浙江省宁波市奉化区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题（含答案）

第第页浙江省宁波市奉化区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题一、AChoiceofWalksforBeginnerandExperiencedWalkersTheCarlowAutumnWalkingFestivalisagreatopportunityforthebeginner,experiencedoradvancedwalkertoenjoythechallengesofCarlow'smountainhikesorthepeaceofitswoodlandwalks.Walk1—TheNaturalWorldWithenvironmentalistÉannaLamhnaastheguide,thiswalkpromisestobeaninformativetour.WalkersaresuretolearnlotsaboutthehabitatsandnaturalworldoftheBlackstairs.DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at09:00StartPoint:ScratoesBridgeWalkDuration:6hoursWalk2—IntroductiontoHillwalkingEmmanuelChappard,anexperiencedguide,hasapassionformakingthegreatoutdoorsaccessibletoall.Thismountainwalkprovidesaninsightintotheskillsrequiredforhillwalkingtoensureyougetthemostfromfuturewalkingtrips.DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at09:00StartPoint:DeerparkCarParkWalkDuration:5hoursWalk3—MoonlightUndertheStarsWalkingatnight-timeisagreatwaytostepoutofyourcomfortzone.BreathtakingviewsofthelowlandsofCarlowcanbeenjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguidesfromlocalwalkingclubs.Atorch(手电筒)alongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at18:30StartPoint:TheTownHallWalkDuration:3hoursWalk4—PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForestThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciplesofphotographyinthewild.Bringalongyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulviewsalongthiswell-surfacedforestpath.DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at11:45StartPoint:KilbrannishForestRecreationAreaWalkDuration:1.5hours1．Whichwalktakestheshortesttime?A．TheNaturalWorld.B．IntroductiontoHillwalking.C．MoonlightUndertheStars.D．PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest.2．WhatareparticipantsinWalk3requiredtodo?A．Wearproperclothes. B．Joinawalkingclub.C．Getspecialpermits. D．Bringasurvivalguide.3．Whatdothefourwalkshaveincommon?A．Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing.B．Theyareforexperiencedwalkers.C．Theysharethesamestartpoint.D．Theyarescheduledfortheweekend.二、BMostofustakethetaskofbuyingacupofcoffeeforgranted,asitseemssimpleenough.However,wehavenoideajusthowstressfultaskslikethiscanbeforpeoplewhosufferfromdisabilities.That'swhyit'ssoheart-warmingtoseeastorylikethisinwhichabarista(咖啡师)doessomethingsmalltomakelifealittleeasierforsomeonewhoisdeaf.IbbyPirachalosthishearingwhenhewasonlytwoyearsold,andhenowgoestohislocalcafeinLeesburg,Virginiatoorderacupofcoffeeatleastthreetimesaweek.Thoughallthebaristaswhoworktherehavehisordermemorized,Ibbyalwayswritehisorderonhisphoneandshowsittothebarista.Oneday,however,oneofthebaristasdidsomethingthatchangedeverything!AfterIbbyorderedhiscoffee,hewasamazedwhenbaristaKrystalpanehandedhimanoteinresponse."I'vebeenlearningsignlanguagejustsoyoucanhavethesameexperienceaseveryoneelse,"thenoteread.KrystalthenaskedIbbyinsignlanguagewhathewouldliketoorder.Ibbywastouchedthatshewouldlearnsignlanguagejusttohelphimfeelwelcome."Iwasjustsomovedthatsheactuallywantedtolearnsignlanguage.Itisreallyatotallydifferentlanguageanditwassomethingthatshewantedtodobecauseofme.BecauseIwasadeafcustomer.Iwasvery,veryimpressed,"Ibbysaid.KrystalhadspenthourswatchingteachingvideossothatshecouldlearnenoughsignlanguagetogiveIbbythebestcustomerservicethatshecould!"Myjobistomakesurepeoplehavetheexperiencetheyexpectandthat'swhatIgavehim,"Krystalsays.IbbypostedaphotoofKrystal'snoteonline,anditquicklywentviral,gettinghundredsoflikesandcommentsthatpraisedKrystalforherkindaction.4．WhatcanwelearnaboutIbbyPirachafromparagraph2?A．Hewasborndeaf. B．Helivesahardlife.C．Helovestoordertake-outfood. D．Hevisitsthecaferegularly.5．WhydidKrystallearnsignlanguage?A．ToserveIbbybetter. B．Toattractmorecustomers.C．TogiveIbbyabigsurprise. D．Tomakeherselfmorepopular.6．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeKrystal?A．Kindandconsiderate. B．Honestandresponsible.C．Sociableandhumorous. D．Ambitiousandsensitive.7．Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A．Twoheadsarebetterthanone. B．Asmallactmakesadifference.C．Onegoodturndeservesanother. D．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.三、CLaughtercomesinmanyforms,fromapolitechuckletoaninfectioushowlofamusement.ScientistsarenowdevelopinganAIsystemthatcancopyvariousformsoflaughteraccurately.Theteambehindthelaughingrobot,Erica,saythatthesystemcouldimprovenaturalconversationsbetweenpeopleandAIsystems.Dr.KojiInoue,leadauthoroftheresearchfromKyotoUniversity,highlightsempathy(共情)asacrucialaspectofconversationalAI,suggestinglaughtersharingasameansforrobotstoconnectwithusers.Toachievethis,Inoueandhisteamgathereddatafromover80speed-datingdialoguesbetweenmalestudentsandErica,initiallyoperatedbyamateuractors.Dialoguedatalabeledforindividual,social,andjoyfullaughterwasusedtotrainanAIsystemtoidentifyandproducefittinglaughterresponses.Basedontheaudiofiles,thealgorithm(算法)learnedtheirsubtledifferences,aimingtoimitatesociallaughssubtlyandheartylaughsempathetically."Ourbiggestchallengeinthisworkwasidentifyingtheactualcasesofsharedlaughter,"explainedInoue,emphasizingtheneedforcarefulcategorization.Erica's"senseofhumor"wastestedwithfourdialogues,integratingthenewshared-laughteralgorithm.ThesewerecomparedtocaseswhereEricadidn'tlaughoremittedsociallaughsupondetectinglaughter.Theclipswereplayedto130volunteerswhoratedtheshared-laughteralgorithmhighlyforempathyandnaturalness.Theteambelievedlaughtercouldimbuerobotswithuniquecharactertraits,includingconversationalbehaviorslikelaughter,eyegaze,gestures,andspeakingstyle.However,Inoueacknowledgeditcouldtakeover20yearstohavea"casualchatwitharobotlikewewouldwithafriend."ProfessorSandraWachter,oftheOxfordInternetInstituteattheUniversityofOxford,said,"OneofthethingsI'dkeepinmindisthatarobotoralgorithmwillneverbeabletounderstandyou.Itdoesn'tunderstandthemeaningoflaughter.Theyfailtofeel,buttheymightgetverygoodatmakingyoubelievetheyunderstandwhat'sgoingon."8．WhydoscientistsdeveloptheAIsystemthatcancopyvariousformsoflaughter?A．Tomakerobotssoundmorehuman-like.B．Tohelprobotsunderstandhumanemotionsbetter.C．Toenablerobotstohaveasenseofhumorlikehumans.D．ToenhancetheemotionalinteractionbetweenpeopleandAIsystems.9．WhatwasthechallengeInouefacedwhileworkingonthisproject?A．Creatinganalgorithmthatcangenuinelyfeelamusement.B．Identifyingthesituationswherelaughteristrulyunderstood.C．Distinguishingbetweendifferenttypesoflaughteraccurately.D．Collectingsufficientdatafortrainingthemachinelearningsystem.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"imbue"meaninParagraph5?A．Equip. B．Inspire. C．Engage. D．Influence.11．WhatisProfessorSandraWachter'sviewonlaughingrobots?A．Theyarenotcapableofcapturinghumanlaughter.B．Theycanimitatelaughterbutlackthoroughcomprehension.C．Itispossibleforthemtoplaytricksonhumansoccasionally.D．Itwilltakelongbeforehumanshavecomfortableconversationswiththem.四、DStudieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(机制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbetiring.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfromcompanieswe'vegotusedto.Thatiswhycompaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancecompaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.It'snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliarchoicesasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon'tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntocompaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.It'seasytopaintthefamiliarityprincipleasanenemyorsomethingtobattleasifitissomethingthatholdsusbackfromlivingourdreams.Butthisattitudemightbeoverwhelmingbecauseittendstoencourageustowardbig-picturethinking.Whereweimaginethatchangerequiresasubstantialdramatic(巨大而突然的)swingthatwedon'tfeelreadyfor.Somearticlessuggestthesolutiontofamiliarityfrustrationiscompleteexposuretonovelty(新奇的事物).Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.Sowhatifwecanworkwiththefamiliarityprincipleinstead?Familiarityissomethingwecanlearntoplaywithandenjoy.Itisasettingforcreativityandapathwaytoexpansion.Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourliestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromanever-deepeningpoolofvaluablealternatives.12．Whatallowsinsurancecompaniestochargeoldcustomersmore?A．Thefamiliarityprinciple. B．Theadvertisingcost.C．Theimprovedservice. D．Thelawofthemarket.13．Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A．Ourpreferencesaffectourdecisions.B．Therecanbeamismatchbetweendesiresandactions.C．Thefamiliarityprincipleisadouble-edgedsword.D．Familiaritytendstogeneratedisrespect.14．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthesolutioninsomearticles?A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Disapproving. D．Tolerant.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GentlyExpandYourFamiliarityZoneB．StepOutOfYourFamiliarityZoneC．SpareAThoughtForYourPreferenceD．GivePriorityToTheMereExposureEffect五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Livingwithotherpeoplecanbetough,especiallywheneachpersoncomesfromadifferentbackgroundandhastheirownideasabouthowtheywanttolive.Thoughhavingaroommatecanbechallengingattimes,itcanalsobeenjoyableandfun.16．Youcandiscussyourexpectationsaheadoftime.Gettogetherbeforeoronthefirstdayyoumoveintogetherandtalkaboutwhateachofyouneedsandwantsfromtheother.17．Thisappliestofinances,food,clothes,possessions,useofcommonareasandsoon.Youshouldagreetorespecteachother'sprivacy.Thisisespeciallysignificant.18．Forinstance,youmaynotmindifyourroommatecomesintoyourroomunannounced,buttheymightfindyoutobeveryrudefordoingso.Youshouldtalkaboutthesekindsofthingssothatyouknowwhattoexpectfromeachother.19．Sayhelloandgoodbye,askthemhowtheirdaywas,andshowinterestintheirlife.Gettingtoknowthepersonyoulivewithhelpsyouunderstandtheirperspective,andallowsthemtounderstandyours.Italsomakesiteasiertodealwithproblemsthatyouhavewiththatpersonifyou'vealreadydevelopedaharmoniousrelationshipwiththem.Youcanalsobeconsiderateofyourroommateinyourlife.Understandwhat'sgoingoninyourroommate'slife.Youshouldaimtobeflexibleandaccommodating.Yourroommatemayhaveabigtestcomingup.20．Ifyourroommateisbusyandstressedwiththeirjob,givethemsometimeandspacetorelaxandunwind.A.Youcanspendtimewithyourroommate.B.Youcandiscusseachofyourpreferencesforprivacy.C.Thisisyourbestchancetosetboundarieswithyourroommate.D.Makesurethateveryoneisclearontherulesandresponsibilities.E.Thisiswhatyoushouldknowtorespectyourroommate'sprivacy.F.Theninthiscaseyoushouldprobablybequietandletthemstudy.G.Thefollowingstepswillhelpyouliveinharmonywithyourroommate.六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MycatBoomwasgettingmorefleas(跳蚤).Oncloser21．,hisskinwasredandswollen(肿胀的).So,Icalledthevet'sofficeandmadea(n)22．togetBoomsomehelp.Thatmorning,Istartedtogethimintohiscarriertotakehimtothevet.Aswithmostcats,thistaskusuallytookalotoftimeandeffortto23．.Tomysurprise,Boomdidn't24．muchresistance(抵抗).Initially,Ilinkedthis25．directlytotheseverityoftheflea-causedsuffering.Lookingback,I'dliketobelieveitallpartofabigger26．.Uponarrivalatthevet,thevetimmediatelyexaminedhimand27．thathewasallergic(过敏的)tothesaliva(唾液)offleabites.Iwasgivensomemedicineandallseemedright.Suddenly,myphone28．urgently(急切地)withanincomingcall,andtomyshock,itwasthepoliceontheline,29．meofafireatmyhouse.Ihurriedhomeonlytoseesomefurniture30．acrosstheroombytheforceofanexplosion(爆炸).Afirefighterexplainedwhathebelievedhadhappened,includingthe31．oftheevent.Itturnedoutthefirestartedinoldwires.HewasconvincedthatifIhadbeenathome,I'dhavehadlittlechanceof32．.Hiswords33．asurgeoffeelingswithinme.Accordingtothetimelinethefirefightertoldme,thefirestarted34．afterBoomandIwenttothevettogether.Haditnotbeenforhisrarecooperation,I'dhavebeentrapped.Andifhehadn'thadanallergytofleabites,wewouldn'thavegonetothevet.So,I35．mylifetothosetiny,unwantedfleas.21．A．attention B．observation C．appreciation D．consideration22．A．appointment B．schedule C．decision D．difference23．A．evaluate B．design C．accompany D．achieve24．A．takeup B．putup C．takeon D．puton25．A．cooperation B．fight C．struggle D．harmony26．A．victory B．ambition C．plan D．trap27．A．included B．accepted C．complained D．concluded28．A．vibrated B．burst C．reported D．unlocked29．A．accusing B．reminding C．informing D．warning30．A．knocked B．lifted C．accelerated D．blown31．A．intensity B．timeline C．consequence D．impact32．A．promotion B．success C．survival D．death33．A．sparked B．reduced C．contained D．weakened34．A．constantly B．accordingly C．long D．shortly35．A．devoted B．sacrificed C．owed D．enhanced七、第二节语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Bodylanguageisimportantinourinteractionswithotherpeople.Itgivesusinformationabouttheirfeelings.Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguage36．(vary)fromculturetoculture.Itiscrucialthatweusebodylanguageinaway37．isappropriatetotheculturewearein.Forexample,makingeyecontactisawaytodisplayinterestinsomecountries.Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapproved38．.Thegesturefor"OK"hasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcountries.InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherperson39．(employ)thegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.InFrance,thesamegesturemeanszero.Eventhegesture40．(use)for"yes"and"no"byusdifferaroundtheworld.Inmanycountries,shakingone'sheadmeans"no",andnoddingmeans"yes".By41．(compare),inBulgariaand42．(south)Albania,thegestureshavetheoppositemeaning.Somegesturesseemtohavethesamemeaningeverywhere.43．goodwayofsaying"I'mfull"ismovingyourhandin44．(circle)aroundyourstomachafterameal.Somebodylanguagehasmanydifferentuses.Perhapsthe45．(good)exampleissmiling,whichcanhelpusgreatlyinmanyways.八、第一节应用文写作（满分15分）46．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jim所在的学校正在征集"智慧校园（SmartSchool）"方案。他打算参与这项活动，来信询问你对该方案的建议。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1.你的建议；2.说明理由。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearJim,I'mthrilledtoreceiveyourletterandeagertosharewithyoumyideasforasmartschoolplan.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua九、第二节读后续写（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Inourweeklystaffmeeting,oureditorAshleywasnotpleasedwiththequalityofourreporting."Ourreadershipiswaydown.WeneedbetterstoriesforthisThursday'sschoolnewspaper.Doesanybodyhaveanyideas?"shesaid.IhandedhermyarticleaboutourbasketballteambeatingDeerfieldHighSchoolthepreviousnightbyonepoint."Sportsstoriesarefun,"shesaid,"butnotgoodenoughforthefrontpage.Weneedsomethingtoreallygetpeople‘sattention."Afterourmeeting,weleftthenewsroomtogetherandheardsomeonescreaming,"Perryismissing!"Perrywasabigredparrotandhadbeenourschoolmascot(吉祥物)fortenyears.Heplayedanimportantroleinstudents'lives,bothinandoutofclass.Hehadalsobeenaconstantpresenceatschoolevents,inspiringasenseofunityamongstudents.EveryonegatheredaroundPerry'semptycage,heartbroken.Suddenly,astudentfromthecrowdcameoverandshowedmeaphoto."You'reareporterfortheschoolpaper,right?Ihappenedtotakethisyesterday,"hesaid.InthephotowasaDeerfieldHighSchoolbasketballplayerwithsomethinglargehiddenunderhisshirtaroundthesizeofaparrot."HemusthavestolenPerrytogetbackatusforwinningthegame!"Ashleycried.Wehurriedbacktothenewsroom,agreeingtorunthephotoonthefrontpagewiththeheadline"DeerfeldStolePerry.""Thisisjustthestoryweneed.Everyonewillreadit,"Ashleysaidconfidently.Aftersheleft,Itookacloserlookatthephoto.Theclockinthebackgroundread4:15pm,butourgameagainstDeerfieldhadn'tstarteduntil4:30pm.WhywouldtheboyhavetakenPerrybeforeweevenplayed?Anuneasyfeelingcameovermethatwemighthavefalselyaccusedsomeone.IwenttoPerry'susualcaretakertoaskifheknewPerrywasmissing."He'snotmissing.He'sretired.He'sreadyforsomequieterdays,"hesaid.Learningthetruth,IimmediatelytoldAshleyandsuggestedwritingastorytosaygoodbyetoPerry.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右:2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Tomysurprise,Ashleyinsistedonreportingthe"DeerfieldStolePerry"story._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________OnThursday,thepapercameoutwiththeheadline"Bye-Bye,Perry"onthefrontpage._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．A3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题一种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。1．细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方案中的"WalkDuration(步行时间)"部分比较可知，"Walk4—PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest(步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)"的步行时间是1.5小时，用时最短。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据"Walk3—MoonlightUndertheStars(步行3——星光下的月光)"部分中的"Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)"可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的"DateandTime(日期和时间)"部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D。【答案】4．D5．A6．A7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是Ibby的故事，Ibby是个聋哑人，他在买咖啡的时候遇到了一位服务员Krystal，Krystal告诉他，她正在学习手语，希望能够让Ibby拥有和其他人同样的购物体验。【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。4．细节理解题。根据第二段"IbbyPirachalosthishearingwhenhewasonlytwoyearsold,andhenowgoestohislocalcafeinLeesburg,Virginiatoorderacupofcoffeeatleastthreetimesaweek.(IbbyPiracha两岁时失聪，现在他每周至少三次去弗吉尼亚州利斯堡当地的咖啡馆点一杯咖啡。)"可知，IbbyPiracha经常去一家咖啡馆。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据第三段"AfterIbbyorderedhiscoffee,hewasamazedwhenbaristaKrystalpanehandedhimanoteinresponse."I'vebeenlearningsignlanguagejustsoyoucanhavethesameexperienceaseveryoneelse,"thenoteread.KrystalthenaskedIbbyinsignlanguagewhathewouldliketoorder.(在Ibby点了咖啡后，他惊讶地看到咖啡师KrystalPane递给他一张纸条作为回应。纸条上写道："我一直在学习手语，这样你就能和其他人有同样的体验。"然后Krystal用手语问Ibby他想点什么。)"可知，Krystal学习手语是为了更好地为Ibby服务，让他能和其他人有同样的体验。故选A。6．推理判断题。根据第三段"AfterIbbyorderedhiscoffee,hewasamazedwhenbaristaKrystalpanehandedhimanoteinresponse."I'vebeenlearningsignlanguagejustsoyoucanhavethesameexperienceaseveryoneelse,"thenoteread.KrystalthenaskedIbbyinsignlanguagewhathewouldliketoorder.(在Ibby点了咖啡后，他惊讶地看到咖啡师KrystalPane递给他一张纸条作为回应。纸条上写道："我一直在学习手语，这样你就能和其他人有同样的体验。"然后Krystal用手语问Ibby他想点什么。)"以及最后一段"IbbypostedaphotoofKrystal'snoteonline,anditquicklywentviral,gettinghundredsoflikesandcommentsthatpraisedKrystalforherkindaction.(Ibby在网上发布了克里斯托纸条的照片，并迅速走红，得到了数百个赞和评论，称赞krystal的善举。)"可知，Krystal之所以学习手语是为了让Ibby能和其他人有同样的体验，而人们也为她的善举点赞。所以可推测Krystal是个心地善良而又善解人意的人。故选A。7．主旨大意题。根据第一段"That'swhyit'ssoheart-warmingtoseeastorylikethisinwhichabarista(咖啡师)doessomethingsmalltomakelifealittleeasierforsomeonewhoisdeaf.(这就是为什么看到这样一个咖啡师做了一件小事让聋哑人的生活变得更轻松的故事是如此温暖人心。)"以及文章第四段"Ibbywastouchedthatshewouldlearnsignlanguagejusttohelphimfeelwelcome."Iwasjustsomovedthatsheactuallywantedtolearnsignlanguage.Itisreallyatotallydifferentlanguageanditwassomethingthatshewantedtodobecauseofme.BecauseIwasadeafcustomer.Iwasvery,veryimpressed,"Ibbysaid.(Ibby很感动，她会学习手语，只是为了让他感到受欢迎。"我很感动，她真的想学手语。这真的是一种完全不同的语言，她想做这件事是因为我。因为我是个聋子顾客。我非常非常印象深刻，"Ibby说。)"可知，文章主要想表达的是一个小举动却让Ibby印象深刻，并让他心里充满温暖。故选B。【答案】8．D9．B10．A11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款可以笑的机器人。【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和词义猜测题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。8．推理判断题。根据第一段"Theteambehindthelaughingrobot,Erica,saythatthesystemcouldimprovenaturalconversationsbetweenpeopleandAIsystems.(大笑机器人背后的团队Erica表示，该系统可以改善人与人工智能系统之间的自然对话。)"可知，科学家开发了一种可以复制各种笑声的人工智能系统，以增强人与人工智能系统之间的情感互动。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第四段"‘Ourbiggestchallengeinthisworkwasidentifyingtheactualcasesofsharedlaughter,'explainedInoue,emphasizingtheneedforcarefulcategorization.(Inoue解释道："我们在这项工作中最大的挑战是识别共同大笑的实际案例。"他强调了仔细分类的必要性。)"以及"Erica's‘senseofhumor'wastestedwithfourdialogues,integratingthenewshared-laughteralgorithm.ThesewerecomparedtocaseswhereEricadidn'tlaughoremittedsociallaughsupondetectinglaughter.(Erica的‘幽默感'通过四个对话进行了测试，整合了新的共享笑声算法。将这些与Erica在检测到笑声时不笑或发出社交笑声的情况进行了比较。)"可知，Inoue在这个项目中面临的挑战是确定笑声的情况是否真正理解。故选B。10．词义猜测题。根据第五段"Theclipswereplayedto130volunteerswhoratedtheshared-laughteralgorithmhighlyforempathyandnaturalness.Theteambelievedlaughtercouldimbuerobotswithuniquecharactertraits,includingconversationalbehaviorslikelaughter,eyegaze,gestures,andspeakingstyle.(这些片段被播放给了130名志愿者，他们对共享笑声算法的同理心和自然度给予了高度评价。研究小组认为，笑声可以imbue机器人独特的性格特征，包括大笑、眼神凝视、手势和说话风格等对话行为。)"可推测，这里表示笑声可以赋予机器人独特的性格特征，所以猜测imbue表"使……具备"的意思。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段"OneofthethingsI'dkeepinmindisthatarobotoralgorithmwillneverbeabletounderstandyou.Itdoesn'tunderstandthemeaningoflaughter.Theyfailtofeel,buttheymightgetverygoodatmakingyoubelievetheyunderstandwhat'sgoingon.(我要记住的一件事是，机器人或算法永远无法理解你。它不理解笑的含义。他们没有感觉，但他们可能会非常善于让你相信他们了解发生了什么。)"可知，SandraWachter认为会笑的机器人可以模仿笑声，但缺乏全面的理解能力。故选B。【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了心理学中的"纯粹接触效应"（熟悉性原则）如何影响人类决策，指出人们虽会被新奇事物短暂吸引，但最终倾向于选择熟悉的事物，甚至为此忍受不良体验。作者批判了将熟悉性原则视为阻碍、试图通过彻底拥抱新奇来突破的极端思维，转而提出与其对抗熟悉性，不如主动拓展其边界——通过渐进式调整环境与条件，将熟悉性转化为创造力与个人成长的跳板，从而在稳定与探索间找到平衡。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。12．细节理解题。根据第一段"Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(机制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbetiring.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfromcompanieswe'vegotusedto.Thatiswhycompaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancecompaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones."研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，把注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会很累。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选A。13．推理判断题。根据第二段"It'snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliarchoicesasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon'tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntocompaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships."这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系。可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,w