江苏省南通市和镇江市丹阳2024-2025学年高一上学期期末联考英语试题（含答案）

第第页江苏省南通市和镇江市丹阳2024-2025学年高一上学期期末联考英语试题一、ACommonwealthShortStoryPrize2024The2024CommonwealthShortStoryPrizeisnowclosedforentries(参赛作品)andthejudgingprocessisunderway.Theshortlistandtheregional(地区的)winnerswillbeannouncedinJanuary2025,andtheoverallwinnernextmonth.Wewouldliketothankthe7,359writerswhomailed8,000+shortstories.Thisyear'sjudgingteamJenniferNansubugaMakumbi(Chair)JenniferNansubugaMakumbiwroteTheFirstWoman(2020),whichin2021wontheJhalakPrize.KeletsoMopai(Judge,AfricaRegion)KeletsoMopaiisaSouthAfricanwriterandscientist.OThiamChin(Judge,AsiaRegion)OThiamChinisashortstorywriterandscreenwriterfromSingapore.ShashiBhat(Judge,CanadaandEuropeRegion)ShashiBhatistheeditor-in-chiefofEVENTmagazineandteachescreativewritingatDouglasCollege.MelissaLucashenko(Judge,PacificRegion)MelissaLucashenkohaswonaWalkleyAwardforherwriting.RichardGeorges(Judge,Caribbean(加勒比海的)Region)RichardGeorgesisawriterofshortstoriesandthreecollectionsofpoetry.PrizesTheregionalwinnersreceive£2,500andtheoverallwinnerreceivesatotalof£5,000.Thewinningstoriesarepublishedonlinebygrantaandinaspecialprintcollection.Theshortlistedstoriesarepublishedinadda,theonlinemagazineoftheCommonwealthFoundation.1．WhatdoweknowabouttheCommonwealthShortStoryPrize2024?A．ItwillbeheldinSingapore.B．Itwillsaynotoregionalwriters.C．Over8,000entriesarebeingjudged.D．Thesigningupprocesshasnotstarted.2．WhoisthejudgeforcompetitorsinIndia?A．ShashiBhat. B．OThiamChin.C．KeletsoMopai. D．MelissaLucashenko.3．Whatwillthewinnersget?A．Acashprizeof£2,500. B．Amedalgivenbyadda.C．Abookwrittenbythechair. D．Achancetobeapublishedwriter.二、BForWinnieHarlowofToronto,Canada,herunusualskinconditioncausedherunlimitedsadnessfromthekidsshegrewupwith.Winniewasdiagnosed(诊断)withvitiligo(白瘢风)whenshewasjustfouryearsold.Beingdislikedreallyworriedherandaftershewasforcedtochangeschoolsseveraltimes,sheeventuallydroppedoutofhighschool.EverythingstartedtochangeforWinniewhenAmericansupermodelandTVpersonalityTyraBanksdiscoveredheronInstagram.TyrainstantlyrecognizedWinnie'smodelqualities.What'smore,shewasabletoseewhatallthosechildhoodclassmatescouldnot—Winnie'suniqueskincoloursetherapartinagoodway.TyraaskedWinnietobecomethefirstCanadiancompetitoron"America'sNextTopModel."TheshowbuiltupWinnie'sconfidenceandshegrewmorecomfortablewithherdifferentlook."Youjustmightnotbeawareofthatuniquenessifyou'retoobusybeingself-critical.Ihadtorelearnhowtolovemyselfbyforgettingtheopinionsofeveryoneelseandfocusingonmyopinionofmyself,"Winniesaid.Today,youcanfindWinnieperformingontherunwayatLondonFashionWeek,showingconfidencefromheadtotoe,andonthepagesofthetopfashionmagazines.She'salsoapublicspeaker.Sheadvocatesallthatmakespeopleunique,inspiringotherstorecognizethatbeautycomesinallshapes,sizes,andcolors.Whatshesaidinaninterviewreflectedherpsychology."Iffate(命运)wantedmetobeblack,I'dbeblack.Iffatewantedmetobewhite,I'dbewhite.Butfatechosemetobebothandoriginal.SoIguessthat'sthewayI'msupposedtobe."4．WhatdoweknowaboutWinnie'searlylife?A．Herfamilymovedacoupleoftimes.B．Shewasunfairlytreatedbyherclassmates.C．Herhealthissuesoftenkeptherawayfromschool.D．Shewenttohospitalforthefirsttimeattheageoffour.5．WhatroledidTyraBanksplayinWinnie'scareer?A．SheintroducedWinnietofashiondesign.B．SheprovidedWinniewithmedicaltreatment.C．SheencouragedWinnietobecomeaTVhost.D．ShediscoveredWinnie'spotentialasamodel.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"advocates"meaninparagraph4?A．Looksinto. B．Standsupfor.C．Arguesagainst. D．Throwsdoubton.7．WhatadvicewouldWinniegivetopeoplewhoareanxiousaboutbeingdifferent?A．Hidetheirdifferences. B．Acceptthemselvesastheyare.C．Trytobecomeamodel. D．Changeopinionsfromothers.三、CYouhearasongwhileyouread.Youhearitwhileyou'retakingatest.Youevenhearitwhileyou'retryingtogotosleep.Youcan'tmakeitstop,andit'sdrivingyoucrazy!Hasthishappenedtoyou?Maybeyouhavesufferedfromanearworm,amemoryofasong!Earwormiscommonandthereareafewtheories(理论)behindit.Thebrainisverysensitivetomusic,accordingtoneurologistOliverSacks,whosaysmusicaffectsuswhetherwepayattentiontoitornot.Sackswondersifthereareearwormstodaybecausewe'resurroundedbymusicallthetimeinoureverydaylives.ResearchontheauditorycortexsupportsSacks'sideas.Theauditorycortexisthepartofthebrainthatdealswithsound.It'sashort-termstoragesystemforsmallamountsofauditory(sound)information.Someofthisauditoryinformationisforgotten,andsomeofitgoesintolong-termmemory.However,songsappeartostayintheauditorycortexforalongtime.JamesKellaris("Dr.Earworm,"assomepeoplecallhim)isaprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofCincinnati.Hethinksthatonlycertaintypesofsongsbecomeearworms.Thesesongshavecertaincharacteristicsthatothersongsdonot.Thecharacteristicsarerepetitiveness,simplicity,andincongruity.Yourbrainpaysalotofattentiontoasongwhicharerepetitive,simpleandincongruous—somethingunexpectedsuchasuneven(不均匀的)beats,Kellarissays.Becauseofthis,asongwhichisrepeatedandunusualstayslongerintheauditorycortex.Nowonder,advertisersoftenusejingles—shortsongsthatareeasytoremembertopromotesales.Isthereanywaytogetridofanearworm?HerearesometipsKellariscollected:Replacetheearwormsongwithanothersong,trytodistractyourselfbydoinganintenseactivitysuchasexercising,ortellsomeoneaboutyourearworm.Whatifnoneofthesestrategieswork?Thenperhapsyoushouldjustsitbackandtrytoenjoythemusicinyourhead!8．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A．Bylistingrules. B．Bydrawingconclusions.C．Bytellingstories. D．Bydescribingexperiences.9．Whyis"auditorycortex"mentionedinparagraph2?A．Toshowwhatearwormsarelike. B．Todiscusshowearwormsaffectus.C．Toexplainwhywegetearworms. D．Totellwhereearwormscomefrom.10．Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobecomeanearworm?A．Asoftringfromthespeakerintheclassroom.B．Aslowsongthatmakesyouthinkinabookshop.C．Apieceofmusicyouhearforashorttimeinthecinema.D．Auniquejinglethatplaysoverandoverinasupermarket.11．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Earworms—thetypicaljinglesB．Earworms—thepowerofmusicC．Earworms—thesongsinyourheadD．Earworms—themusicofeverydaylife四、DAltruists(利他主义者)intheworkplacearemorelikelytohelpfellowworkers,moresatisfiedwithandlesslikelytoleavetheirjob,newresearchbyUW-Madison'sLaFolletteSchoolofPublicAffairsshows.Andtheseworkplacealtruistsenjoyaprettyimportantbenefitthemselves—theyarehappierthanotherworkers."Moreandmoreresearchshowsthepowerofaltruism,"saysLaFolletteprofessorDonaldMoynihan,"butmanypeopleholdtheviewthatwebehavealtruisticallybecauseofhiddenself-interest,suchasthedesiretoimprovehowothersseeus.""Ourfindingsmakeasimplebutimportantpointaboutaltruism:helpingothersmakesushappier.Altruismisnotaformofself-sacrifice(自我牺牲)outofself-interest,butfunctionsformanyaspartofahealthypsychologicalreward(心理奖励)system,"Moynihanexplains.Previousresearchsuggeststhatvolunteeringmakespeoplehappier,butthisnewstudyoffersnewfindings—showingaltruismintheworkenvironmentalsoincreaseshappiness.FundedbytheUW-MadisonCenterforDemographyofHealthandAging,thestudytestedtherelationshipbetweenaltruismintheworkplaceandhappinessintwoways.First,usingtheWisconsinLongitudinalStudyofmorethan10,000Wisconsinhighschoolgraduatesin1957,theauthorsfoundthatindividualsintheirmid-30swhoratedhelpingothersintheirworkasimportantsaidtheywerehappierwiththeirlifewhensurveyedagainalmost30yearslater.ThentheauthorstestedthesamemodelusingtheGeneralSocialSurveyandfoundsimilarconnectionsamongthedesiretohelpothersandhappiness."Thenewresearchaddstothegrowingstudyonhappiness.Inlinewithearlierresearch,publicserviceworkersreportedahigherdesiretohelpothers,buttheeffectofaltruismonhappinesswasthesameforbothpublicandprivateworkers,"Moynihannotes.12．Whatcanwelearnaboutaltruistsaccordingtothenewresearch?A．Theyarelikelytostaylongerinthecompany.B．Theyhavemorechancestobepromoted.C．Theycaremoreaboutothersthanthemselves.D．Theytendtomakeotherworkershappier.13．Manypeoplemistakealtruismas_______.A．somethingleadingtojobsatisfactionB．somethingdrivenbyindividualbenefitsC．somethingconnectedwithself-reflectionD．somethingcenteringaroundothers'happiness14．Howwastheresearchcarriedout?A．Bydoingtwofollow-upsurveys.B．Bystudyingfiguresfromexperiments.C．Byhavinginterviewswithworkers.D．Byrevisingpreviousresearchresults.15．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Altruistsundoubtedlyfeelhappyinhelpingothers.B．Publicworkersareashappyasprivateworkers.C．There'sgrowingconcernontheeffectofaltruism.D．Thenewresearchhasgainedadifferentresult.五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Areyoulookingforeffectivewaystodevelopalastinggoodhabit?Asweallknow,thisprocesscanbechallenging.Butwiththerightstrategies,youcaneasilydevelopgoodhabits.16．.Startbymakingafirmdecision.Findanddecidethespecifichabityouwanttoadopt,andthenremindyourselftocarryitout.Forexample,ifyourgoalistowakeupearlyforexercise,setanalarmtoremindyourselftodoit.17．.Everynewhabitneedstobestrengthenedthroughpractice.Whenyoukeeppracticing,yourbrainstartstoautomate(自动化)theprocess,reducingthementaleffortrequiredtocompletetheactivity.Practiceiswhatturnsapurposefulactionintofirmhabit.Themoreyoupractice,themorenaturalandeffortlessthehabitwillbecome.Seeksupportfromothers.Sharingyourgoalwithfriendsorfamilymemberscanprovideyouwiththeencouragementyouneed.18．.Havingasupportsysteminplacecanmakethehabit-formingprocessmoreenjoyableandsuccessful.Bepersevering(坚持不懈的).Developinganewhabitinyourlifeoftentestsyourperseverance.Beingdevotedtothisprocessmeansgettingoverdifficultiesandkeepingyourcourse.19．.Thenyouwillunderstandthathabitformationisnotanovernightsuccess,butaresultofstickingitout.Giveyourselfsomerewards.Rewardsanytimeandanywherecanplayanimportantroleinstrengtheningyournewhabitpositively.Inthisway,youwillgraduallyconnectthepleasureofreceivingrewardswithpracticingthenewhabit.20．.Eventually,youwilllookforwardtoparticipating(参与)inthenewhabit.A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Improveyourpracticalskills.C.Herearesomemethodsyoucanturnto.D.Forsome,theprocessismuchsimplerandcomesnaturally.E.Thisdevotionensuresthatthehabitgraduallybecomespartofyourlife.F.Theycancelebrateyourprogressandofferadvicewhenyoufacechallenges.G.Theconnectionofthemwillturnintothedrivingforceforyoutocontinuewithit.六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Asaseniorinhighschoolbackinthe1980s,Iwascrazyaboutbaseball.ButIcouldonlytakepartinthesportsbyservingasthestatistician(数据员)asmypoorhealth21．mefromjoininginsuchsports.Asthestatistician,Ienjoyedspendinglotsoftime22．variousstatisticsconnectedwithbaseball.Oneseason,ourteam23．severallosses.Icarefullyanalyzed(分析)eachplayer's24．andthoughtthataline-up(阵容)changebasedontheirstatisticswouldbe25．.So,Iapproachedthecoachtosuggest26．line-ups.Althoughheappreciatedmyadvice,he27．itatfirst.Followingourteam'sseventh28．,thecoachaskedmetoproposeanewline-up.Ire-examinedthestatisticsandmadeaslight29．.Toeveryone'sdelight,webeganto30．thenextfewgames.Thenewline-upmadetheteamplayinits31．.Andalloftheplayersfeltmoreinspired.AsIcontinuedtobettertheline-up,the32．keptalltheplayersactivelyengaged(参与).33．,wewereleading4-2andwentontowinthechampionship.Mybasic34．ofstatisticshadplayedanimportantroleinoursuccess,whichearnedmeaschoolaward.Thisexperience35．myinterestinstatistics,finallyleadingmetomajorinthesubjectincollege.21．A．protected B．separated C．prevented D．hid22．A．examining B．adapting C．recalling D．preparing23．A．caredabout B．startedwith C．gotover D．fellon24．A．opinion B．energy C．identity D．performance25．A．normal B．helpful C．challenging D．convenient26．A．ordinary B．current C．optional D．common27．A．refused B．followed C．promoted D．observed28．A．chance B．entrance C．accident D．defeat29．A．increase B．change C．stop D．mistake30．A．improve B．imitate C．update D．explore31．A．movements B．aspects C．strengths D．routines32．A．tradition B．creativity C．response D．determination33．A．Suddenly B．Actually C．Definitely D．Eventually34．A．understanding B．impression C．lecture D．influence35．A．revised B．reduced C．deepened D．delayed七、第二节短文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Usuallywithseveralfriendsgatheringaroundafirestove(炉),theactivityknownas"stove-boiledtea",anewwayofdrinkingtea,hasbecomepopularinChina.Ithasbeenchosenby36．increasingnumberofyoungpeoplesofar.Theytogetherenjoythesmellofcharcoal-grilled(炭烤的)snacks,37．(wait)fortheteatoboil.Therearemorethan1.9billionvideosrelatedtostove-boiledteaonapopularChineseshortvideoplatform.38．ithasrecentlyregainedpopularity,cookingteaonastoveactuallyhasalonghistoryinChina."Stove-boiledtea"comesfromanintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)inYunnanprovince:huotangroastedtea.Huotangisatypeofkang,auniversalstonestoveusedforheatinginYunnan.Here,storiesareshared,mealsarecookedand39．(warm)isexchanged.Huotangisthemostimportantsourceofheat40．helpscookingandsleepinginthehouseholdsofethnicminorities(少数民族)intheregion,andakindofteaculturegraduallydevelopsaroundit.Theteasusedmostlyincludeagedwhitetea,Pu'er,orblacktea,yetfreshandtenderteas,suchasgreentea,arenot41．(suit)forboiling.Differentsnacks42．driedpersimmons(柿子),oranges,nutsandaplateofChinesecookies43．(be)thebestchoicestocomfortyourbelly.Withtheelegantandclassicenvironment,beautifulteacups,andcolorfulsnacks,it'shard44．(imagine)anyonenotadmiringthisfashionablechangeofChineseteaculture.Thisway,tearemainsvaluedandadmired,45．(enjoy)bypeoplethenandnow.八、阅读下面句子，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。46．Thelittleboygavehisallinthegame,playingwithout(hesitate)evenwhenhewasinjured.(所给词的适当形式填空)47．TheTVseries,(star)severalwell-knownactors,receivedhighpraisefromviewers.(所给词的适当形式填空)48．Peopleoftenhavedifferentopinionsonsomehotissues,soitisimpossibletomake(assume)aboutpeople'sreactions.(所给词的适当形式填空)49．After(bite)bythesnakeinthebush,Susanwassenttothehospitalbyherfriendsimmediately.(所给词的适当形式填空)50．Everypossiblemeans(try)inthepastweekbuttheproblemremainsunsolved.(所给词的适当形式填空)51．Thoughthegovernmenthastakenmanymeasures,thetrainserviceisstill(frequent)delayedduetobadweather.(所给词的适当形式填空)52．IwasabouttoleavetheofficeIrememberedIhadforgottenmywallet.(用适当的词填空)53．Thegirloftendidwellinthephysicsexaminationsthefactthatshefounditboring.(用适当的词填空)54．LiQiangistheonlyoneoftheovertwothousandstudentsintheschoolwho(come)fromBeijing.(所给词的适当形式填空)55．Remembertodrinkthroughoutexercisetomakeupforwaterlostsweat.(用适当的词填空)56．Itis(convenient)tohaveameetingduringlunchtimewheneveryoneisbusy.(所给词的适当形式填空)57．Thoughitisoftenregardedasasportbyoldpeople,IamsureIwillcontinuetopractisetaichiandenjoythebenefitshasbroughtme.(用适当的词填空)58．Theyoungprofessorissaid(study)abroadbefore,butIdon'tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.(所给词的适当形式填空)59．Thecountry,populationisgrowingrapidly,faceschallenges.Ithasdifficultyinprovidingenoughfoodforthenewly-bornchildren.(用适当的词填空)60．Theteacherandwriter(make)aspeechatthemeetingnow.(所给词的适当形式填空)九、第四节选词填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)从方框中选择合适的短语，并用其适当形式完成句子。(有一个多余)anythingbutberootedinputthefinishingtouchestodojusticetosetoffundertheweatherdowondersintheairpassdownfallonstickwith61．Ithinkyouwilllovetheplaceonceyouarrivethere—thepicturesreallydon'tit.62．Strengthtrainingcanforourphysicalandemotionalwell-being.63．Ineedtomyessay,likecheckingforspellingandgrammarmistakes.64．Jane'sfriendsallwenttotheparty,butshestayedathomebecauseshewasabit.65．Mydaughterherpromiseanddidn'tletmedown.66．Junkfoodsarenutritious,sostudentsshouldkeepawayfromthem.67．Thegirl'scarelesswordsachainofeventsthatledtotheirfinalbreakup.68．Theideaofasurprisepartyforherbirthdayisstill:wehaven'tdecidedyet.69．Themeetingapublicholiday,somanypeoplewereunabletoattendit.70．Thecultureoffamilynameforthousandsofyearsinourcountry.十、第四部分写作(满分15分)71．假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，中国传统节日是中国文化的瑰宝，请你围绕"中国传统节日"用英语写一封倡议书。内容包括：1.中国传统节日的重要性；2.推广中国传统节日的方法；3.发出倡议。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dearfellowstudents,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudentUnion

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．B3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，2024年英联邦短篇小说奖的官方通知。其主要目的是通报比赛已截止投稿，并介绍了评审团队构成、奖项设置及后续安排。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一则通知，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Wewouldliketothankthe7,359writerswhomailed8,000+shortstories."我们要感谢7359位作家，他们邮寄了8000多篇短篇小说。可知，关于2024年联邦短篇小说奖，超过8000个参赛作品正在接受评审。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据"OThiamChin(Judge,AsiaRegion)"OThiamChin（亚洲区评委）可知，OThiamChin是印度参赛选手的评委。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中的"Theregionalwinnersreceive£2,500andtheoverallwinnerreceivesatotalof£5,000.Thewinningstoriesarepublishedonlinebygrantaandinaspecialprintcollection.Theshortlistedstoriesarepublishedinadda,theonlinemagazineoftheCommonwealthFoundation."地区冠军将获得2500英镑奖金，总冠军将获得5000英镑奖金。获奖故事由《格兰塔》在线出版，并在一个特别的印刷集中出版。入围的故事发表在英联邦基金会的在线杂志adda上。可知，获胜者会得到成为出版作家的机会。故选D。【答案】4．B5．D6．B7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了加拿大模特WinnieHarlow的成长与蜕变故事。其主旨是一个因患有白癜风而遭受校园霸凌、陷入自卑的女孩，如何通过被发掘成为模特，最终学会接纳自己的独特性，并将其转化为自信与力量，进而激励他人。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。

4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Beingdislikedreallyworriedherandaftershewasforcedtochangeschoolsseveraltimes,sheeventuallydroppedoutofhighschool."不受欢迎真的让她很担心，在被迫转学几次后，她最终从高中辍学了。可知，Winnie早期受到了同学们的不公平对待。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"TyrainstantlyrecognizedWinnie'smodelqualities.What'smore,shewasabletoseewhatallthosechildhoodclassmatescouldnot—Winnie'suniqueskincoloursetherapartinagoodway."Tyra立刻认出了温妮的模特气质。更重要的是，她能够看到所有童年同学都看不到的东西——Winnie独特的肤色使她在一个很好的方面与众不同、可知，TyraBank发现了Winnie作为模特的潜力。故选D。6．词义猜测题。根据第四段中的"Today,youcanfindWinnieperformingontherunwayatLondonFashionWeek,showingconfidencefromheadtotoe,andonthepagesofthetopfashionmagazines.She'salsoapublicspeaker."今天，你可以看到Winnie在伦敦时装周的t台上表演，从头到脚展示自信，登上顶级时尚杂志的页面。她也是一位公众演说家；以及"makespeopleunique,inspiringotherstorecognizethatbeautycomesinallshapes,sizes,andcolors"让人与众不同的事物，鼓励别人认识到美丽来自各种形状、大小和颜色。可知，Winnie鼓励别人认识到美丽来自各种形状、大小和颜色，说明作为公众演说家她支持让人们与众不同的事物。可推知划线词advocates意思是"支持"。故选B。7．细节理解题。根据第三段"‘Youjustmightnotbeawareofthatuniquenessifyou'retoobusybeingself-critical.Ihadtorelearnhowtolovemyselfbyforgettingtheopinionsofeveryoneelseandfocusingonmyopinionofmyself,'Winniesaid.""如果你太忙于自我批评，你可能不会意识到自己的独特性。我必须重新学习如何爱自己，忘记别人的看法，专注于我对自己的看法，"Winnie说。可知，Winnie建议那些担心自己与众不同的人接受本来的自己。故选B。【答案】8．D9．C10．D11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了介绍了耳虫现象（即歌曲在脑海中反复回响的记忆），并探讨了其成因、特征及应对方法。主旨是科学解释"耳虫"这一普遍心理现象，分析其背后的神经学原理和歌曲特征，并提供实用的缓解建议。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及推理判断和标题归纳两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．推理判断题。根据第一段"Youhearasongwhileyouread.Youhearitwhileyou'retakingatest.Youevenhearitwhileyou'retryingtogotosleep.Youcan'tmakeitstop,andit'sdrivingyoucrazy!Hasthishappenedtoyou?Maybeyouhavesufferedfromanearworm,amemoryofasong!"你边读边听一首歌。你在考试时听到它。你甚至在试图入睡时听到它。你不能让它停下来，它快把你逼疯了！这发生在你身上吗？也许你患有耳虫，一首歌的记忆！可知，为了引出"耳虫"现象，作者列举了一些生活中的经历，例如你边读边听一首歌，你甚至在试图入睡时听它等，这些都是"耳虫"现象，可推知，作者通过描述经历引出话题。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Sackswondersifthereareearwormstodaybecausewe'resurroundedbymusicallthetimeinoureverydaylives.ResearchontheauditorycortexsupportsSacks'sideas.Theauditorycortexisthepartofthebrainthatdealswithsound.It'sashort-termstoragesystemforsmallamountsofauditory(sound)information.Someofthisauditoryinformationisforgotten,andsomeofitgoesintolong-termmemory.However,songsappeartostayintheauditorycortexforalongtime."Sacks想知道今天是否有耳虫，因为我们在日常生活中一直被音乐包围着。对听觉皮层的研究支持萨克斯的观点。听觉皮层是大脑中处理声音的部分。这是一个用于存储少量听觉（声音）信息的短期存储系统。其中一些听觉信息被遗忘，而另一些则进入长期记忆。然而，歌曲似乎在听觉皮层中停留了很长时间。可知，"听觉皮层"解释了"耳虫"现象的原因，听觉皮层是大脑中处理声音的部分，歌曲在听觉皮层中停留的时间很长，所以出现了"耳虫"现象，可推知，第二段提到"听觉皮层"是为了解释我们为什么会得"耳虫"。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Thecharacteristicsarerepetitiveness,simplicity,andincongruity."其特点是重复性、简单性和不协调性；以及"Nowonder,advertisersoftenusejingles—shortsongsthatareeasytoremembertopromotesales."难怪广告商经常使用广告歌曲——易于记忆的短歌来促进销售。可知，"耳虫"歌曲的特点是重复性、简单性和不协调性，例如易于记忆的广告歌曲，可推知，一首在超市里反复播放的独特广告歌最有可能成为"耳虫"。故选D。11．标题归纳题。根据第一段"Youhearasongwhileyouread.Youhearitwhileyou'retakingatest.Youevenhearitwhileyou'retryingtogotosleep.Youcan'tmakeitstop,andit'sdrivingyoucrazy!Hasthishappenedtoyou?Maybeyouhavesufferedfromanearworm,amemoryofasong!"你边读边听一首歌。你在考试时听到它。你甚至在试图入睡时听到它。你不能让它停下来，它快把你逼疯了！这发生在你身上吗？也许你患有耳虫，一首歌的记忆！可知，本文主要介绍了什么是"耳虫"，即一首歌曲在你脑海中反复出现，并介绍了"耳虫"的原因和解决办法，"耳虫——你脑海中的歌曲"，能够概括文章主要内容，适合作本文标题。故选C。【答案】12．A13．B14．A15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于利他主义者的研究，这项研究揭示了职场利他主义与个人幸福感之间的积极关联。其主旨是挑战人们通常认为的"利他行为出于隐秘私利"的观点，通过实证研究证明，帮助他人本身能带来内在的心理回报，使人更快乐，且这种效应在工作场所中同样显著。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Altruists(利他主义者)intheworkplacearemorelikelytohelpfellowworkers,moresatisfiedwithandlesslikelytoleavetheirjob,newresearchbyUW-Madison'sLaFolletteSchoolofPublicAffairsshows."威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校拉福莱特公共事务学院的一项新研究显示，工作场所的利他主义者更有可能帮助同事，对自己的工作更满意，也更不可能离职。可知，利他主义者可能会在公司待更长的时间。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第二段"‘Moreandmoreresearchshowsthepowerofaltruism,'saysLaFolletteprofessorDonaldMoynihan,‘butmanypeopleholdtheviewthatwebehavealtruisticallybecauseofhiddenself-interest,suchasthedesiretoimprovehowothersseeus.'""越来越多的研究显示了利他主义的力量，"DonaldMoynihan说，"但许多人认为，我们的利他行为是出于隐藏的自利，比如想要改善别人对我们的看法。"可知，许多人误以为利他主义是由个人利益驱动的。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"FundedbytheUW-MadisonCenterforDemographyofHealthandAging,thestudytestedtherelationshipbetweenaltruismintheworkplaceandhappinessintwoways.First,usingtheWisconsinLongitudinalStudyofmorethan10,000Wisconsinhighschoolgraduatesin1957,theauthorsfoundthatindividualsintheirmid-30swhoratedhelpingothersintheirworkasimportantsaidtheywerehappierwiththeirlifewhensurveyedagainalmost30yearslater.ThentheauthorstestedthesamemodelusingtheGeneralSocialSurveyandfoundsimilarconnectionsamongthedesiretohelpothersandhappiness."这项研究由威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校健康与老龄化人口统计中心资助，从两方面测试了工作场所的利他主义与幸福感之间的关系。首先，在1957年对1万多名威斯康星高中毕业生进行的威斯康星纵向研究中，作者发现，在30年后再次接受调查时，认为在工作中帮助他人很重要的35岁左右的人表示，他们对自己的生活更快乐。然后，作者使用综合社会调查测试了相同的模型，发现帮助他人的愿望和幸福之间存在类似的联系。可知，这项研究通过做两次后续调查进行。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段"‘Thenewresearchaddstothegrowingstudyonhappiness.Inlinewithearlierresearch,publicserviceworkersreportedahigherdesiretohelpothers,buttheeffectofaltruismonhappinesswasthesameforbothpublicandprivateworkers,'Moynihannotes."这项新的研究增加了对幸福的研究。莫伊尼汉指出："与早期的研究一致，公共服务工作者报告说，他们有更高的帮助他人的愿望，但利他主义对幸福感的影响对公共和私人工作者都是一样的。"可知，毫无疑问，利他主义者在帮助别人的过程中感到快乐。故选A。【答案】16．C；17．A；18．F；19．E；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，提供了一套系统、实用的策略，帮助读者有效培养并巩固良好的习惯。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Butwiththerightstrategies,youcaneasilydevelopgoodhabits."但有了正确的策略，你可以很容易地养成良好的习惯。提到我们有了正确的策略，可以很容易地养成良好的习惯，C.Herearesomemethodsyoucanturnto."这里有一些你可以求助的方法。"，承接上文，符合语境，故选C。17．根据空后"Everynewhabitneedstobestrengthenedthroughpractice."每一个新习惯都需要通过练习来强化。提到我们养成新习惯需要不断的练习，A.Practicemakesperfect."熟能生巧。"，能够概括段落大意，下文针对"熟能生巧"进行了具体的解释。故选A。18．根据空前"Seeksupportfromothers.Sharingyourgoalwithfriendsorfamilymemberscanprovideyouwiththeencouragementyouneed."寻求他人的支持。与朋友或家人分享你的目标可以为你提供所需的鼓励。可知，与朋友或家人分享你的目标可以为你提供所需的鼓励，F.Theycancelebrateyourprogressandofferadvicewhenyoufacechallenges."他们可以庆祝你的进步，并在你面临挑战时提供建议。"，进一步介绍了与朋友或家人分享你的目标所带来的好处，符合语境，故选F。19．根据空前"Beingdevotedtothisprocessmeansgettingoverdifficultiesandkeepingyourcourse."专注于这个过程意味着克服困难，坚持自己的方向。提到我们坚持不懈的养成习惯的过程意味着克服困难，坚持自己的方向，E.Thisdevotionensuresthatthehabitgraduallybecomespartofyourlife."这种奉献精神确保了习惯逐渐成为你生活