年安徽省中考英语二轮复习语法专项课件非谓语动词

非谓语动词

考点梳理英语动词根据它是否能用作谓语,可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词在句中可用作谓语,而非谓语动词则不能用作谓语,但可用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和动词的-ed形式,没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语和状语。考点一动词不定式

1.动词不定式结构动词不定式的基本构成是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式的否定形式由“not+to+动词原形”构成。2.动词不定式的句法功能用法说明例句作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,构成下列结构:Itis+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.【注意】在kind、good、nice、clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for,而用ofIt’simportant(forus)toprotecttheenvironment.(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。用法说明例句作宾语1.一些动词(词组)后只能用不定式作宾语,例如:want、wouldlike、wish、hope、help、learn、agree、manage、offer、plan、promise、refuse、can’twait、decide、choose、fail、afford等;2.find、think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置,构成“find/thinkit+adj.+todosth.”结构Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看电影吗?IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每天读英语很容易。续表

用法说明例句作宾语补足语1.后面接带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词(词组)有allow、want、wouldlike、ask、tell、encourage、expect、wish、get、warn等2.不带to的动词不定式也可以作宾补,其结构为:v.+sb.+(not)dosth.,这类动词有使役动词make、let、have等,以及感官动词see、watch、hear、feel等Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他调小收音机的音量。IoftenseeTomplayfootballafterschool.我经常看见汤姆放学后踢足球。用法说明例句作定语动词不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词之后,它与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系【注意】构成不定式的是不及物动词时,动词后一般不能省去介词Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有许多家庭作业要做。Weihaiisagoodplacetolivein.威海是一个居住的好地方。用法说明例句作状语不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要与主语一致Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。作表语作表语的不定式多数情况下可转化为主语Mydreamistobeascientist.=Tobeascientistismydream.我的梦想是当一名科学家。【注意】

不定式常和疑问词what、which、when、where、how连用构成不定式短语,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如:He

didn’t

know

where

to

go.(where

to

go=where

he

should

go)他不知道去哪里。【效果评估】一、单项填空1.[2025·福建改编]Wewillattendtheteafestivalinourtown

moreaboutteaculture.

A.learningB.tolearnC.learnedD.learnsB

2.[2025·天津]Thegovernmentisdevelopingnewplans

ancientbuildings.

A.protectB.toprotectC.protectsD.protectedB

二、根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空3.[2025·甘肃武威]Studentsareasked

(do)thistaskbythemselves.

4.Ifwewanttobegoodteamplayers,wemustlearn

(support)eachother.

5.Inorder

(notbe)lateforthecompetition,mysistergotupearlythismorning.

nottobe

tosupport

todo

6.Nowit’stimeforyou

(blow)outallthecandles.Happybirthday,Mary!

toblow

三、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词7.[2025·甘肃白银改编]计划时间就是节约时间。

timeisto

time.

8.对我们来说,均衡饮食是重要的。

importantforus

abalanceddiet.

to

have

It’s

save

To

plan

考点二动词的-ing形式(新课标只要求理解)用法说明例句作主语1.单个动词的-ing形式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;2.并列的动词的-ing形式作主语,谓语动词用复数形式Readingisanart.阅读是一门艺术。Readingandwritingarebothformsofart.阅读和写作都是艺术的形式。续表

用法说明例句作表语多数情况下可转化为主语Mymother’sjobisteaching.=Teachingismymother’sjob.我母亲的工作是教书。用法说明例句作宾语只能接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词(词组)有enjoy、finish、mind、practice、consider、suggest、imagine、avoid、beworth、keepon、feellike、havefun/trouble/difficulty/problemsin、giveup等Idon’tmindlisteningtothatstoryagain.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。作定语动名词放在名词前,作定语,说明该名词的功能或用途。例如:swimmingpool、livingroom、sleepingbag等Let’sjointhesinginggroup.让我们加入合唱队吧。用法说明例句作状语放在句首表示时间、条件或原因,放在句尾常作伴随状语Arrivinghome,Momgavemeahugfirst.回到家,妈妈先给了我一个拥抱。Thestudentsstepintotheschool,laughingandtalking.学生们有说有笑地走进学校。【注意】常见的既可接动词不定式又可接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语:(1)remember

to

do

sth.记得要做某事(未做)remember

doing

sth.记得做过某事(已做)(2)forget

to

do

sth.忘记要做某事(未做)forget

doing

sth.忘记做过某事(已做)(3)regret

to

do

sth.遗憾地(通知、告诉)regret

doing

sth.后悔做过某事(4)try

to

do

sth.努力做某事try

doing

sth.尝试做某事(5)mean

to

do

sth.计划做某事mean

doing

sth.意味着做某事(6)can’t

help

to

do

sth.不能帮助做某事can’t

help

doing

sth.情不自禁做某事(7)go

on

to

do

sth.接着去做某事(另一件事)go

on

doing

sth.继续做某事(同一件事)(8)stop

to

do

sth.停下来去做另一件事stop

doing

sth.停下正在做的事情【效果评估】一、单项填空1.[2025·黑龙江龙东地区改编]—HowdoyouimproveyourEnglishlisteningskills?—Ispendabouttwentyminutes

Englishvideoseveryday.

A.watchB.towatchC.watchingD.watchedC

二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空2.[2025·江苏镇江改编]Primaryschoolstudentscan’twait

(have)funindifferentwayswhenclassesareover.

3.[2025·甘肃兰州]Keepstudyinghardinthefuturebecause

(learn)isalifelongjourney.

learning

tohave

三、根据汉语意思及所给提示翻译句子4.花许多时间锻炼身体是很值得的。(beworthdoing)________________________________________________

5.做一个重大决定之前要仔细思考。(before)________________________________________________

Thinkitoverbeforemakinganimportantdecision.

Itiswellworthspendingmuchtimeexercising.

考点三动词的-ed形式(新课标只要求理解)用法说明例句作定语表示被动或完成Thereisabrokencup.这有一个碎掉的杯子。续表

用法说明例句作表语表示主语的主观感受She’sinterestedinpoems.她对诗歌感兴趣。作宾语补足语句子的宾语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)Wefoundthedoorlocked.我们发现门锁着。【注意】常见可接动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语的动词或短语有find、feel、hear、notice、see、smell、watch、listen

to、look

at等。【效果评估】一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.Aftertherainstorm,thegroundiscoveredwith_______

(fall)leaves.

2.[2025·黑龙江龙东地区]Nowadays,moreandmorecustomerspreferbuyingproducts

(make)inChina.

made

fallen

3.Ourgovernmenthasdonealottoprotecttheenvironment.Lotsof

(pollute)riversaremuchcleanernow.

polluted

二、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词4.与过去的定位系统相比,北斗定位系统更精准、更强大。

thepositioningsystemsinthepast,Beidoupositioningsystemismoreaccurateandpowerful.

Compared

with

5.[2025·广东广州]目前,许多老人使用智能手机有困难,需要被给予更多支持。Now,manyoldpeoplehavetroubleinusingsmartphones.Theyshould

moresupport.

6.由杨宇导演的电影《哪吒》获得了成功。ThemovieNe

Zha

YangYureceivedsuccess.

directed

by

be

given

强化练习一、根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分,满分10分)1.

(follow)inherparents’footsteps,SydneyMcLaughlin⁃Levronestartedrunningatanearlyage.

2.Moreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoy

(read)poems.

reading

Following/Tofollow

3.Thechildrendidalotofresearchinthelab__________

(finish)thescienceproject.

4.

(compare)withtraditionalcourses,onlinecoursesopenacompletelynewworldtous.

5.Thefiremenhadnochoicebut

(break)thewindow.

tobreak

Compared

tofinish

6.[2025·江苏连云港改编]Ateacherstartedan“APoemADay”program

(share)Chineseculturewiththeworld.

7.Sarahislookingforwardto

(learn)somethingaboutDunhuang.

8.[2025·四川泸州改编]It’snothealthy

(stay)uplate.You’dbettergotobedearly.

tostay

learning

toshare

9.[2025·四川眉山改编]Good

(eat)habitsareimportantforourhealth.Thatmeanswe’dbetterhaveabalanceddietandhavethreemealsontime.

10.[2025·黑龙江龙东地区]Thestudentsshouldfocuson

(listen)totheteacherinclass.

listening

eating

二、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词(每小题2分,满分20分)1.向他人学习并自我提升对我们极其重要。

othersandimprovingourselvesareimportantforus.

2.为了避免犯错,我们需要仔细阅读每一个问题。

makingmistakes,weshouldreadeachquestioncarefully.

To

avoid

Learning

from

3.那位62岁的女士足够勇敢,从湖里救起了一个小男孩。The62-year-oldladywasbraveenough

alittleboyinthelake.

4.多吃蔬菜和水果有助于人们保持健康。Eatingmorevegetablesandfruithelpspeople__________

.

fit/healthy

keep/stay

to

save

5.初中生有必要每天睡9