年安徽省中考英语二轮复习语法专项课件构词法

构词法

考点梳理考点一合成法

类型构成方式举例复合名词名词+名词bedroom卧室newspaper报纸形容词+名词blackboard黑板grandfather(外)祖父动词+名词playground操场名词+动名词handwriting书法story-telling讲故事类型构成方式举例复合形容词名词+形容词worldwide全世界的homesick想家的数词+名词second-hand二手的数词+名词+形容词15-year-old15岁的名词+动词的过去分词man-made人造的类型构成方式举例复合动词副词+动词overcome克服oversleep睡过头名词+动词sleepwalk梦游复合副词副词+名词upstairs在楼上outdoors在室外复合代词不定代词+名词anything任何事物everybody每个人【效果评估】根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词1.他的哥哥是一个18岁的男孩。他很帅气。Hisbrotheris

boy.Heisveryhandsome.

2.特里·福克斯是一位很受欢迎而且学习努力的学生。TerryFoxisa

and____________________

student.

hard-working

popular

an

18-year-old

考点二派生法

1.常见前缀(1)表示否定前缀意义举例un-不;非unlucky不幸的unusual不同寻常的im-impossible不可能的impolite不礼貌的impatient没有耐心的

in-incorrect不正确的informal非正式的independent独立的前缀意义举例ir-不;非irregular不规则的irresponsible不负责任的il-illegal非法的non-non-stop不停的;直达的non-smoker不吸烟者dis-相反disappear消失dislike不喜欢mis-错误misunderstand误解(2)表示程度或大小前缀意义举例super-超级superpower超级大国superman超人mini-小的;短的minibus小型公共汽车miniskirt超短裙(3)其他前缀前缀意义举例a-处于……状态或过程中asleep睡着的awake醒着的anti-反对antiwar反战争的auto-自动的automobile汽车en-使……enlarge使变大enrich使富有fore-在……之前foretell预言续表

前缀意义举例inter-之间的international国际的kilo-千kilometer千米kilogram千克mid-在中间midnight半夜pre-在……之前preview预演re-重新;再次retell复述review复习rewrite重写rebuild重建tele-远程的telephone电话vice-副的vice-president副总统2.常见后缀(1)名词后缀后缀意义举例-er从事某种职业的人player运动员teacher教师-oractor演员director导演-ess指女性actress女演员hostess女主人-ese指民族、语言Chinese中国人;汉语Japanese日本人;日语后缀意义举例-ian指人Australian澳大利亚人Italian意大利人-istartist艺术家pianist钢琴家-ment……的行为(或结果)movement运动agreement同意后缀意义举例-ion状态、行为、机构等action行动invention发明pollution污染-ationinvitation邀请expectation期望organization组织-ship情况、状态等friendship友谊leadership领导relationship关系后缀意义举例-hood状态、性质等childhood童年;幼年neighborhood附近;街区-ing活动、状态feeling感觉meeting会议续表

后缀意义举例-ness状态、特点等happiness幸福illness疾病-ance性质、状况等performance表演appearance出现-dom领域、状况等freedom自由wisdom智慧-al过程、状态等arrival到达(2)形容词后缀后缀意义举例-ful充满……的useful有用的careful仔细的helpful有帮助的-less没有;无careless粗心的meaningless无意义的-ly具有……性质;每隔……时间lovely可爱的monthly每月的后缀意义举例-y有……特性的healthy健康的noisy吵闹的rainy多雨的lucky幸运的thirsty渴的sleepy困倦的-ish稍有……的;有……性质的foolish愚蠢的childish孩子气的-able能……的;具有……性质的comfortable舒适的enjoyable愉快的changeable易变的-ibleterrible糟糕的后缀意义举例-ed状况、心情等interested感兴趣的excited感到兴奋的surprised感到惊讶的-ing描述事物interesting有趣的exciting令人兴奋的moving动人的-al与……有关的natural自然的personal个人的musical音乐的续表

后缀意义举例-ic……的electric电的scientific科学的-icalmedical医学的historical历史的-en表示材料wooden木制的golden金质的-ern表示方位eastern东方的southern南方的后缀意义举例-ous表示特点famous著名的dangerous危险的-iveactive积极的expensive昂贵的(3)副词后缀后缀意义举例-ly以……方式happily高兴地quickly迅速地freely自由地politely有礼貌地-ward(s)表示方向northward(s)向北downward(s)向下forward(s)向前【效果评估】用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

Ourearthisfullof1.

(amaze)things,likemountains,forestsandanimals.Sowemustlookafteritandthinkof2.

(help)waystohelpit.

helpful

amazing

First,it’sourdailydutytoreduce,3.

(use)andrecycle,forexample,goingtoschoolonfootorbybike.Then,wecanshare4.________________

(environment)knowledgewiththepeoplearoundusandencouragethemtotake5.

(act).Let’sstartfromnowon.

action

environmental

reuse

考点三转化法

词性转化举例名词→动词watern.水→v.浇水shown.演出;节目→v.给……看;展示handn.手→v.传递colorn.颜色→v.染色bookn.书→v.预订词性转化举例动词→名词walkv.散步;走→n.散步lookv.看→n.看;表情stopv.停止→n.车站talkv.谈论→n.谈话形容词→名词dailyadj.日常的→n.日报finaladj.最后(终)的→n.决赛形容词→动词slowadj.慢的→v.放慢freeadj.空闲的→v.释放cleanadj.干净的→v.清扫dryadj.干燥的→v.把……弄干副词→动词downadv.向下→v.打倒;击倒【效果评估】单词拼写1.Mygrandfatheroftengetsupearlyand

(浇水)vegetablesinhisgarden.

2.Ihave

(预订)adoubleroomforyouandIhopeyou’llhaveanicetime.

3.Thewind

(使变干)theclothes.Itishelpfulforpeople.

dries

booked

waters

4.Youmust

(放慢速度)down,oryou’llfallover.

5.Don’tjudgeabookbyits

(封面).

cover

slow

强化练习一、根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,满分10分)1.[2025·甘肃白银]Ourneighborsarevery____________

(friend)toeachother.

2.[2025·江苏扬州]Manytouriststhink

(high)ofYangzhouforitsbeautifulplacesofinterest.

3.[2025·四川达州]Afterhavinga_____________

(discuss),weareinagreement.

discussion

highly

friendly

4.[2025·云南]Ourschooltripwasvery______________

(wonder).Weallhadfun.

5.Don’tgiveitup!It’snotso

(hope)asyouimagine.

6.Thekeyto

(happy)istoseeallthebeautyoftheworld.

7.Whenthestorm

(sudden)came,myfriendsandIwerewalkinghomefromschool.

suddenly

happiness

hopeless

wonderful

8.It’s

(polite)forustospeakloudlyinpublicplaces.

9.WhenDavegoesbackhomefromschool,hisdogalwaysgreetshimatthedoorwith

(excite).

10.Myparentsthinkthisbluejacketis

(suit)forme.

suitable

excitement

impolite

二、单项填空(每小题1分,满分5分)1.—Givemeahand,Jim.Ihavetoclimbupthetreetogetmykite.—Betternot.Youhavetotakeyoursafety_______.(

)A.slowly B.activelyC.completely D.seriouslyD2.Amyrefusedherfriend’s_______becauseshehadtotakecareofhergrandma.(

)A.tradition B.attentionC.invitation D.inventionC3.—WhatdoyouthinkoftheBeltandRoadInitiative?—Great!ItwillhelpChinaimprovethe_______withthoserelatedcountries.(

)A.relationship B.agreementC.environment D.informationA4.Davereallylikesdriving.Ithinkbeinga_______isjustrightforhim.(

)A.doctor B.teacher C.farmer D.driver5.—Janewonfirstplaceintheartfestival.—Yes,hermothertoldmevery_______justnow.(

)A.strictly B.proudly C.weakly D.quicklyBD三、同义句转换,每空一词(每小题2分,满分10分)1.Theguidebookis