高一英语（人教版）教学课件 必修二 UNIT 5 Section Ⅳ Discovering Useful Structures

SectionⅣDiscoveringUsefulStructures目录(语法项目——过去分词作表语和状语)课时跟踪检测(语法项目——过去分词作表语和状语)ObservedonJanuary1lunarmonth①

,ChineseLunarNewYear'sDay,alsocalledtheSpringFestival②，iswellreceivedbyalltheChinesepeopleallovertheworld.AttheSpringFestival,mostpeoplehavebigmealscookedbythemselves③andchatwithfamilymemberswhileothersmaytakeatriptovisittheirfriendsortospendtheirlongholiday.Besides,peoplewillsay“HappyNewYear”toexpressgoodwishesforthecomingnewyear.Itisalsoachildren'sfestival.Theybecomeveryexcited④becausetheycangetluckymoneyinredpaper.[语法入门]①为过去分词短语作状语；②③为过去分词短语作后置定语；④为过去分词作表语。过去分词一般表示完成的或被动的动作。过去分词在句子中不能单独构成谓语，除了可以用作定语(theattribute)、宾语补足语(theobjectcomplement)以外，还可以用作表语(thepredicative)和状语(theadverbial)。一、过去分词作表语

1．过去分词作表语主要表示主语的心理或所处的状态。IwasdisappointedatthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原先期待它会更好看。2．有的过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，且大部分已转化为形容词，常见的有：delighted,disappointed,discouraged,amused,astonished,interested,crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprised,

worried,excited,married,puzzled等。Obviously,I'dbedisappointedifwedon'tmakeit,butitwouldn'tbetheendoftheworld.显然，如果我们不能成功，我会很失望，但那不会是世界末日。3．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别用作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时的过去分词相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟by短语。被动语态的过去分词形式，被动意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟“by＋动作的执行者”。MygrandfatherwasdelightedtohearIhavepassedmyexams.(过去分词作表语)我祖父听到我通过考试后感到很高兴。Thenewtissuesandorgansareusedtocurediseasesbydoctors.(被动语态)新的组织和器官被医生用来治疗疾病。4．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：[对点练]

(单句语法填空)①(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hebecame_________(interest)inalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwas_________(amaze)thatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.interestedamazed③Helooked__________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.④The_________lookonherfacesuggestedthatshewas______________bythe_______________scene.(frighten)⑤Thenewswas_________andtheywereall________atit.(excite)⑥Weallfelt___________atthe____________news.(encourage)⑦Theaudiencewereall______totearsbythe_______film.(move)puzzled

frightenedfrightened

frighteningexcitingexcitedencouragedencouragingmovedmoving二、过去分词(短语)作状语

[先感知]①Completedin1931,

theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.②Absorbedinpainting,

Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝Becausehewasabsorbedinpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝Johnwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.③Usedwithcare,

onetinwilllastforsixweeks.④Defeatedbyhisopponent,

henevergaveupanyhope.＝Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.⑤Sheacceptedthegift,

deeplymoved.＝Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.⑥Muchtimespentsittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.[会发现]1．句①加黑部分作时间状语，相当于______________。可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等，使其时间意义更明确。2．句②加黑部分作原因状语，相当于______________或并列句。时间状语从句原因状语从句3．句③加黑部分作条件状语，相当于____________。可加连词if,unless等转换成条件状语从句。4．句④加黑部分作让步状语，相当于_______________。有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or等连词转换成让步状语从句。条件状语从句让步状语从句5．句⑤加黑部分作伴随状语，相当于and连接的并列句。6．句⑥中过去分词spent的主语并不是主句的主语officeworkers，而是___________，这种情况被称为独立主格结构。Much

time[明规则]1．过去分词(短语)作状语，分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动意义。2．过去分词(短语)作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、伴随、方式或结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，且其与主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。3．过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。4．有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost;seated;hidden;lost/absorbedin;dressedin;tiredof。5．过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致，如果不一致，则应在分词前加上自身的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词结构被称为过去分词的独立主格结构。[名师点津](1)过去分词(短语)与现在分词(短语)作状语的区别：过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。①Usedforalongtime,

thebooklooksold.②Usingthebook,

Ifinditveryuseful.(2)无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.()Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.()Ifthethiefiscaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.()×√√[对点练]

(1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Thatdidn'tgoas________(plan).But,Itriedmybest.②________

(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.planned

Raised③Itissaidthatabout20%of25－34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,

_________(compare)with16%in1991.④__________

(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.⑤___________

(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.compared

Founded

Translated

⑥______

(see)fromthemountain,thecitylooksmuchmorebeautiful.⑦Thepresidentofthecompanycametothefactory,

__________(follow)bysomeworkers.Seen

followed(2)用独立主格结构作状语改写句子⑧Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.→__________________,

alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.The

lecture

given⑨Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,

_____________________________________.⑩Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor,hefeltveryhappy.→___________________________,

hefeltveryhappy.none

of

them

shippedto

foreign

countriesExtra

money

given

to

the

poorⅠ.单句语法填空1．________

(give)another10days,wearesuretocompleterepairingthemachine.2．_______

(fill)withshame,theboyloweredhishead,readyforthepunishmentfromhisdad.GivenFilled3．Whenfirst_________(introduce)tothemarket,thesenewproductsintheircompanyenjoyedagreatsuccess.4．_________

(locate)inthecentraldistrict,thehoteloffersthebestservicewiththelowestprice.5．__________

(surround)byariver,theparkhadacentralpondwithflowersfloatinginit.introducedLocatedSurrounded6．_____________

(disappoint)atfailinginthemathexam,Johnwouldn'tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.7．Everyonepresentisvery_________(inspire)athisspeech.8．Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot______(lose)frommyfriends.Disappointed

inspired

lostⅡ.完成句子1．_____________________________,

hehasnotimetorelax.由于专心于科学研究事业，他没有时间放松。2．_____________________________,

Iamwritingtoapplyforthechance.旨在成为一名志愿者，我写信申请这个机会。Absorbed

in

his

science

researchAimed

at

becoming

a

volunteer3．__________________________________,

thedictionaryhasbeenpopularwithreaderseversinceitcameouttwoyearsago.由于被三位语言专家编辑，这本词典自从两年前出版以来就一直受读者欢迎。4．_____________________,

wejumpedandcheeredwithjoy.沐浴在阳光下，我们高兴地欢呼雀跃。Edited

by

three

language

expertsBathed

in

the

sunshine5．_____________________________________,

Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.由于得到了一部新电影里的重要角色，安迪有机会出名了。6．Thereisclearevidencethatchildrenwhotakemusiclessonsdevelopabettermemory________________________________________________.有明显的证据证明，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。Offered

an

important

role

in

a

new

moviecompared

with

those

who

have

no

musical

training7．When_________________,

inwhateverform,wereactbothmentallyandphysically.当不管以什么形式暴露在压力之下时，我们都会从精神和身体上作出反应。8．__________,

suchachancemightnevercomeagain.一旦失去，这样的机会可能永远不会再来了。exposed

to

stressOnce

lost课时跟踪检测Ⅰ.阅读理解Whydopeoplelistentomusic?Theanswermayseemsimple:Musicispleasanttomakeandtohear.Butmusictouchesourlivesinmanyotherways,too.MusicchangesourmoodMybrotherdoesn'tchoosemusicbasedonwhathewantstohear.Instead,hedecideswhathewantstofeelandpicksmusicwiththatmoodinmind.Upbeat,bright-soundingmusicgenerallymakespeoplefeelhappy.Butsomepeopleenjoylisteningtosadmusic,too.Itcanbeliketalkingwithafriendwhounderstandsyoursuffering.Butforsomepeople,sadmusiccanmakethemfeelevensadder.MusichelpsusgetthingsdoneDoyoueverlistentomusicwhileyouwork?Ido,andIfindthatitsometimeshelpsmeconcentrate.Accordingtooneexpert,musiccanhelpyoupayattentionduringboringorrepeatedtasks.Butwhenyouaredoingtasksthatrequiremorethought,musiccandisturbyou,makingthemharder.Mymom,apreschoolteacher,usesmusictomanageherclassroom.Whenshewantstocallachild,insteadofyellingthechild'sname,shesingsit.Thiscreatesamorepositiveenvironment,whilestillgettingthechild'sattention.MusicbringspeopletogetherMusiccanalsobringpeopleclosertoeachother.Thisisespeciallytrueofmusicplayedlive.Livemusicoftenfeaturesagroupofpeopleplayingdifferentinstrumentswhichmakesitasharedexperience.Listenerscanshareintheemotionsthesongexpresses.Theyalsocreatememoriestogether.Andspeakingofmemories,lotsofpeopleconnectmusicwithspecificplaces,peopleorevents.Whenevertheyhearacertainsong,theyaretransportedbacktosomepointinthepast.Thusmusiccanconnectpeoplenotonlytopeoplewhoarepresentbutalsotopeoplefromtheirpast.Musicisfarmorethanjustentertainment;itisapowerfulforcethataffectsusinmanyways.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人们听音乐的原因，以及音乐在许多方面影响着我们的生活。√1．Whydosomepeopleenjoysadmusic?A．Itcangettheirattention.B．Itmakesthemfeelhappy.C．Itcanbeliketalkingwithafriend.D．Itmakesthemfeelsadder.解析：细节理解题。根据Musicchangesourmood部分中的“Itcanbeliketalkingwithafriendwhounderstandsyoursuffering.”可知，有些人喜欢悲伤的音乐，是因为这就像和朋友聊天一样。√2．Listeningtomusicdisturbsyouwhen.A．youaredoingrepeatedtasksB．thetasksareboringC．youaredoingeasytasksD．thetasksrequiremorethought解析：细节理解题。根据Musichelpsusgetthingsdone部分中的“Butwhenyouaredoingtasksthatrequiremorethought,musiccandisturbyou,makingthemharder.”可知，当工作需要更多的思考时，听音乐会打扰你。√3．What'stheauthor'sattitudetomusic?A．Positive.

B．Doubtful.C．Uncertain. D．Negative.解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容可知，音乐不仅仅是娱乐；它是一种强大的力量，在许多方面影响着我们。由此可推知，作者对音乐的态度是积极的。Ⅱ.完形填空It'sbeensaidthepowerisinyourhandstobecomeanythingyouwanttobecome.ForDewittresidentJeromeSchafer,that's4！Schaferisabuilderbytrade,buthisother5islettinghishandsdanceacrossapianokeyboard.Forthelastsixyears,Schaferhasbeen6theresidentsofClintonCounty'sGunnisonvilleMeadowsAssistedLivingCenterto7someofthe“classics”，ashecallsthem.“I'mplayingalotofsongs.I8manyyearstothe30s,40sandlikethat，”hesaid.JoeSmithisa9listener.“HeplayshereeveryWednesday.Iwouldn'tmissit，”Smithsaid.“He10about10：30inthemorningandplaysuntil11：30.”AnitaIoccosayslisteningtoSchaferplayisthe11ofherweek.“Iwouldn'tmissit.Ialways12ofbeinghere，”shesaid.Schaferhasbeenplayingmusicsincehewas14yearsold,and80yearslater,heisstillplaying.Hesayshehasn'thadanyformal13

lessonsanddoesn'treadmusic.Hisgranddaughter,NicoleYabs,driveshimtoandfromthe14

concert.YabssaysWednesdayswithher15areherfavoritepartoftheweek.“Idon'tthinkalotofpeople16thetimethattheyspendwiththeirgrandparents,butIknowthatI17valuethat，”shesaid.Schafersayshe'llkeepplayingaslongashecan.“I18seeingthepeopleenjoyingit,sothat'senoughforme，”hesaid.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了德威特建筑工人杰罗姆·谢弗把一生的时间都花在了演奏他喜欢的古典音乐上，这体现了人有能力掌控自己的命运，成为任何想成为的人。4．A.true B．fantasticC．initial D．ideal√解析：根据下文“Schaferisabuilderbytrade,buthisother

islettinghishandsdanceacrossapianokeyboard.”可知，谢弗的故事印证了文章的第一句话：人有能力掌控自己的命运，成为想成为的人。5．A.career B．qualityC．talent D．budget解析：根据下文“lettinghishandsdanceacrossapianokeyboard”可知，对建筑工人谢弗来说，弹奏钢琴是他的另一项才能。√6．A.treating B．visitingC．leading D．following解析：根据下文“theresidentsofClintonCounty'sGunnisonvilleMeadowsAssistedLivingCenter”可知，谢弗应该是一直在拜访那里的居民们。√7．A.teach B．learnC．read D．play解析：根据下文“I'mplayingalotofsongs.”可知，他是在演奏音乐。play为原词复现。√8．A.goback B．putonC．takeoff D．lookforward解析：根据下文“tothe30s,40s”可知，此处指回到三四十年代。√9．A.choosy B．sympatheticC．professional D．regular解析：根据下文“‘HeplayshereeveryWednesday.Iwouldn'tmissit，’Smithsaid.”可知，史密斯每周三都去听演奏，所以他是一位固定的听众。√10．A.sings B．comesC．waits D．rests解析：根据下文“about10：30inthemorningandplaysuntil11：30”可知，这里指谢弗上午10：30左右过来，然后一直演奏到11：30。√11．A.application B．preparationC．highlight D．responsibility解析：根据下文“‘Iwouldn'tmissit.Ialways

ofbeinghere，’shesaid.”可知，安妮塔·伊奥科非常喜欢听谢弗的演奏，所以听演奏的那个时间段是最令她激动的时候。√12．A.losecontrol B．takeanoteC．keeptrack D．makeapoint解析：根据上文“Iwouldn'tmissit.”可知，只要谢弗演奏，安妮塔·伊奥科就会特意去听。makeapoint“特意；故意”。√13．A.piano B．tennisC．cooking D．trade解析：根据上文“buthisother

islettinghishandsdanceacrossapianokeyboard”可知，谢弗没有上过正式的钢琴课。√14．A.classical B．eveningC．weekly D．closing解析：根据上文“HeplayshereeveryWednesday.”可知，谢弗的钢琴弹奏是每周一次。√15．A.mother B．grandmotherC．father D．grandfather解析：根据上文“Hisgranddaughter”可知，谢弗是妮可·亚布斯的祖父。√16．A.appreciate B．wasteC．keep D．need解析：根据下文“thetimethattheyspendwiththeirgrandparents”可知，这里指很多人不懂得珍惜和祖父母在一起的时间。√17．A.properly B．definitelyC．easily D．secretly解析：根据上文“but”和下文“value”可知，上下文是转折关系，其他很多人不懂得珍惜和祖父母在一起的时间，而妮可却很重视。√18．A.avoid B．admitC．enjoy D．remember解析：根据下文“seeingthepeopleenjoyingit,sothat'senoughforme”可知，当谢弗看到有人喜欢他的演奏时，他是很享受的。√Ⅲ.语法填空PekingOperaisaformofChineseoperas1(combine)music,vocalperfor