国开电大本科《管理英语4》期末考试题及答案

最新国开电大本科《管理英语4》期末考试题及答案PartIVocabulary&Structure（每题1分，共20分）1.Theboardfinally______theproposaltospinoffthelogisticsdivisionafterathree-hourheateddebate.A.endorsedB.nullifiedC.deferredD.manipulated答案：A2.BythetimethenewERPsystem______,thewarehouseteam______theoldbarcodescannersforelevenmonths.A.wentlive;hadbeenusingB.hadgonelive;wereusingC.goeslive;haveusedD.willgolive;used答案：A3.Notuntilthecomplianceofficer______theriskregister______theexternalauditorsagreetosignoffthereport.A.updated;wouldB.hadupdated;didC.updates;willD.hasupdated;/答案：B4.Thelean-six-sigmablackbeltstressedthatthedefectrate______below0.3%beforethenextcertificationaudit.A.bebroughtB.mustbringC.hasbroughtD.isbrought答案：A5.Theunion’sbargainingpowerhasbeenerodedbytherecentsurgein______labor.A.contingentB.redundantC.indispensableD.occupational答案：A6.Thestart-up’svaluationsoaredaftertheventurecapitalfirminjected$20million,______itsstaketo12%.A.acquiringB.forfeitingC.dilutingD.underwriting答案：A7.TheCFOinsistedona______discountratetooffsettheprojectedcurrencyvolatilityintheDCFmodel.A.conservativeB.punitiveC.leveragedD.segmented答案：A8.Theagilecoachremindedusthataretrospectiveis______ablamesessionbutalearningopportunity.A.everythingexceptB.anythingbutC.nothingbutD.allbut答案：B9.Thecompany’snewESGpolicymandatesthatexecutivebonuses______tosustainabilityKPIs.A.arelinkingB.belinkedC.beinglinkedD.link答案：B10.Thewhistle-blower’sidentitywaskeptconfidential______severeretaliationfrommiddlemanagement.A.intheeventofB.withregardtoC.forfearofD.ontopof答案：C11.Thesupply-chainresilienceindex______disruptionscausedbygeopoliticaltensionsandextremeweather.A.encapsulatesB.enumeratesC.differentiatesD.accentuates答案：A12.Theboard’sriskappetitestatementclearly______speculativepositionsincryptocurrency.A.outlawsB.discouragesC.toleratesD.espouses答案：B13.Afterthehostiletakeover,theacquirerimmediatelymovedto______thetarget’spoison-pillprovision.A.redeemB.triggerC.nullifyD.escalate答案：C14.Thenewrevenuerecognitionstandardrequiresfirmsto______contractmodificationsretrospectively.A.restateB.forecastC.amortizeD.hedge答案：A15.Thecross-functionalteamadopteda______approachtoprioritizeproductfeatures,weighingcustomerimpactagainsttechnicaldebt.A.heuristicB.deterministicC.stochasticD.bureaucratic答案：A16.Theinternalauditrevealedthatseveralpurchaseordershadbeen______tocircumventprocurementthresholds.A.aggregatedB.fragmentedC.escalatedD.benchmarked答案：B17.Thecompany’scloudmigrationwashinderedby______legacysystemswhosedocumentationhadbeenlost.A.monolithicB.modularC.interoperableD.scalable答案：A18.Thecrisissimulationexercisewasdesignedtotestthefirm’s______capabilitiesunderextremeregulatoryscrutiny.A.improvisationalB.reputationalC.operationalD.sensational答案：C19.Theequityresearchreportissueda______ratingonthestock,citingdeterioratingfree-cash-flowconversion.A.holdB.overweightC.underperformD.accumulate答案：C20.Thenewdata-privacyofficeremphasizedthatconsentmustbe______andrevocableatanytime.A.implicitB.granularC.perpetualD.transferable答案：BPartIICloze（每题1分，共15分）通读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Theemergenceofhybridworkhasfundamentallyreshapedmanagerialassumptionsaboutproductivitymeasurement.Traditionally,firmsreliedon______(21)metricssuchasdesktimeandkeystrokecounts.Theseindicators,however,______(22)whenemployeesoperatefromdisparatelocations.Forward-lookingorganizationsaretherefore______(23)towardoutcome-baseddashboardsthattrackprojectmilestones,customersatisfaction,andinnovationthroughput.Suchdashboards______(24)real-timedatapipelinesthataggregateinformationfromERP,CRM,andcollaborationplatforms.Yettheshiftisnotmerelytechnological;itis______(25)cultural.Managersmustunlearnthereflextoequatevisibilitywithvaluecreation.Instead,theyneedto______(26)trustbyarticulatingcrystal-clearobjectivesandgrantingautonomyoverscheduling.ResearchbyGartnerrevealsthatteamsgrantedscheduleautonomy______(27)27%higherrevenueperemployee,providedthatobjectivesareSMARTandfeedbackloopsare______(28)weekly.Paradoxically,excessivesurveillance______(29)counter-productiveconsequences:talentedcontributorsexperiencepsychologicalreactance,often______(30)discretionaryeffort.Tomitigatethis,firmsareexperimentingwith“earnedautonomy”clauses—onceateam______(31)threeconsecutivequarterlytargets,subsequentmonitoringismaterially______(32).Theapproachalignswithself-determinationtheory,whichpositsthatcompetenceandautonomyare______(33)intrinsicmotivators.Moreover,outcome-basedsystemsfacilitatemoreequitablepromotiondecisionsby______(34)unconsciousbiasrootedinpresenteeism.Overtime,thehopeistocultivatearesults-orientedethosthat______(35)geographicalboundariesaltogether.21.A.input-orientedB.output-orientedC.emotion-orientedD.capital-oriented答案：A22.A.proliferateB.stagnateC.misfireD.excel答案：C23.A.regressingB.gravitatingC.retreatingD.defaulting答案：B24.A.leverageB.hinderC.boycottD.distort答案：A25.A.acutelyB.ostensiblyC.profoundlyD.nominally答案：C26.A.coerceB.cultivateC.outsourceD.quantify答案：B27.A.deliverB.surrenderC.withholdD.inflate答案：A28.A.abbreviatedB.suspendedC.tightenedD.institutionalized答案：D29.A.triggersB.detersC.camouflagesD.subsidizes答案：A30.A.curtailingB.amplifyingC.reallocatingD.commodifying答案：A31.A.forfeitsB.attainsC.circumventsD.underestimates答案：B32.A.intensifiedB.relaxedC.arbitratedD.monetized答案：B33.A.peripheralB.pivotalC.counterfeitD.speculative答案：B34.A.neutralizingB.rekindlingC.subsidizingD.externalizing答案：A35.A.transcendsB.replicatesC.compartmentalizesD.juxtaposes答案：APartIIIReadingComprehension（每题2分，共30分）PassageOneTheconceptof“servantleadership”hasmigratedfromacademicjournalstocorporateboardroomsatanunprecedentedpace.OriginallyarticulatedbyRobertGreenleafin1970,thephilosophyproposesthattheleader’sprimaryroleistoserveemployees,customers,andcommunitiesratherthantoaccumulatepower.Recentmeta-analysescovering4,800teamsacross32industriesrevealthatunitsledbyservantleadersoutperformcontrolgroupsonthreemetrics:voluntaryturnover(-23%),customerNetPromoterScore(+18%),andfive-yearTSR(+9.4%).Themechanismisattributedtopsychologicalsafety:whenemployeesperceivetheirleaderasempatheticandstewardship-oriented,theyredirectcognitivebandwidthfromimpressionmanagementtovalue-creatingactivities.However,themodelisnotwithoutcontingencies.Inhigh-velocityenvironmentssuchasalgorithmictradingdesks,excessiveconsensus-seekingcandelaydecisioncycles,erodingarbitrageopportunities.Moreover,culturalcontextmoderatesefficacy:inhighpower-distancesocieties,servantbehaviorsmaybemisinterpretedasweakness,underminingauthority.Firmscontemplatingadoptionshouldthereforeembedservantprinciplesinselectionrubrics,360-degreefeedback,andlong-termincentivedesignratherthantreatingthemasephemeralslogans.36.Accordingtothepassage,servantleadershipimprovesperformanceprimarilyby______.A.centralizingdecisionrightsB.reducingpsychologicalsafetyC.reallocatingcognitiveresourcesD.increasingpowerdistance答案：C37.Thearbitrageexampleismentionedtoillustrate______.A.culturalmisalignmentB.decision-speedtrade-offsC.customerloyaltyeffectsD.incentivedesignflaws答案：B38.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrecommendedasanimplementationtactic?A.revisingpromotioncriteriaB.incorporating360-degreefeedbackC.rotatingleaderseveryquarterD.linkingcompensationtoservantbehaviors答案：CPassageTwoDigitaltwintechnologyisrevolutionizingcapital-intensiveindustriesbycreatingvirtualreplicasofphysicalassets.Adigitaltwincontinuouslyingestssensordata,simulatesfuturestates,andprescribesoptimalinterventions.SiemensEnergyretrofitted42gasturbineswithtwins,predictingbladefatigue1,400operatinghoursearlierthanlegacymodels,saving$45millioninunplannedoutages.Yettheeconomicshingeondataveracity;erroneousinputspropagaterapidly,leadingto“twinsgonerogue.”Firmsmustthereforeinvestinedge-baseddatacleansingandblockchain-backedaudittrails.Additionally,organizationalsilosimpedevalueextraction.Oneoil-majordiscoveredthatitstwinaccuratelyforecastpumpfailure,butprocurementrequired11weekstosourcespareparts,nullifyingthebenefit.Successfuladopterscreatecross-functional“twinsquads”thatcombinereliabilityengineers,datascientists,andsupply-chainanalystsunderasingleOKRframework.39.TheSiemenscasedemonstratesthatdigitaltwinscan______.A.eliminatesensormaintenanceB.extendassetlifecyclesC.reduceunplanneddowntimeD.decentralizeprocurement答案：C40.The“twinsgonerogue”phenomenoniscausedby______.A.culturalmisalignmentB.poordataqualityC.excessivecomputingpowerD.regulatorylag答案：B41.Theoil-majorexampleimpliesthatoperationalizinginsightsrequires______.A.fasterprocurementcyclesB.largertwinmodelsC.lowersensordensityD.stricterregulation答案：APassageThreeTheriseofalgorithmicmanagementhasoutpacedregulatoryframeworks,creatingasymmetriesofpowerandinformation.Platformssuchasride-hailingandfood-deliveryappsassignwork,evaluateperformance,andeventerminatecontractswithouthumanintervention.Whileproponentsarguethatalgorithmsenhanceefficiencyandreducefavoritism,criticshighlightopacityandlackofdueprocess.TheEU’sdraftPlatformWorkDirectiveproposesa“righttoexplanation,”requiringalgorithmstodisclosethevariablesthatinfluencedecisions.However,disclosurealonemaybeinsufficientifworkerslackthestatisticalliteracytointerpretcoefficients.Amorepromisingavenueis“participatoryauditing,”whereindependentdatatrustsauditcodeonbehalfofworkers.PilotstudiesinBarcelonashowthatnegotiatedalgorithmicadjustmentsreducedworkerattritionby19%whilemaintainingservicelevels.Theapproachhingesongovernancedesign:auditorsmustbefundedbyalevyonplatformsyetremainstructurallyindependent,akintofinancial-ratingagencies.42.TheEUproposalprimarilyaddresses______.A.algorithmictransparencyB.corporatetaxationC.sensoraccuracyD.consumerprivacy答案：A43.Participatoryauditingdiffersfromdisclosureinthatit______.A.reliesonworkerinterpretationB.outsourcesauditstothirdpartiesC.eliminatesalgorithmsD.increasesplatformrevenue答案：B44.TheBarcelonapilotsuggeststhatgovernancemechanismscanbalance______.A.efficiencyandequityB.taxationandsubsidiesC.importsandexportsD.debtandequity答案：A45.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sattitudetowardalgorithmicmanagement?A.unconditionallysupportiveB.cautiouslyoptimisticC.overtlyhostileD.completelyindifferent答案：BPartIVTranslation（共20分）SectionA英译汉（10分）46.Theconfluenceofbigdataandbehavioraleconomicshasarmedmanagerswithgranularinsightsintoemployeedecision-making,yetthesametoolkitrisksmorphingintosurveillanceinfrastructureifleftuncheckedbyethicalguardrails.参考译文：大数据与行为经济学的汇合使管理者得以细致入微地洞察员工决策，然而若缺乏伦理护栏，同一套工具可能蜕变为监控基础设施。47.ESGintegrationisnolongeraboutiquestrategychampionedbynichefunds;ithaspermeatedmainstreamportfolioallocation,drivenbyfiduciarydutyreinterpretationsandloomingregulatorymandates.参考译文：ESG整合已不再是小众基金标榜的精品策略；它已渗透主流资产配置，其驱动力来自受托责任的重新诠释以及即将到来的监管要求。SectionB汉译英（10分）48.在VUCA环境中，企业必须将韧性视为核心竞争力，通过情景规划和冗余供应链来吸收外部冲击。参考译文：InaVUCAenvironment,firmsmusttreatresilienceasacorecompetency,absorbingexternalshocksthroughscenarioplanningandredundantsupplychains.49.只有将数据治理嵌入每一条业务流程，公司才能真正释放人工智能在预测性维护中的潜力。参考译文：OnlybyembeddingdatagovernanceintoeverybusinessprocesscanacompanytrulyunlockAI’spotentialinpredictivemaintenance.PartVBusinessWriting（15分）情景：你是一家跨国制造企业亚太区战略总监。总部决定关闭位于宁波的工厂，将产能迁至越南胡志明市。请给全体员工发一封英文邮件，阐明原因，说明过渡安排，并缓解员工焦虑。字数120–150词。DearColleagues,Aftercarefulevaluation,wehavemadethedifficultdecisiontoconsolidateourmanufacturingfootprintbymigratingNingbooperationstoourexpandedfacilityinHoChiMinhCity.Thismoveisdrivenbythreestrategicimperatives:escalatingtariffexposure,theneedforgeographicdiversification,andproximitytokeysuppliers.Werecognizetheuncertaintythiscreates.Therefore,wehavedesigneda15-monthtransitionroadmap.Employeeswhorelocatewillreceivevisasponsorship,relocationallowancesequivalenttofourmonths’salary,andVietnamese-languagetraining.Forthosewhoremain,wearenegotiatingwithtwolocalelectronicsmanufacturerstofacilitatepriorityinterviews,andourHRteamwillproviderésuméworkshopsplussix-monthcareer-placementsupport.ProductionwilltaperinfourphasesbeginningnextMarch,ensuringuninterruptedcustomerdeliveries.Adedicatedhotline(ext.8888)andweeklytown-hallswillrunthroughoutthetransition.Yourcontributionshavebeenpivotal,andwearecommittedtotreatingeveryonewithtransparency,dignity,andrespect.Thankyouforyourprofessionalismduringthischallengingperiod.Sincerely,LiWenDirector,Asia-PacificStrategyPartVICaseAnalysis（20分）案例材料：FastFit,amid-sizeapparelretailerwith180stores,launchedanAI-drivendemand-forecastingengineintendedtoreducestock-outsandmarkdowns.Aftera12-monthpilot,datashowedthatinventoryturnoverimprovedby8%,butgrossmargindeclinedby3%.Storemanagerscomplainedthatthealgorithmunderestimatedsize-levelgranularityforplus-sizecustomers,leadingtolostsalesandbrandbacklashonsocialmedia.Meanwhile,thefinanceteamdiscoveredthattheAImodel’ssafety-stockparametersweretunedtooptimizecashconversionattheexpenseofshelfavailabilityduringviraltrends.TheCIOarguedthatthealgorithmwastechnicallysoundandblamed“userresistance,”whilemerchandisersdemandedarollbacktomanualforecasting.任务：用英文撰写一份300词左右的内部备忘录，诊断问题根源，提出三项可操作的改进方案，并说明如何衡量成功。MemorandumTo:ExecutiveCommitteeFrom:StrategicAnalyticsOfficeDate:15June2025Subject:FastFitAIForecastPost-Mortem&RemediationProblemDiagnosis1.MisalignedKPIs:Themodeloptimizedcashconversion,conflictingwithmerchandising’smargintarget.2.DataBias:Trainingsetunder-representedplus-sizetransactions,yieldingsize-levelblindspots.3.ChangeManagement:Storemanagersreceivedtwo-hourZoomtrainingbutlackedfeedbackchannels,fuelingresistance.RemediationPlanA.Dual-ObjectFunctionRevisionIncorporategross-margincontributio