雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《Advanced Business English（湖北科技学院）》单元测试考核答案

第1题Ingeneral,themorethataparticularproductisvalued,ordemanded,bypeople,ortheharderitistofind,thehigherwillbeitsprice.

第2题Inessence,decreasingspecializationanddivisionoflaborleadtogreaterproductivityandrisingprofitabilityacrossoccupationsandbusinesscommerceingeneral.第3题Managementdecisionsfocusontheuseofproducts,whilemarketingdecisionsfocusontheuseoffunds.第4题Creditorswilllendfundtoafirmonlyiftheybelievethefirmwillperformwellenoughtopaytheinterestontheloansandtheprincipalinthefuture.第5题Asafirm'sperformanceimprovesanditsvalueincreases,thestockpricewillalsoincrease.第6题

Stakeholdersarethecreditors,owners,employees,suppliers,customers,andcompetitorswhohaveaninterestinabusiness.第7题Largefirms,suchasCisco,IBM,andGeneralMotors,havemillionsofstockholderswhoareprohibitedfromsellingtheirstocktootherinvestors.第8题Thelocaleconomicenvironmentisassessedtodeterminehowthedemandfortheproductmaychangeinresponsetofutureglobalconditions.第9题Ahigh-demandindustryistheonlyenvironmentwherecompanyprofitsarenotaffectedbycompetition.第10题Firmsuseaccountingtocloselymonitortheiroperationsandtoreporttheirfinancialconditiontotheowners.第1题Afranchiseisariskierventurethanestablishinganewbusinessduetoexpensiveup-frontcosts.第2题Asoleproprietorshipcanreduceitsfinancialriskbyconvertingtoapartnershipinordertoaccessadditionalfunds.第3题Typically,onceabusinessissetup,theformofownershipdoesnotchangeovertime.第4题Thepotentialreturnandtheriskfrominvestinginabusinessareinfluencedbyitsformofownership.第5题Whenstockholdersofacorporationselltheirstocksformorethantheypaidforthestocks,thedifferenceisreferredtoasthestockholder'sdividend.第6题Asoleproprietormayobtainloansfromcreditorstohelpfinancethefirm'soperations,buttheseloansdonotrepresentownership.第7题Whenafirm'sownershaveunlimitedliability,thismeansthereisnolimitontheamounttheycanborrowtofinancethefirm'soperations.第8题TheearningsofanS-corporationaredistributedtotheownersandtaxedattherespectivepersonalincometaxrateofeachowner.第9题Inordertoincorporateabusiness,onemustadoptadocumentknownasthearticlesofco-partnershipandfileitwithastategovernmentwherethebusinessistobelocated.第10题Inalimitedpartnership,allpartnersarepersonallyliableforallobligationsofthefirm.TestforUnit3第1题Firmsensurethattheworkplaceissafeforemployeesbycloselymonitoringtheproductionprocess.第2题Firmsarenotresponsibleforensuringthatemployeesaretreatedproperlybyotheremployees.第3题Diversityissuesarenotrestrictedtogenderandrace.第4题Institutionalinvestorsoftenattempttoinfluencehowthefirmshouldbemanaged.第5题Creditorsaregenerallymorewillingtolendfundstoafirmifithasbeenexceedinglygeneroustosocialprograms.第6题Businessescannotbeforcedintobankruptcyfromcreditordebtbecausecreditorsrealizeabusinessmightnotbeabletorepayitsloan.第7题Firmsviolatetheirresponsibilitytocreditorsbyprovidingmisleadingfinancialinformationthatexaggeratestheirfinancialcondition.第8题Increasedsalesofproductsandnamerecognitionaretwobenefitsacompanymayobtainwhenitengagesinsociallyresponsibleactivities.第9题Whenacompanyemphasizessocialresponsibility,itmaydiminishitsabilitytoprovideproductsatareasonableprice.第10题Sexualharassmentrepresentsunwelcomecommentsoractionsofasexualnature.TestforUnit4第1题Supervisory(first-line)managementisofteninvolvedwiththesubordinateswhoengageintheday-to-dayproductionprocess.第2题Middlemanagementisresponsibleforresolvingsuchissuesasworkerabsenteeismandcustomercomplaints.第3题Theplantmanagerinafactoryassessestheworkqualityofassembly-lineemployees.第4题Themissionstatementfocusesonhowtasksshouldbecompletedbymanagers.第5题Thestrategicplanidentifiesthefirm'smainbusinessfocusoverashort-termperiod.第6题"Achievingsuperiorcustomersatisfactionbyprovidingthehighestqualityproductstoourcustomers"isanexampleofatacticalplan.第7题Withcontingencyplanning,alternativeplansaredevelopedforvariouspossiblebusinessconditions.第8题Managersneeddecision-makingskillssotheycanuseexistinginformationtodeterminehowthecompany’sresourcesshouldbeallocated.第9题Theautocraticleadershipstylemaybeappropriateifemployeesareindependent,creativeandmotivated.第10题WhenanHRmanagerchoosestohireadditionalemployeesforadepartment,heorshehasusedconceptualskills.TestforUnit5第1题Theorganizationalstructureindicatesthechainofcommand,whichidentifiesthejobpositionsthatalltypesofemployeesmustreportto.第2题Awidespanofcontrolworksbestinorganizationswhereahighlydiversesetofcomplextasksisperformedbyworkerswithspecializedskills.第3题Workersinstaffpositionsareempoweredtomakedecisionsintendedtoachievespecificorganizationalgoals.第4题TheProductionManagerwouldbeastaffpositioninamanufacturingfirm.第5题Ifaboardmemberisemployedbyanonprofitcompanythatreceiveslargedonationsfromthefirm,thatboardmemberissaidtohaveaconflictofinterest.第6题Ingeneral,theboardofdirectorsmaintainsinvolvementwithday-to-dayactivitiesofthecompany.第7题Onedisadvantageofdecentralizationisthatsomemanagersmaybemakingmajordecisionseventhoughtheylackexperience.第8题Downsizingtypicallycausesthespanofcontrolformanagerstobecomenarrower.第9题Inproductdepartmentalization,tasksandresponsibilitiesareseparatedaccordingtotypeofproductproduced.第10题Whencompaniesdepartmentalizebyfunction,theyarereferringtoemployeefunctions.TestforUnit6第1题Maslow'shierarchyofneedstheoryplacesesteemneedsbeforesocialneeds.第2题TheresultsoftheHerzbergstudysuggeststhatworkersbecomemoremotivatedwhentheyfeeltheyareallowedparticipate.第3题AccordingtoHerzberg'sjobsatisfactionstudy,thelackofadequateworkingconditionsandsalarywillleadtolowlevelsofjobsatisfaction.第4题

Empowermentismorespecificthanjobenlargementbecauseitfocusesonincreasedauthority,whereasjobenlargementmaynotnecessarilyresultinmoreauthority.第5题Internationalfirmscanusethesametechniquestomotivateemployeesineverycountrythattheyarein.第6题Theexpectancytheoryofmotivationsuggeststhatcompensationshouldbeequitableandinproportiontoeachemployee'scontribution.第7题

Reinforcementtheorysuggeststhatbehaviorcanbecontrolledbyhygienefactors.第8题

ATheoryXmanagerassumesemployeesarewillingtoworkanddesiremoreresponsibility.第9题

Ifmanagersrecognizeemployees'needs,theywillbebetterabletoofferrewardsthatmotivateemployees.第10题Whendeterminingmethodsforjobsatisfaction,it’sbestforcompaniestofocusononemethodinsteadofacombinationatonce.TestforUnit7第1题Thejobspecificationstatesthetasksandresponsibilitiesofthejob.第2题Thefirststepintherecruitingandselectionofemployeesistoassesseachapplicationtoscreenoutunqualifiedapplicants.第3题Bythetimethestepsforscreeningapplicantsarecompleted,theapplicationlistshouldbereducedtoasmallnumberofqualifiedcandidates.第4题Afirmthathascreatedamorediverseworkplacegainsbenefitssuchasmoreinnovativeemployees.第5题Stockoptionsareestablishedtobenefitemployees.Firmsdon’thavemuchtogainfromthem,andcanevenlosemoneybysellingthembelowcost.第6题Commissionsaremostcommonlyusedtocompensateworkersperformingjobswhereemployeeperformanceisdifficulttomeasure.第7题Employeesinvolvedinsalescommonlyreceivealargeproportionoftheircompensationintheformofannualbonuses.第8题Mostlow-levelmanagersreceivealargefractionoftheirtotalcompensationintheformofperquisites.第9题Whencreatingaperformanceevaluationform,supervisorsshouldnotinformemployeesofthecriteriabywhichtheywillberatedsinceitwilldistractthemfromtheirwork.第10题

Eventhoughnotallemployeesreactthesamewaytocriticism,supervisorsshouldtreatworkerswiththesamedeficienciesinaconsistentmanner.TestforUnit8第1题Milk,newspapers,soda,andchewinggumareexamplesofshoppingproducts.第2题Aproductlinetendstoexpandovertimeasafirmrecognizesotherneedsofconsumers.第3题Aproductmixthatcontainsseveralrelatedproductscanallowformoreefficientuseofsalespeople.第4题WhenWaltDisneyCompany,whichstartedbyproducingchildren'sfilms,beganofferingfilmsforadults,itwasdiversifyingitsproductmix.第5题Examplesofindustrialmarketproductsarecameras,clothes,andhouseholditems.第6题Penetrationpricingisaimedatcreatingtheimageofahigh-quality,distinctiveproduct.第7题Forproductsorservicesthataresubjecttoeconomiesofscale,thepriceshouldbesufficientlylowtoachieveahighsalesvolume.第8题Consumersareoftenloyaltotheirdentistorhairstylist,whichcausesthedemandtobecomeprice-elastic第9题TheproductmixmarketedbyBestfoodsInternationalinaspecificcountryisdependentonthecharacteristicsofthepeopleinthatcountry.第10题Theincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhoworkoutsidethehomeisanexampleofaneconomicfactorthataffectsthesizeofthetargetmarket.TestforUnit9第1题Adisadvantageofadirectchannelofdistributionisthattheproducermayhavetoincurexpensestopromotetheproduct.第2题Onethingthatdistinguishesagentsastheymatchbuyersandsellersofproducts,isthatagentsbecomeownersoftheproducts.第3题Seven-Elevenstoresareanexampleofafull-serviceretailstore.第4题Whenthewholesalerpurchasestheproductsfromthemanufacturerandsellsthemtoretailersoncredit,theretailernormallybearsthecreditrisk.第5题Whenmanufacturersselltocustomerswithoutusingmarketingintermediaries,theyareusingaone-levelchannelofdistribution.第6题Smallbusinessthatproduceproductswillgenerallyuseatwo-levelchannelofdistributionbecausethebusinessisnotwellknownandtheymustrelyonagents.第7题Intensivedistributionisusedforproductssuchaschewinggumandcigarettes.第8题Adisadvantagetoselectivedistributionisthatmanyoutletswillnotacceptsproductsifconsumersarenotlikelytopurchasetheproductattheoutlet.第9题Whenfirmsselltheirproductsdirectlytocustomerswithoutusingretailstores,theycanimprovetheirefficiency.第10题Pricingstrategiescaninfluencedistribution,butdistributioncannotinfluencepricingstrategies.TestforUnit10第1题Promotioncanbeusedtoincreasethevalueandmarketshareofafirm.第2题

Afirmshoulduseamixofpromotionmethods,notjustone.第3题Industryadvertisingandreminderadvertisingaretwocommonmethodsusedtoenhancetheimageofsomethingandtoinfluencealargenumberofconsumers.第4题Onceasalespersonhasidentifiedthetargetmarket,thenextstepistomakethesalespresentation.第5题Thereisnochargeforprovidinganewsrelease,butafirmincursacostforhiringemployeestopromoteit.第6题Whenfirmspromotetheirproductstowholesalersorretailers,theyareengaginginapullstrategy.第7题Displaysaresetupbyretailers,whosometimespayafeetofirmstodisplaypopularproducts.TestforUnit11第1题Allshareholderstakethetimetoanalyzethefirmsinwhichtheyinvest.第2题Publicaccountantsprovideaccountingservicestothefirmatwhichtheyareemployed.第3题Firmsrarelyusefinancialinformationdevelopedbyaccountantstosupporttheirdecisions.第4题Theaccountingequationisstatedas:Owner'sequity=Assets+Liabilities.第5题Accountspayablereflectsalesthathavebeenmadebythefirmforwhichpaymenthasnotyetbeenreceivedbythatfirm.第6题Ahighdegreeofliquiditycanenhancethefirm'ssafety,andanexcessivedegreeofliquiditycanincreasethefirm'sreturnoninvestedcapital.第7题Measuresofliquidityindicatetheperformanceofafirm'soperationsduringagiventimeperiod.第8题Ifafirm'sliquidityratioishigherthanindustryaverage,itmayindicatethe