Unit 1 Time to Relax Section B 知识清单 人教版新教材八年级英语下册

1/11Unit1TimetoRelaxSectionBHowcanahobbyimproveyourlife?知识点一、单元词汇单词SectionB1.v.减少2.n.精神压力，紧张3.n.瑜伽4.n.物品，宾语5.n.教练，指导者6.adj.意大利的，意大利人的，意大利语的n.意大利人，意大利语7.n.程序设计员8.v.使...成为可能，允许9.n.感觉，感官10.n.成就11.n.硬币12.n.邮票13.adj.青少年的14.n.明信片15.adv.相当，更准确地说16.adj.过时的，守旧的17.adj.外国的，国外的18.n.建议，提议19.n.失败20.v.激励，鼓舞21.adj.严厉的，严格的22.adv.出人意料地，惊人地23.n.舞台，阶段24.adv.重要地短语SectionB1.缓解压力，减少压力2.学习一项新技能3.对有好处4.消磨时间，打发时间5.冷静，镇定6.体力爱好，身体运动类爱好7.保持健康8.比如，例如9.同时10.制作手机应用程序11.成就感12.张贴，建造,举起13.梦想，想象14.未来，将来15.开始从事，开始做，占据16擅长，善于17.发现你创造性的一面18.克服我的恐惧19.到目前为止20.数以百计的21.在舞台上22.毕竟23.看电影24.看功夫电影25.听音乐26.担忧，担心27.全家外出游玩二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲SectionB【考点1】Whenworkorschoolisover，whatdoyoudotopassthetime？【解析】（1）pass动词过去式：passed走过，通过，进过Ipassedhiminthestreetbuthedidn'tsayhello.我在街上从他身旁进过，可他没打招呼。②把递过，把...递给...常见搭配：passsb.sth=passsthtosb.Passmethesalt，please.Passthesalttome，please.③(时间）推移，逝去，消磨，度过Sixmonthspassedandwestillhadnonewsofthem.半年了，我们仍然没有他的消息。Howdidyoupasstheevening？你怎么打发那个晚上的？④及格，合格Shehasn’tpassedherdrivingtest.她还没通过驾考。【拓展】pass还可做名词aboardingpass登机牌Youneedapasstogetintothefactory.你需要通行证才能进厂。【考点2】Readingorlisteningtomusiccanhelpustocalmdownafterabusyday.【解析】(1)动名词作主语指动名词是由动词原形加

-ing

构成，它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征。当动名词在句子中承担主语这一成分时，就叫做动名词作主语。①可以由动名词单独作主语，如Swimmingisgoodforyourhealth.②动名词构成的短语作主语，如Collectingstampsfromdifferentcountriesisachallengingbutinterestingtask.③用

it

作形式主语，动名词作真正主语的情况,当动名词作主语的句子较长，或者为了避免句子头重脚轻时，常用“it”作形式主语，将真正的主语动名词后置。常见的句型有：Itis+nouse/nogood/useless+doingsthItis+awasteoftime+doingsth(2)动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的区别:表达含义的侧重点不同：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的、一般性的行为或经验；而动词不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的行为或未发生的动作。例如“Readingaloudishelpfulforlearninglanguages.（大声朗读对学习语言有帮助）”，这里用动名词“Readingaloud”作主语，强调的是大声朗读这种一般性的学习行为；“Toreadthisbooktonightismyplan.（今晚读这本书是我的计划）”，用动词不定式“Toreadthisbooktonight”作主语，强调的是今晚具体要做的这一次读书的动作。（3）主谓一致问题动名词作主语时，无论其结构是动名词单独作主语还是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词都要用单数形式。Playingcomputergamesforalongtimemakeshimfeeltired.【考点3】Physicalhobbies,suchasplayingtennisordoingYoga，canhelpustokeepfit.【解析】(1).suchas与forexample的区别核心区别：forexample后接完整句子（需用逗号隔开，可放句首/中/末），suchas后接名词/短语（无逗号，仅放被举例成分后）。

forexample：举例更独立，“比如”，例：Ilovefruits—forexample,applesaremyfavorite.suchas：举例是整体的一部分，“像……这样的”，例：Ilovefruitssuchasapplesandbananas.

核心差异对比维度forexamplesuchas引出内容一个完整的句子或具体实例名词或名词性短语位置灵活性非常灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末相对固定，必须紧跟在其所说明的概括性词语之后逗号使用通常需要逗号与主句隔开（作为插入语）其后一般不加逗号核心功能举例论证一个观点或情况罗列同类事物中的几个例子Wehaveseveraldifferentlessonseveryday,suchasChinese,maths,English,andsoon.我们每天上不同的课，如语文，数学，英语等。Jimisakindperson,forexample,heoftenhelpsothersintrouble.吉姆是一个好心人，例如，他经常帮助陷入困境的人。(2).fit常见用法：作形容词，比较级fitter，最高级fittest①合适的，适合的常见搭配:befitfor适合...befittodosthDoyouthinkheisfitforthejob？你认为他适合这项工作吗？Thehousearenotfittolivein.②健康的，健壮的（尤指固定定期锻炼）Myfamilykeepfitbywalking我家人通过散步来保持健康。作动词，过去式：fitted现在分词：fitting①（形状，尺寸）合身，适合Ican’tfindtheclothestofitme.我找不到合身的衣服。②可容纳，装进Canyoufitonemorepersoninthecar？你车上能再做一个人吗？做名词,适合，合身agoodfit合身【考点4】Instead，thisItalianteenagerfindsitfuntomakemobilephoneapps.【解析】(1)instead和insteadof的用法区分：instead和insteadof都可以译成“代替”，区别是：instead只能单独使用，常位于句首或者句尾。insteadof后面要跟名词、动名词、代词或者介词短语。Heisverytired,letmegoinstead.他很累，让我去吧。Shallwehavefishinsteadofeggstoday?我们今天不吃鸡蛋改吃鱼好吗？（2）sb.findit+adj.todosth.某人发现做某事是，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式，形容词作宾语补足语。IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.我发现学好英语很难。拓展：当句子的“真正宾语”（通常是不定式todo、动名词doing或宾语从句）太长时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，用it代替真正宾语，放在谓语动词后，而真正宾语移到句子末尾。IfinditeasytolearnEnglishwithstudypartners.（我发现和学习伙伴一起学英语很容易）（真正宾语为不定式）Hefindsitfunprogramminginhisfreetime.（他发现在空闲时间编程很有趣（真正主语为动名词）Wethinkitapitythathedidn’tjointheEnglishclub.（我们认为他没加入英语俱乐部很遗憾。）（真正宾语为一个句子）常有此用法的动词：find（发现）、think（认为）、feel（觉得）、consider（认为）、make（使）、believe（相信）、regard（把……看作）等。Shethinksitimportanttopracticespeakingeveryday.（她认为每天练习口语很重要。）Lucamakesithishobbytomakemobilephoneapps.（卢卡把制作手机应用程序当作自己的爱好。）【考点5】Hestartedprogrammingwhenhewasten,afterhereadaboutfamousbusinessmenwhostartedoutasprogrammers【解析】1.startout的用法：①起初是；开始时是（表身份、状态的初始阶段）常见搭配：startoutas+身份Shestartedoutasapainter,butlatershefellinlovewithmakingmobilephoneapps.（她起初是一名画家，但后来爱上了制作手机应用程序。）②着手做；开始进行常见搭配：startouttodosth.IstartedouttolearnEnglishwhenIwas6yearsold.（我6岁时就开始学英语了。)2.whostartedoutasprogrammers，此句who为一个关系代词，代替前面的businessman，为定语从句。【考点6】HislatestappallowspeoplearoundtheworldtofindstudypartnersforlearningItalian.【解析】allow准许，允许动词，过去式:allowedallowsb.todosth.允许某人作某事Hisparentswon’tallowhimtostayoutlate.他父母不允许他在外面待到很晚。allowdoingsth允许作某事Ourschooldoesn'tallowusingmobilephonesatschool.【考点7】Itgivesmesuchasenseofachievementtoseepeopleusingtheapp.【解析】(1)sense作名词，①感觉官能（即视，听，嗅，味，触觉）五觉asenseofsmell嗅觉asixthsense第六感②感觉，意识asenseofhumour幽默感作动词，感觉到，意识到，察觉出Hesensedsomethingmoveinbushes.他觉得灌木林里有什么东西动弹。achievement名词，成就，功绩thegreatestscientificachievement最伟大的科技成就【拓展】achieve动词形式实现，获得，达到Hefinallyachievedsuccess.他最终取得了成功。【考点8】shelikeditsomuchthatsheputituponherbedroomwall【解析】1.so...that的用法：①so+形容词（adj.）+that+从句Themobilephoneappissousefulthatmanystudentsuseittostudy.（这款手机应用如此实用，以至于很多学生用它学习）②so+副词（adv.）+that+从句Hestudiessohardthathealwaysgetsgoodgrades.（他学习如此努力，以至于总能取得好成绩。）③so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that+从句（修饰单数名词）ItissointerestingabookthatIreadittwice.（这是一本如此有趣的书，以至于我读了两遍。④so+many/few+可数名词复数+that...（修饰数量）Thereweresomanypeoplethatwecouldn'tgetin.（人太多了，我们进不去。）nso+much/little+不可数名词+that...（修饰数量）hehassomuchworkthatshehastoworkovertime.（她有这么多工作，以至于必须加班。）putup的用法：①张贴；公布（海报/通知/照片等）Sheputupherfavoritesinger’sphotoonthewallofherbedroom.（她把最喜欢的歌手照片贴在卧室墙上。②举起；抬起（手/物品等）putupone’shand（举手，固定搭配）Heputuphisbagtoprotecthisheadfromtherain.（他举起书包保护头部不被雨淋。）③搭建；建造（帐篷/架子/房屋等）Weputupatentbythelakewhenwewentcampinglastweekend.（上周末露营时，我们在湖边搭起了帐篷。）【考点9】Thatsoundsfun,butI'mworriedaboutnotbeinggoodatit.【解析】1.worry的用法：作动词，过去式：worried，现在分词:worrying.①不及物动词，worryaboutsth./sb.结构：主语+worryabout+名词/代词/动名词（doing）HeworriesaboutfailingtheEnglishexam,sohestudieshardeveryday.（他担心英语考试不及格，所以每天努力学习）Sheoftenworriesaboutherstudypartnersinforeigncountries.(她经常担心国外的学习伙伴)②作及物动词,worrysb.（使某人担心）结构：主语+worry+宾语（人）Yourlatearrivalworriedyourparentsverymuch.（你迟到让父母非常担心。)作名词①不可数名词：worry（担心；忧虑）withworry（带着忧虑）/withoutworry（无忧无虑）Hefacedtheexamwithoutworrybecausehepreparedwell.（他毫无忧虑地面对考试，因为准备充分。→学习话题）②可数名词：worries（烦心事；担忧的事，复数）MymainworriesareEnglishgrammarandspeaking—soIpracticeeveryday.（我主要的烦恼是英语语法和口语，所以我每天练习。）形容词形式：worried结构：beworriedaboutsth./sbIamworriedaboutmyEnglishexam—canyouhelpme?（我担心我的英语考试，你能帮我吗？【考点10】Ishouldgetovermyfearoffailureandjusttrytohavefun.【解析】（1）failure失败，失败的人或是事情，（机器，身体等）故障，失灵等Thesuccessorfailureoftheplandependsonyou.计划的成功取决于你。Shediedofheartfailure.她死于心脏衰竭。【拓展】fail动词，失败，未能做到，不及格常见搭配：failtodosth未能作到某事，做某事失败Hefailedtogetintoartcollege.他未能进入艺术学院。Howmanystudentsfailedlastterm？上个学期，多少学生不及格？（2）havefun玩的开心，相当于haveagoodtimehavefun(in)doingsth做某事很开心Thechildrenhadgreatfun(in)playingwithsnow.【考点11】Oneofthepeoplewhoinspiresmethemostismydance__【解析】inspire作动词，过去式：inspired现在分词：inspiring核心含义有两个：激励；鼓舞（使某人有动力做某事）；启发；赋予灵感（使某人产生想法、创意）名词：inspiration（灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事）；形容词：inspired（受激励的；有灵感的，修饰人）inspiring（令人激励的；鼓舞人心的，修饰事物①inspiresth.（产生/激发某物)Thebeautifulsceneryduringthetripinspiredmanyofhispoems.（旅行中的美景激发了他的很多诗作。)②inspiresb.todosth.（激励/启发某人做某事）Thefamousprogrammer’sstoryinspiredhimtolearnprogramming.（那位著名程序员的故事启发他学习编程）【考点12】Ididn'twanttotalktomyinstructoraboutitbecauseheseemedverystrict.【解析】(1)seem动词，好像，似乎，看来seem+adj,似乎，好像Youseemhappy.你似乎很高兴seemtodosth似乎，好像Mymotherseemstolikeyou.我妈妈似乎喜欢你。Itseems/seemedthat似乎...，好像...Itseemsthattheyknowwhattheyaredoing.看来，他们知道自己在干什么。④seemlike好像，似乎Itseemedlikeagoodideaatthetime.当时，似乎是一个好主意。（2）strict形容词，严厉的，严格的bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格Lily'sparentsareverystrictwithher.丽丽的父母对她要求十分严格。bestrictaboutsth对某事要求严格bestrictinsth.较少用Myparentswantmetostudyhardandarestrictaboutmyhomework.我父母希望我能努力学习并对我的作业要求很严。过关检测一.单项选择1.Whydoyoulearnpaintingasyourhobby?Becauseitcanhelpme_____stress.createB.reduceC.improveD.calm2.Wouldyouplease_____thesalttome?OK,hereitis.ApassBborrowCdevelopDbelieve3._______isagoodwaytorelaxinyourfreetime.A.ListentomusicB.Listeningtomusic

C.Listenstomusic

D.Tolisteningtomusic4.Weneedto______asigntotellpeoplenottoswimintheriver.A.takeup

B.getup

C.putup

D.putdown5.Canwebringmobilephonestoschool?No.Ourschooldoesn'tallow______mobilephonesatschool.AusingBusedCuseDuses6.Thankyouforgivingmesome________，it’susefultosolvetheproblem.A.suggestions

B.suggestC.suggestion

D.advices

7.Itissunnytomorrow，andIwillridemybike________takingthebus.AinsteadBinsteadofCreplaceDrather8.Therearemanykindsofpollution,________,noiseisakindofpollution.

A.like

B.suchas

C.forexampleDsofar9.Thereare_______studentsinourschooland______ofthemaregirls.A.hundredsof,twohundred

B.hundredof,twohundreds

C.hundredsof,twohundredsDhundredoftwohundred10.Aslongasyouapologize(道歉）sincerely,shewillprobablyforgive（原谅）you________!Iwilltalktoherlater.AYouarerightBYouarewelcomeCDon’tmentionitDGooddeal二单词填空1.Thechildrenareatdifferents_______(阶段）ofdevelopment.2.Therearesomany_______(严格的，严厉的）rulesforustofollow.3.Shefearedthe_______(失败）inexams.4.Hedecidedtolearna_______(国外的）language.5.Hiswifewanttoi_______(激励）hishusbandtowriteapoemforher.6.Somet______(青少年的）magazinesareonthetable.Hehasbeencollecting______(邮票）sincehewaseight.Youcanbea____(程序设计人员）ifyouareinterestedITtechnologies.Theshelveswerefilledwith____（物体）ofallshapesandsizes.Ididn’tfailtheexam，infactIdidr_（相当）well.完形填空Notonlyadultsbutalsoteenagershaveproblemsintheirlife.Hereisasurveyshowingthemainproblemsof1

.Theyfeelstressedbecausetheyhave2

homeworktodobothatschoolandathome.Theyhavelotsofexams3

.Andparentsusuallysendthem4

differentclassesatweekends.Asaresult,somanyofthemalmostbecomebookworms(书虫).Onholidays,theycouldhardlyhave5

timetodowhattheyareinterestedin.Nowmoreandmoreteenagers6

short-sighted(近视）.Theyoftenreadinbedorkeep7

foralongtimewithouthavingarest.Someofthemarecrazyaboutplayingcomputergames.Some8

toomuchwatchingTV.9

seriousproblemamongteenagersisthatmanyofthemarebecomingfat.Theyeattoomuchjunkfood,buttheytakelittleexercise.Ithinkteenagersshouldthinkofwaysonhowto10

theproblem.Theyshouldmakeaplanforstudyandhobbiesandfindtimetorelaxasmuchaspossible.1. A.adult B.adults C.teenager D.teenagers2. A.toomany B.toomuch C.muchtoo D.manytoo3. A.join B.tobetaken C.totake D.tojoin4. A.to B.for C.of D.in5. A.ourown B.theirown C.hisown D.theyown6. A.getting B.aregetting C.got D.arebecome7. A.red B.read C.toread D.reading8. A.pay B.cost C.spend D.take9. A.Another B.Other C.Others D.Some10. A.doingwith B.dowith C.dealingwith D.dealwith三.阅读理解AManypeoplehavehobbies.Somelikereading,someenjoyswimming,andotherslovepainting.Myhobbyisgardening.Ithinkitisafunandrelaxingactivity.Istartedgardeningwithmygrandmothertwoyearsago.Shehasasmallgardeninherbackyard.Atfirst,Ijusthelpedherwatertheplants.Now,Ihavemyownlittlecornerinthegarden.Igrowflowerslikesunflowersandroses.Ialsogrowsomevegetables,suchastomatoesandcarrots.Gardeningisnotverydifficult,butitneedspatience.Iwatermyplantseveryday.Ialsoneedtoremoveweedsandmakesuretheplantsgetenoughsunlight.Sometimes,insectseattheleaves,soIhavetofindnaturalwaystokeepthemaway.IfeelveryhappywhenIseetheflowersbloomorwhenIcaneatthevegetablesIgrow.Gardeningteachesmeaboutnatureandtheimportanceofhardwork.Itmakesmefeelclosetotheearth.Ilovespendingtimeinmygarden.Itismyfavoritethingtodoafterschool.Whatisthewriter'shobby?A.ReadingB.SwimmingC.GardeningD.PaintingWhodidthewriterstartgardeningwith?

A.HermotherB.HerteacherC.HerfriendD.HergrandmotherWhatdoesthewriterNOTdoforherplants?

A.Waterthemeveryday.B.Removeweeds.

C.Makesuretheygetenoughsunlight.D.Usestrongchemicalstokillinsects.Howdoesthewriterfeelwhensheseestheflowersbloom?

A.Sadandtired.B.Happyandexcited.C.Boredandimpatient.D.Angryandworried.Puttheseeventsinthecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage.

a.Thewriterhasherowncornerinthegarden.

b.Thewriterhelpedhergrandmotherwaterplants.

c.Thewritergrowsflowersandvegetables.

A.a-b-cB.b-a-cC.c-b-aD.b-c-aBRunningisbecomingpopularthesedays.Manyofusrunforhealth.Doctorssaymanyhealthproblemscomefromthesebadhabits:eatinganddrinkingtoomuch,smoking,andnottakingenoughexercise.Doctorstellus,"Eatanddrinkless,don'tsmoke,andexercisemore."Runningisagoodformofexercisebecauseithelpsbuildastrongheart.Italsohelpsmostpeopleloseweight.