雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《Clinical Histology（汕头）》单元测试考核答案

第1题DuringthepreparationofaroutineH&Eslide,whichoneofthefollowingallowsthetissuetobevisualized?AFixationBEmbeddinginparaffinCStainingDSlicing第2题Whichmagnificationcannotbefoundintheobjectivelensofcompoundmicroscope?A4XB10XC100XD1000X第3题Whichmicroscopedoesnotrelyonvisiblelight?ASimplemicroscopeBCompoundmicroscopeCPhasecontrastmicroscopeDTransmissionelectronmicroscope第4题Insituhybridizationisahistologicaltechniqueusedtovisualizewhichtypeofthefollowingmacromolecules?AProteinsBCarbohydratesCCertainenzymesDNucleicacids第5题Wartsontheskinofhands,genitalsandelsewhereareduetotheinfectionwithhumanpapillomavirus(HPV)whichcausesthetypicalbenignproliferativegrowth.WhichoneofthefollowinghistologicalmethodsisoftenusedtodemonstrateHPVinfectionincells/tissues?AISHBHEstainingCSilverstainingDPASstaining第1题Aserosawouldbeformedbywhichofthefollowingepithelia?ASimplecuboidalBStratifiedsquamousCTransitionalDSimplesquamous第2题A46-year-oldmanhasa52-pack/yearhistoryofsmoking.Hecomplainsofmucusaccumulationandconstantcough.Inthepathologyreportofbiopsy,theepithelialliningofthetracheallumenisastratifiedsquamousepithelium.Whattypeofepitheliumnormallylinesthelumenofthetrachea?AStratifiedcolumnarepitheliumBTransitionalepitheliumCPseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepitheliumDSimplesquamousepithelium第3题Apatientcomplainspainintheabdomen.Itisdeterminedthatthepainwasaresultoflargesubstancespassingbetweencellsthatlinetheintestinallumendirectlyintotheunderlyingconnectivetissue.Whichtypeofjunctionwasabsentornotcompletelyfunctional?AMaculaadherensBTightjunctionCZonulaadherensDGapjunction第4题Microvilliareessentialcomponentsofepithelialcellsofthesmallintestine.Whichofthefollowingfunctionswouldbedefectiveresultingfromalackofmicrovillionepithelia?AStretchingBMovementCProtectionDAbsorption第5题Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristictypicalofsimplelayersofepithelia?AAllthecellsborderanopenlumenBAllthecellsfunctiontopreventabrasionCAllthecellsrestonabasementmembraneDAllthecellsarejoinedbyzonulaadherensTest-ConnectiveTissue第1题Macrophageswouldbemostabundantinwhichofthefollowingtissues?ADenseregularconnectivetissueBLooseconnectivetissueCBrownadiposetissueDDenseirregularconnectivetissue第2题Apathologistisexaminingatissuessectionwithanelectronmicroscope.HenoticesacellinconnectivetissuethathasaprominentGolgiapparatusandanucleuswithheterochromatinarrangedinaspokewheelfashion.Whichofthefollowingcelltypesisbeingobserved?APlasmacellBMacrophageCFibroblastDMastcell第3题Whichofthefollowingprovidesaprimarystructuralnetworkinhematopoieticorgans?AGlycosaminoglycansBCollagenfibersCElasticfibersDReticularfibers第4题Apatientsuffersfromanimmediatehypersensitivityreaction.Whichtypeofthefollowingcellsisresponsibleforthiscondition?APlasmacellBFibroblastCMastcellDMacrophage第5题Whichofthefollowingmicroscopicallybestcharacterizesbrownfatcells？ALackofmitochondriaBPeripheralflattenednucleusCMultipledropletsoflipidDAbundantRER第6题Elasticcartilageisfoundinwhichofthefollowingbodystructures?AIntervertebraldisksBEpiglottisCTrachealringsDCartilageatpubicsymphysis第7题Whichofthefollowingwouldbestcharacterizefibrocartilage?APresenceofaperichondriumBFoundattheepiphysealplateCRowsofchondrocytesDLarge,denselystainedterritorialmatrix第8题A6-year-oldboywithabnormalbleedingisfoundtohavealowplateletcount(thrombocytopenia).Whichofthefollowingwouldbemostimportanttoevaluateonexaminationoftheboy’sbonemarrowbiopsy?AIronstoresBMegakaryocytesCPlasmacellsDNeutrophils第9题Whichofthefollowingclinicalconditionsresultsfromreducedmitoticactivityofchondrocytesattheepiphysealplate?AChondroblastomaBChondromaCAchondroplasiaDChondromalacia第10题Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizeshyalinecartilage?ANoperichondriumBSinglechondrocytesCFoundbetweenvertebralbodiesDAbundantmatrix第11题Cessationofgrowthatwhichofthefollowingsiteswouldresultinnofurtherlongitudinalgrowthoflongbones?AEndosteumBPrimarycenterofossificationCSecondarycenterofossificationDEpiphysealplate第12题Abloodanalysisofyourpatientshowsanincreasedlevelofparathyroidhormone.Whichofthefollowingwouldresultfromincreasedlevelsofthishormone?AIncreasedmitot1CactivityofosteoprogenitorcellsBDecreasedserumcalciumlevelsCIncreasedboneformationDIncreasedserumcalciumlevels第13题Atwhichofthefollowingsitesinbonewouldyoufindosteoblastsduringactivedepositionofnewbonematrix?AHaversiancanalBLacunaCPeriosteumDSurfaceofbone第14题Boneofa75-year-oldmanshowsadecreasednumberofosteoblasts.However,thenumberofosteoclastsisgreatlyincreased.Thisindividual'sbonesareeasilyfractured.Whichofthefollowingdiseaseconditionswouldyouexpect?AOsteoporosisBOsteomalaciaCOsteopetrosisDOsteochondrosis第15题Inwhichofthefollowingbonesitesarecanaliculifound?APerichondriumBCompactboneCBonemarrowDNewlymineralizedbonematrixTest-Blood&Hematopoiesis第1题Whichofthefourbasictissuetypesdoesbloodbelongto?AEpitheliumBConnectivetissueCLymphoidtissueDNervetissue第2题Whichofthefollowingelementsdonotcontainanucleus?APlateletsBErythrocytesCLeukocytesDPlateletsanderythrocytes第3题Whichofthefollowingisagranulocyte?ANeutrophilBLymphocytesCMonocytesDReticulocyte第4题Whichofthefollowingcellisinvolvedinparasitesinfection?AABBCCDD第5题35-year-oldwoman'sphysicianorderslaboratorybloodtests.Herfreshbloodisdrawnandcentrifugedinthepresenceofheparinasananti-coagulanttoobtainahematocrit.Theresultingfractionsfromtoptobottomofthetubearewhichofthefollowing?ASerum,erythrocytes,andleukocytesBPlasma,erythrocytes,andleukocytesCSerum,leukocytes,anderythrocytesDplasma,leukocytes,anderythrocytes第6题Whichcellscomefromamegakaryocyte?ALymphocytesBMacrophagesCErythrocytesDPlatelets第7题Duringthedevelopingprocessofgranulocytes,whichofthefollowingoccurs?AThecellsincreaseinsizeBNucleiincreaseinsizeCNucleibecomelobulatedDMitoticactivityincreased第8题A23-year-oldmanpresentswithfever,breathlessnessandfatigue.AroutinetestsandbonemarrowbiopsyindicatethelymphocyticleukemiChemotherapyisadministeredtoremovethecancerouscells,whichalsodestroystheprecursorcellsoferythrocytes.Toreestablishtheerythrocyticlineage,whichofthefollowingcellsshouldbetransplanted?AReticulocytesBLymphoblastCMegakaryoblastsDBasophilicerythroblasts第9题Whichofthefollowingisnotconsidereda"formedelement"?ASerumBErythrocytesCPlateletsDLeukocytes第10题Whichofthefollowingistheleastabundantinaperipheralsmearofblood?ANeutrophilsBBasophilsCErythrocytesDLeukocytesTest-MuscleTissue第1题Whichofthefollowingistrueformammalianskeletalmuscle?ATropomyosinisabsentBTtubulesareabsentCTtubulesarelocatedattheZdiskDItpossessestriads第2题Theendomysiumisaconnectivetissueinvestmentthatsurrounds:AindividualmusclefibersBindividualmyofibrilsCmusclefasciclesDthinmyofilament第3题Whichofthefollowingistrueforcardiacmuscle?ATropomyosinisabsentBTtubulesareabsentCTtubulesarelocatedattheZdiskDItpossessestriads第4题SmoothmusclecellAhasnocaveolaeBpossessestriadsCpossessesasinglecentralnucleusDhasdyadsassociatedwithitscontraction第5题Givenamusclefiberatrest,thelengthofitsIbandis1.0μmanditsAbandis1.5μm.Contractionofthatmusclefiberresultsina10%shorteningofthelengthofsarcomere.WhatisthelengthoftheAbandwhenthemusclecontracts?A1.00μmB1.35μmC1.50μmD0.45μm第6题An18-year-oldmanandhismotherarrivedintheemergencydepartment.Theyoungmansaidthathewasforcedtopullhismotorbikeoverduetosuddenblurringofvision.Intheemergencydepartment,hecomplainedofnausea,haddifficultyinspeaking,swallowingfluids,andhadtroublebreathing.Hisparentscouldnotrecallanyrecenthealthupsetsforhim.However,theyreportedtheirsonspendedthepreviousweekendwithhisgrandparentsandconsumedalotofhomemadecannedvegetablesandsmokedfish.Physicalexaminationrevealeddiplopia,dysarthria,dysphonia,bilateralptosisandfacialparalysis,andimpairedgagreflex.Cerebrospinalfluid(CSF)analysisshowsthatproteinlevelsinhiscerebrospinalfluidwerenormal.Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelydiagnosisforhim?AStrokeaffectingthegenuoftheleftinternalcapsuleBMyastheniagravisCBotulismDGuillain-BarrésyndromeTest-NerveTissueandTheNervousSystem第1题WhichofthefollowingisNOTaglialcell?AAstrocyteBOligodendrocyteCSchwanncellDGanglion第2题Yourpatientreceivedbluntheadtraumathatresultedinmemorylossandintracranialswelling.Yoususpectthatcellsofthebrainwereextensivelydamaged.Whichofthefollowingcellsphagocytizethecellulardebriscreatedbyneuraldamage?AFibrousastrocytesBOligodendrocytesCProtoplasmicastrocytesDMicroglialcells第3题Whichoneofthefollowingwouldyoudeduceasbeingthestructurethatpreventstoxicmaterialsfromattackinganaxoninaperipheralnerve?APerineuriumBEndoneuriumCSchwanncellincisureDEpineurium第4题Whichoneofthefollowingcellsphagocytizedebrisduetoneuraldamage?AFibrousastrocytesBOligodendrocytesCProtoplasmicastrocytesDMicroglialcells第5题Duringearlybraindevelopment,myelinationofaxonsisacriticalevent.Whichofthefollowingcellsisresponsibleforthisimportantfunction？AFibrousastrocytesBProtoplasmicastrocytesCOligodendrocytesDSchwanncells第6题WhichofthefollowingreceptorsconsistsofconcentricconnectivetissueWithacentralaxon？AMerkel'sdiskBNeuromuscularspindleCMeissner'scorpuscleDPaciniancorpuscle第7题Whichofthefollowingisthemostcriticaleventinregenerationofaperipheralnerve?AHypertrophyofSchwanncellsBChromatolysisofthedamagedperikaryonCProliferationofSchwanncellsDPhagocyticactivityofmacrophages第8题WhichofthefollowingcellsofthePNSfunctionsequivalenttotheoligodendrocytewithintheCNS?AFibroblastsBSchwanncellsCMacrophagesDSatellitecells第9题Whichofthefollowingstructuresprimarilyfunctionstomonitorthedegreeofstretchofmuscles?AMerkel'sdiskBGolgitendonorganCMyoneuraljunctionDNeuromuscularspindle第10题WhichofthefollowingservetoallowCSFtoexitthesubarachnoidspace？AArachnoidVilliBChoroidplexusCArachnoidbarriercellsDVesselswithinthesubarachnoidspace第11题TissuefromtheCNSofan80-year-oldmanisexaminedbyelectronmicrocopy.Cellsinthistissuesamplehaveseveralresidualbodiesandlipofuscinwithintheircytoplasm.Whichofthefollowingcellsarebeingdescribed?AEndothelialcellsofcapillariesBAstrocytesCNeuronsDOligodendrocytes第12题Whichofthefollowingisaprimarycomponentorcharacteristicofasensoryganglion?AScatteredneuroncellbodiesBMultipolarneuronsCSynapticcontactsDPseudounipolarneurons第13题WhichOfthefollowingreceptorsconsistsofconcentricconnectivetissuewithacentralaxon？AMerkel'sdiskBNeuromuscularspindleCMeissner'scorpuscleDPaciniancorpuscle第14题Merkel'sdisksarefoundinwhichofthefollowingregions?ABetweensmoothmusclelayersintheintestineBStratumbasaleofskinCDermisoftheskinDSubmucosaoftheintestine第15题Whichofthefollowingstructuresprimarilyfunctionstomonitorthedegreeofmusclestretch?AMerkel'sdiskBGolgitendonorganCMyoneuraljunctionDNeuromuscularspindle第16题WhichofthefollowingcellsofthePNSisfunctionallyequivalenttotheoligodendrocytewithintheCNS?AFibroblastsBSchwanncellsCSatellitecellsDMacrophagesTest-CirculatorySystem第1题Whichofthefollowingisanimportantfunctionofmuscularartery?APrimarycontributortoregulateperipheralvascularresistanceBBringindeoxygenatedbloodfromtheperipherytotheheartCMinimizebloodpressuredifferenceduringventricularsystoleanddiastoleDAdjusttherateofbloodflowinginanorganbyvasoconstrictionorvasodilation第2题Whichofthefollowingistrueforventricles?ALocatedatthetopoftheheartBMyocardialcellshasnogapjunctionsCReceiveblooddirectlyfromthevenaecavaeandpulmonaryveinsDWallscontainPurkinjefibersoftherightandleftbranchesfromtheatrioventricularbundle第3题Theepicardiumisoneofthethreelayersoftheheart.ItisAcomposedofmodifiedcardiacmusclecellsBalsoknownasthevisceralpericardiumCcontinuouswiththeendocardiumDcapableofincreasingintraventricularpressure第4题Whichdescriptionistrueforpericytes?AAreassociatedwiththebasallaminaofcapillaryendothelialcellsBHasitsownbasallaminarthatisseparatedfromthecapillaryendothelialcellsCCannotdifferentiateDFormalayerofcellsjoinedbygapjunctions第5题Whichofthefollowingistrueforcontinuouscapillaries?AAbundantfenestrationsBMostcommoninbothbrainandmuscleCUnusuallyhavewidelumensDLackacompletebasementmembrane第6题A45-year-oldobesemanpresentswithcomplaintsoflowerlegpain.Itusuallyoccursafterhewalksforseveralminutesandisrelievedwithrest.Hehasnoothercomplaints.Hesmokestwopacksofcigarettesperday.Hisbloodpressureis160/80mmHg,pulseis85/min,andtherespiratoryrateis18/min.Whichofthefollowingtypesofvesselsismostlikelyinvolvedinthepathologicprocessofthepatient’ssymptoms?AArteriesBVeinsCArteriolesDVenulesECapillaries第7题A75-year-oldmanwasacceptedinthehospitalbecauseofangina.Hisserumcholesterolis280mg/dL(normal<200),LDLis160(normal<100),HDLis50(normal>35),andtriglycerides180(normal<150).Cardiaccatheterizationshowsanocclusionoftheleftanteriordescendingandtheoriginoftherightcoronaryartery.Whichoneofthefollowingdisordersinitiallyleadstothisdiseaseprocess?AMacrophageaccumulationBFormationofanintimalplaqueCAdditionofcollagenandelastinintunicaintimaDInjurytoendothelialcellsTest-EndocrineSystem第1题WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicoftheendocrinesystem?AProductssecretedintobloodBGlandswithoutductsCSecreteshormonesDFewcapillarieswithintheglands第2题WhichtypeofpapillaeonthetongueisthemostabundantanddoesNOTcontaintastebuds?AProteinBAminoacidchainCSteroidDCatecholamine第3题Whatcelltypesecretesgrowthhormone?AInterstitialcellsBThyrotropiccellsCSomatotropiccellsDCorticotropiccells第4题Amedicalstudentisstudyinghistologicslideofthepituitarygland.Henotesthecellsinaregionwithdifferentstainingcolor,andsomeofthemhaveabasophiliccytoplasm.Whichofthefollowinghormonesisreleasedfromthebasophilicstainingcells?AAntidiuretichormoneBProlactinCFollicle-stimulatinghormoneDOxytocin第5题A40-year-oldwomanisdiagnosedwithhyperthyroidism.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicswouldbeassociatedwithhercondition?AInadequatelevelsofiodineinherdietBWeightgainCFlattenedthyroidfollicularcellsDExcessiveproductionofT3andT4Test-DigestiveSystem第1题Whereisthemainsiteforabsorptionofnutrients?AStomachBSmallintestineCAscendingcolonDDescendingcolon第2题WhichtypeofpapillaeonthetongueisthemostabundantanddoesNOTcontaintastebuds?AFiliformpapillaeBCircumvallatepapillaeCFungiformpapillaeDFoliatepapillae第3题WhatistheoutermostlayeroftheGItractcalled?AMucosaBSubmucosaCMuscularisDAdventitia第4题Whattypeoftissuelinessmallintestine?ASimplesquamousepitheliumBSimplecuboidalepitheliumCSimplecolumnarepitheliumDStratifiedsquamousepithelium第5题A54-year-oldwomanpresentswithdysphagia.Anendoscopyexaminationforhergotatissueforbiopsy.Theresultsindicatednormalhistologicalfeature.Presenceofsubmucosalglands,skeletalmuscles.Whichofthefollowingadditionalfeaturesmightbefoundinthespecimen?ACiliaonthefreesurfaceofthecellBMucosalinedbystratifiedsquamousepitheliumCMucosalinedbysimplecolumnarepitheliumDProminentvilli第6题Whichofthefollowingistheexocrineportionofthepancreas?AsletsofLangerhansBAlphacellsCBetacellsDAcini第7题Whatstructureisinthemiddleofthehepaticlobule?AHepaticarteryBHepaticarteryCCentralveinDPortaltriad第8题Whatisthefunctionalunitoftheliver?AHepatocyteBPortaltriadCCentralveinDLobule第9题Thegallbladderof40-yearoldwomenwasremovedbysurgicaloperationforthestones.Biopsyofthegallbladderunderthemicroscopeindicatesthemucosalliningofthelumenofthegallbladderarenormal.Whichofthefollowingtypesofepitheliawasobserved?ASimplesquamousepitheliumBTransitionalepitheliumCPseudostratifiedcolumnarepitheliumDSimplecolumnarepithelium第10题Apathologistisexamininglivertissuesectionsofapatient.Henoteslargeaccumulationofglycogenwithinthecytoplasmofhepatocytes.Whichofthefollowingorganellesmightbethesitetosynthesizetheseglycogens?ARoughendoplasmicreticulumBSmoothendoplasmicreticulumCGolgiapparatusDPolyribosomesTest-RespiratorySystem第1题Whichofthefollowinghistologiccharacteristicsdistinguishesabronchuswithinthelungfromaprimarybronchus?AGlandsinthesubmucosaBPseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepitheliumCSmoothmuscleinthewallsDIrregularplatesofhyalinecartilage第2题A6-month-oldinfantwitha6-weekhistoryofnoisybreathingisbroughttotheclinic.Thenoisybreathinghasworsenedfollowinganupperrespiratoryinfection.Onexamination,theinfantisafebrile,hasacoarsewheezingsound,anddoesnotappeardistressed.Hersymptomsdidnotimprovewithaweekofbronchodilatortherapy.Whichofthefollowingisthemostprobablediagnosisforher?ALaryngomalaciaBTracheomalaciaCBronchiolitisDBronchialasthma第3题Whichofthefollowingisherlikelyanatomicaldefect?AEctodermBEndodermCParaxialmesodermDLateralplatemesoderm第4题A16-year-oldgirlpresentswithanosmiafollowinganupperrespiratorytractinfection.Mucosalscrapingfromherupperairwayrevealsdysfunctionalciliatedcellsinanotherwisenormalpseudostratifiedcolumnarepitheliumthatlacksgobletcells.Whichofthefollowingisthesourceofherdefectivecells?AEctodermBEndodermCVisceralmesodermDParietalmesoderm第5题An8-week-oldinfantpresentswitha3-weekhistoryofmildcough.Heiscurrentlyafebrileandhasnohistoryofanyrecentepisodesofchestinfection.Physicalexaminationwassignificantformildtachypneaandwheezing.AchestX-rayshowedanareaofopacitybehindthecardiacsilhouetteinthelowerareaofthelefthemithorax.ACTscanofthethoraxwithintravenouscontrastrevealedamass,withinaseparatepleuralinvestment,withnecrosisinthelowerlobeoftheleftlung.Italsorevealedtwoseparateaorticbranchesdirectedtowardthepulmonaryopacity.Hesubsequentlyunderwentsurgery,andtheanomaloustissuewasremovedbymassexcision.Histologicfindingsofthemassincludeduniformlydilatedbronchioles,alveolarducts,andalveoli.Whichofthefollowingisthepossiblediagnosis?ABronchogeniccystBIntralobarpulmonarysequestrationCExtralobarpulmonarysequestrationDBronchiolitisTest-UrinarySystem第1题Whichofthefollowingcellswithintheglomerulusformthefiltrationslits?APodocytesBMesangialcellsCJuxtaglomerularcellsDExtraglomerularcells第2题Whichofthefollowingarteriesmostdirectlyprovidesbloodtotheglomerulus?AEfferentarterioleBArcuatearteryCAfferentarterioleDInterlobularartery第3题UrinepassesfromtheBowman's(urinary)spaceintowhichofthefollowingstructures?ACollectingtubuleBMinorcalyxCCollectingductDProximalconvolutedtubule第4题Whichofthefollowingfeaturesiscommontothecalycesofthekidney,ureter,andurinarybladder?AResponsetoaldosteroneBAllowanceofwatertopassfromtheluminalcontentsCPossessionofmucousglandsinsubmucosaDLinedbytransitionalepithelium第5题Arenalbiopsyfroma48-year-oldwomanindicatesasegmentofthenephronlinedbysimplecuboidalepithelialcells,eachofwhichpossessesasinglecentralcilium.Theepitheliumlacksadiscretebrushborder.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesmighthavethemosteffectonthesegment?AAngiotensinIIBAldosteroneCParathyroidhormoneandAntidiuretichormoneDAldosteroneandAntidiuretichormone第6题A6-year-oldboypresentswithprogressingfacialpuffiness.Physicalexaminationrevealsmoderateperiorbitaledemaandbilateralmildpittingedemainbothupperandlowerextremities.Laboratoryinvestigationsrevealsevereproteinuria,hypoalbuminemia,andhypercholesterolemia.Whichofthefollowingmightbeanassociatedfindinginhim?Arenalplasmaflo