽车)”可知此处表示“没有”人类控制的车辆，故填without。3．考查形容词。句意：随着技术的快速持续发展，自动驾驶汽车的广泛使用似乎越来越流行且不可避免。空白处在句子中作表语使用形容词，根据上文“thewidespreaduseofself-drivingcarsseemsincreasinglypopular(自动驾驶汽车的广泛使用似乎越来越流行)”可知自动驾驶汽车的广泛使用似乎越来越流行，可推理出空白处应填表示“不可避免”含义的形容词，所以此处应使用avoidable的反义词作表语，故填unavoidable。4．考查时态。句意：在受气候变化和生态系统保护影响的未来，自动驾驶汽车在环境和社会效益方面的作用将变得至关重要，从而可以提高能源效率、缓解交通堵塞并促进共享出行。根据上文“Inafuture(在一个……的未来)”可知句子表示的是一个将来发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般将来时，故填willbecome。5．考查非谓语动词。句意：自动驾驶汽车使向电动和可再生能源汽车的转变成为可能，也有助于鼓励基础设施的有效利用。空白处在句子中做状语，因与其逻辑主语self-drivingcars之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词。位于句首，故填Enabling。6．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，为了确保安全，必须应对一些挑战。空白处在句子中做状语表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填toensure。7．考查名词。句意：主要的担忧之一是监管，因为现行的交通法规和政策可能无法处理与自动驾驶汽车密切相关的各种问题。此处使用了“oneof+复数名词”，该表达为固定短语，含义为表示“……之一”，故填concerns。8．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空白处在句子中作定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语problems之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词，故填related。9．考查定语从句。句意：政府和监管机构将需要建立明确的指导方针和安全标准，这对管理自动驾驶汽车在道路上的运行至关重要。空白处应填入关系代词引导限制性定语从句并做主语，先行词是guidelinesandsafetystandards，指事物，故填that/which。10．考查冠词。句意：总之，自动驾驶汽车的未来是机遇与挑战