重庆中考英语阅读理解题型特点及解题技巧专项讲解

2023年重庆中考英语阅读理解题型特点及解题技巧专项讲解阅读理解是英语考试必考题型，主要用于检验学生英语的综合水平和解题能力的高低。每年中考英语试卷中的阅读理解文章内容包括社会热点新闻、科普史地、应用说明、生活故事、名人轶事等。试题形式有判断正误题、选择题和根据短文内容书面回答问题等，这部分成绩直接关系到学生能否在英语学科考试中取得高分。阅读文章应遵循由整体到细节的原则，按“全文、段落、句子、词语”的步骤阅读文章。可采用速读、细读和复读的三步法找到最佳答案。1.先看题干，带着问题读文章即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，明确提问指向。弄清问题是针对一句话还是一段话设计的，还是要求理解整篇文章的中心思想，给文章确定标题，判断事情发展的先后顺序、地理位置和相互关系等。根据不同的提问指向，确定不同的阅读范围，提取信息或线索进行逻辑推理。其次，要分清问题是表层信息题还是深层理解题。表层信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案，而深层理解题考查的是对文章的感情基调、作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深层次的推理。最后，猜读理解题干及选项包含的信息。注意题干的主语、疑问词及重要的谓语，留意问句中的五个W（即who,what,when,where,why）和How等问题。然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，整合、甄别、分析、对比，筛选、提炼，形成概念，得出结论。先看题干、带着问题读文章的方法，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间。这种方法适于归纳文章中心思想、段落大意、选择恰当标题及排列事件发生的顺序等问题，特别适用于图形、表格类题材。2.速读全文，了解大意和主题阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效地吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，寻找关键词、主题句，捕捉时间、空间顺序，掌握情节、人物、观点，从而了解文章大意，明确文章主题。在平时阅读时，可为自己限定时间。养成习惯之后，对时间就能自然而然地掌控好。抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后，此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。而用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说，这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。作者为文，有脉可循。记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，如：thatistosay,aboveall,especially,mainly等，从而理顺文章的思路与脉络。3.详读细节，掌握细节内容详读应为细品，不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些标记，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因划出来。如：每逢人物就圈起来，看完之后数一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。经过这样处理，对文章的内容和细节便清楚无误了。4.逻辑推理，做好深层理解题在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动，它必须忠实于原文，要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基础。5.猜词悟义，扫除阅读障碍。阅读理解常考查根据上下文猜测词义能力。这类题目要求我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过上下文的理解等知识来推断词义。介绍几种常用方法：1）构词知识法：Tomdisagreedwiththecaptainaboutthis.前缀dis-表示否定，据此disagree意为“不同意”。2）定义法：Acenturyisahundredyears.ahundredyears解释了century的意思是“百年”或“世纪”。3)同位法：Bananas,oranges,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.coconuts是生词，我们可以从这个词在句中所处的位置来判断它的大致意思。不难看出coconuts和bananas及oranges是同位关系，同属fruit一类，因此它是一种水果。4）因果关系法:Thelittlegirlwastheonlygrandchildinthefamily.Shewastheappleofhergrandparent’seye.可以得知这个女孩是家中唯一的孙女，因而是祖父母的“掌上明珠”。5）同义或反义法:Hehadbeengettingbetter,butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.句中but提示我们deteriorated多半是getbetter的反义，因此可以大致确定它的意思是“恶化”。6）上下文信息法:Makehaywhilethesunshines.Themarketisgoodnow,don’tmissthechance.Makehaywhilethesunshines的字面意思是“趁天气好赶快晒草”，通过下文所给的信息，现在的销路好，不要错过机会，可以得知它比喻的是“抓住时机”。6.巧用排除法答题，注意检验答案。排除以下选项：1）与文中陈述的事实相反的选项；2）文中完全没有提到的内容的选项；3）与全文内容或句子意义不沾边的选项；4）不合情理或荒谬的选项；5）表示间接或次要因素的选项。在速读、细读和复读中，复读检查尤为重要，一定要趁热打铁，及时复查，通过复读来审视、推敲答案，发现错误、遗漏，及时补充，以确保选取项无漏、无疑、无误，提高答题准确率。经典专练一、阅读理解。阅读下列材料,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。（一）Everymonth,Juliaandhercousinswouldgoforthebigfamilymealattheirgrandparents’house.Oneachvisit,theirgrandpawouldgivethemafewcoins.Thenallthechildrenwouldrunofftobuysweets.Oneday,hegatheredthechildrentogether.Hesaid,“Let’shaveacompetitiontoseewhocanmanagemoneywisely.Attheendofthisyear,tellmehowyou’veusedyourmoney.”RubenandNico,thetwosmallestkids,continuedspendingtheirmoneyallonsweets.Everytime,theywouldshowofftheirsweetsinfrontoftheotherchildren.ThismadeClaraandJoesoangrythat

thesetwo

couldnolongerkeepsavingtheirmoney.TheysoonjoinedRubenandNico.Montywasacleverboy.Hedecidedtomanagehismoneybybuyingandsellingthings.Soonhemadealotofmoneywithlittleeffort.Thewayhewasgoing,hewouldendupalmostarichman.However,hebegantospendhismoneyonmoreandmoreexpensivethingsforhimself.Afewmonthslater,hehadn’tasinglepenny（便士）left.Alexsavedandsavedallthecoinshewasgiven,andattheendoftheyearhehadcollectedmoremoneythananyone.Hewastheclearwinner.TherewasalsoJulia.PoorJuliahadn’tapennyonthedayofthecompetition.Shehadspentallhercoinsonhersecretplan.Juliaknewapoorviolinistwhoplayedinthepark,andsheofferedhimallthecoinsforhisviolinlessons.Althoughitwasn’tmuchmoney,onseeingJulia’sexcitement,theviolinistagreed.Alittleafterayeartheviolinistloanedheraviolinsotheytwocouldplaytogetherinthepark.Theyweresosuccessfulthatshemanagedtobuyherownviolin.Evenbetter,shelaterbecameaveryfamousviolinist.1.Whydidthechildren’sgrandpasuggestthecompetitiontothem?A.Toencouragethemtowincompetitions.B.Toteachthemhowtomanagetheirmoney.C.Totellthemmoneywasimportanttothem.D.Toknowwhowasthecleverestchildinthefamily.2.Theunderlinedwords“thesetwo”in

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referto（指的是）________.A.ClaraandJoeB.RubenandNicoC.MontyandAlexD.AlexandJulia3.WhatcanwelearnfromJulia’sstory?A.Getrichslow,orgetpoorfast.B.Littleeffortalwaysbringsmuchmoney.C.Alittlemoneywellspentcanhelprealizeyourdreams.D.Itisnotwiseofyoutospendallthemoneyyou'vegot.(二）Joeywashappybecausehehadmanyspecialfriendsfoursquirrels(松鼠),tworabbits,andmanycolorfulbirds.Atthemealtime,thesewildanimalscameneartothefamilyandtheywouldfeedthesespecialfriends.Inthelargeyardstoodthirteentreesofdifferentsizes.Oneday,whileJoeywasplayingwithhissisterunderthetrees,henoticedthatatreetrunk(树干)hadasadlook.Heranintothehousetotellhismomaboutit.ShetoldJoeytofindthereasonwhyitwassad.SoJoeywentintotheyard,rantothesadtreeandasked,“Whyareyouunhappy?”“Iamthesmallesttreearound.Thebirdsdon’tflytome.Therabbitsdon’teatgrassunderme.Thesquirrelsdon’tclimbtomytop.Nobodyneedsmeorlovesme,”repliedthesadtree.Afterknowingthereason,thefamilyhadameeting.Joeysuggestedmakingaseatunderthesadtree.Joey’sfathersaidhecouldhelpmakeaseataroundthetree.Thefamilywouldsitunderthetreeandthetreewouldn’tfeelsadanymore.WhenJoeytoldhisspecialfriendsthetreewassad,theydecidedtodowhattheycouldtohelpmakethesadtreehappyagain.Earlythenextmorning,whenJoeywokeup,henoticedbirdssinginghappilyinthelittletreeandsawsquirrelsrunningupanddowninit.Rabbitswereeatingthefreshgrassaroundthetree.Thelittletreewashappyagain.Joeyraninsidetotellthegoodnewstohisfamily.Joey’smotherandfatherwentintotheyardandsawthehappytree.“Let’sstarttobuildtheseatsaroundthetrees.Iwillneedhelptobuildthem.Getthenails(钉子)forme,Joey,”saidthefather.“Icanhelpyouholdthenails,Dad,”saidJoey’ssister.4.Whydidthetreefeelsad?A.BecauseJoeydidn’ttalktoit.B.Becauseitthoughtnoonelikedit.C.Becauseitwastheonlytreeintheyard.D.BecauseJoey’ssisterdidn’tplaywithit.5.Whatisthecorrectorderaccordingtothetext?a.Joeywenttofindoutwhythetreewassad.b.Joey’sspecialfriendsdecidedtohelpthetree.c.Joeyfoundatreeunhappywhenhewasplaying.d.Joey’sfatherstartedtobuildtheseatsaroundthetrees.e.Joey’sfamilydiscussedhowtomakethesadtreehappy.A.a-b-d-c-e

B.b-a-c-e-d

C.c-a-e-b-d

D.d-c-a-b-e6.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Thedifficultybroughtthefamilytogether.B.Lovehelpedthetreebecomehappyagain.C.Thespecialfriendswerethankfultothetree.D.Thetreespreadhappinesstoeveryonearoundit.7.Whatisthetext?A

Astory.

B.Apoem.

C.Aninterview.

D.Anintroduction.（三）Over100yearsago,thefutureleadersoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),includingChenDuxiu,foundedthefirstcommunistorganizationinShanghai.Atthattime,manyyoungpeoplewenttotheofficeofLaJeunesse（《新青年》）magazine-thecenteroftheNewCultureMovement-tolookforadviceonhowtosavethecountryandthepeople.Chen,founderofthemagazineandleaderofthemovement,gavethemawarmwelcome.InAugust1920,ChenaskedYuXiusongtostartthefirstSocialistYouthLeague（SYL,社会主义青年团）.Yubecamesecretaryoftheleague.Toeducatemoreyoungpeople,theleaguebuilttheinstituteandofferedlanguagecourses.Aswellaslearningforeignlanguages，studentswouldalsostudyTheCommunistManifesto（《共产党宣言》）,whichpavedthewayforthebirthoftheCPC.ItstranslatorChenWangdao,thenalsoaprofessorofFudanUniversity,deliveredlectures.Inthe1920s,revolutionarypioneersincludingMaoZedong

established

SYLsinkeycities.ThefirstnationalcongressoftheSocialistYouthLeagueofChinawasheldinGuangzhoufromMay5to10in1922,markingitsofficialfounding.In1925,theorganizationchangeditsnametotheCommunistYouthLeagueofChina(CYLC).AlmosteveryyearinMay,hundredsofteenagersgatheratTuanyidaSquareinGuangzhou.Theytakeanoath（宣誓）tobecomemembersoftheCYLC.Thesquare,nowasiteforpatriotic（爱国的）educationforyoungpeople,iswheretheCYLCwasborn.Now,theCYLCnationalcongresstakesplaceeveryfiveyears.ThelatestwasheldinBeijingin2018.Thisyearmarksthe100thanniversaryofthefoundingoftheCYLC.TheCYLCwasbornduringthewarandgotoveralotofdifficultiesinthepastcentury.8.WhoisthefounderofLaJeunesseandleaderoftheNewCultureMovement?A.MaoZedong

B.YuXiusong

C.ChenWangdao

D.ChenDuxiu9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“established”inParagraph4meaninChinese?A.发行

B.认可

C.查实

D.建立10.Whatistherightorderofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtothepassage?a.ThelatestCYLCnationalcongresswasheldinBeijing.b.TheSocialistYouthLeagueofChinachangeditsnametotheCYLC.c.ChenDuxiuaskedYuXiusongtostartthefirstSocialistYouthLeague.d.ThefirstnationalcongressoftheSocialistYouthLeagueofChinawasheldinGuangzhou.A.a-d-c-b

B.a-b-d-c

C.c-d-b-a

D.d-b-c-a11.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.HowtheCommunistPartyofChinawasfounded.B.HowtheCommunistYouthLeagueofChinawasfounded.C.HowtheCommunistYouthLeaguepavedthewayforthebirthoftheCPC.D.HowthestudentsintheCommunistYouthLeagueofChinalearnedforeignlanguages.参考答案（一）本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个老人教导孙辈如何理财的故事。子主题为“货币常识,理财意识,理性消费信用维护”1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Let’shaveacompetitiontoseewhocanmanagemoneywisely.”可知爷爷/外公建议进行比赛是为了教育他们要明智地花钱。2.A代词指代题。根据上文的“ThismadeClaraandJoesoangry”可知,thesetwo指代Clara和Joe。3.