专题0Unit5课文预习填空重点单词重点句型语法讲解（寒假预习）（寒假预习讲义）

专题10必修第三册Unit5Whatanadventure！课文预习填空+重点单词+重点句型+语法讲解（寒假预习）【Understandingideas】ClimbingQomolangma:worththerisks?Lastyear,hundredsofpeoplespentgoodmoneyonanexperiencethattheyknewwouldincludecrowds(拥挤),disfort(fort)anddanger.Manywouldbeesick,duetotheextremecoldandlowairpressure(低气压),andafewwouldevenlosetheirlives(甚至丢掉性命).Yet,despiteallthis,bytheendofthetripmanywerealreadyplanningtoreturn.Forthesepeople,climbingQomolangmaisanexperiencelikenoother,making(make)somefeelweakandothers,powerful(powerful).BritishmountainclimberGeorgeMallorywroteofclimbingQomolangma,“Whatwegetfromthisadventureisjustsheerjoy(纯粹的快乐)...Wedonotlivetoeatandmakemoney.Weeatandmakemoneytobeabletoenjoylife.Thatiswhatlifemeansandwhatlifeisfor.”Sadly,Mallorywoulddieonthemountainin1924,althoughhisbodywouldnotbefound(find)untilmanyyearslater.ItisstillnotknownifhesucceededinreachingthetopofQomolangmabeforeittookhislife(夺走他的生命).In2011,wordssimilartothoseofMallorywerespoken(speak)byAmericanmountainclimberAlanArnette,whoclimbedQomolangmainthatyearandwasgoingtoclimbotherhighmountainsaroundtheworld.“Itbringsintofocus(使……成为焦点)what’simportanttoyou.”Headded,“Thereareathousandreasonstoturnaroundandonlyonetokeepgoing.Youreallyhavetofocusontheonereasonthat’smostimportantanduniquetoyou.Itforcesyoutolook(look)deepinsideyourselfandfigureoutifyoureallyhavethephysical,aswellasmental,toughness(tough)topushwhenyouwanttostop.”Withthemajorityofattempts(试图)toclimbQomolangmaresulting(result)eitherintotalsuccessorfailure(失败),istherealsoascientificreasonbehindthisrisktaking?Recentstudiesindicate(表明)thatrisktakingmaybepartofhumannature(人类本性),withsomeofusmorelikelytotakerisks(冒险)thanothers.Psychologist(心理学家)FrankFarleyhasspentyearsstudyingpeoplewhojumpoutofplanesanddrivefastcars,aswellasthosewhoclimbQomolangma.Hereferstothepersonalitiesofthesepeopleas“TypeT”,withthe“T”standingfor“thrill(惊险；刺激)”.Speaking(speak)expert...Times

aboutthe“TypeT”personalities,Farleysaid,“They’llsay,‘I’mnottakingrisks,I’manexpert...’Theydon’twanttodieandtheydon’texpecttodie(die).”Researchalsosuggeststhatourdesiretoseek(seek)riskscanbeconnectedtohowmuchweexpecttobenefitfromtheresult.Withthisinmind,arethebenefitsofclimbingQomolangmaworth(值得)therisks?It’stotallyuptoyou(取决于你).【Developingideas】TwentyThousandLeaguesundertheSea

In1866,aterribleseacreature(create)isseenbyseveralships.BiologistProfessorPierreAronnaxandhisservant(仆人),Conseil,joinashiptofindandkillthecreature.AfteralongjourneyintothePacificOcean,thecreatureisfinallyseen.Whileattacking(attack)fromtheship,AronnaxandConseil,alongwiththewhalehunterNedLand,fallintothesea,anddiscoverthatthe“creature”isactuallyasubmarine(潜水艇).Theyarecapturedandtakeninsidethesubmarine,wheretheymeetthemanincharge(负责),Captain(船长)Nemo.Aheadofitstime,thesubmarineisalsoasecretfromtherestoftheworld.Inordertokeepthissecret(保守这个秘密),CaptainNemotellshisthreenewestpassengersthattheyarenotpermittedtoleave(不被允许离开)thesubmarine.WhileNedLandcanthinkonlyofescaping,AronnaxandConseilarefascinatedby(被……迷住)theiradventuresinthenewunderwaterworld.Inthispartadaptedfromachapter(章节)bed...book,Aronnaxdescribestheexperienceofwalkingontheseabed...

Andnow,howcanIlookbackupontheimpressionleft(leave)uponmebythatwalkunderthewaters?Wordsarenotenoughtorelate(联系)suchwonders!CaptainNemowalkedinfront,oneofhismenfollowing(follow)somestepsbehind.ConseilandIremainedneareachother,asifanexchangeofwordshadbeenpossiblethroughourmetalcases.Inolongerfelttheweight(weigh)ofmyclothes,orofmyshoes,ofmyairsupply,ormythickhelmet(头盔),insidewhichmyheadshooklikeanut(坚果)initsshell.

Thelight,whichlitthesoilthirtyfeetbelowthesurfaceoftheocean,astonished(astonish)mebyitspower.Thesolarraysshonethrough(阳光穿透)thewaterymasseasily,andconsumed(消耗)allcolour,andIclearlydistinguished(看清；认出)objectsatadistanceofahundredandfiftyyards.Beyondthatthecoloursdarkened(dark)intofineshadesofdeepblue,andgradually(逐渐地)disappeared.Trulythiswaterwhichsurrounded(围绕；环绕)mewasbutanotherairheavierthantheEarth’satmosphere,butalmostasclear.Abovemewasthecalmsurfaceofthesea.Wewerewalkingonfine,evensand,notwrinkled(有褶皱的),asonaflatshore(平坦的海滩),whichkeepstheimpressionofthewaves.Thisdazzlingcarpet(地毯),reallyareflector,droveawaytheraysofthesunwithwonderfulintensity(强度),whichaccountedforthevibration(震动)whichpassedthrougheveryatomofliquid.ShallIbebelievedwhenIsaythat,atthedepth(deep)ofthirtyfeet,IcouldseeasifIwasinbroaddaylight(在大白天)?

(Adaptation(adapt)fromTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSeabyJulesVerne)知识精讲Part1：重点单词核心单词词性及含义词性转换固定搭配worth(adj.)有……价值的；值得的(n.)价值；用处worthy(adj.)值得的；配得上的worthwhile(adj.)值得做的◆beworth+名词/代词◆beworthdoingsth.值得做某事◆sthbeworthyofbeingdone/tobedone某物值得……◆itisworthwhiledoing/todosth做某事是值得的attempt(v.)试图；尝试；努力(n.)尝试；努力；试图attempted(adj.)企图的；未遂的◆attempttodosth.试图做某事◆makeanattempttodosth.尝试做某事astonish(v.)使惊讶；使吃惊astonished(adj.)感到惊讶的astonishing(adj.)令人惊讶的astonishment(n.)惊讶◆beastonishedat/bysth.对某事感到惊讶◆beastonishedtodosth.惊讶地做某事◆inastonishment惊讶地◆toone’sastonishment令某人惊讶的是◆考点跟踪练习◆请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。(2023・全国甲卷改编)Thebookiswellworth____________(read),soIremendittoallmyclassmates.答案：reading解析：考查worth的固定搭配，beworthdoingsth.为固定用法，意为“值得做某事”，主动形式表被动含义，故填reading。(2022・浙江卷改编)Itis____________(worth)ofyoutotakethetroubletohelpthedisabled;wealladmireyourkindness.答案：worthy解析：考查worth的词性转换，beworthyofsth.是固定搭配，意为“值得某事/配得上某事”，此处需填形容词worthy。(2021・天津卷改编)Theymadeanattempt________(climb)themountain,butfailedbecauseofthebadweather.答案：toclimb解析：考查makeanattempttodosth.是固定搭配，意为“尝试做某事”，故填toclimb。(2020・江苏卷改编)Noone____________(attempt)toescapefromtheburningbuilding,forthefirefightersarrivedintime.答案：attempted解析：考查attempt的词性转换和时态，句子缺少谓语动词，根据后文arrived可知用一般过去时，故填动词过去式attempted。(2023・山东济南模拟)Alltheaudiencewere____________(astonish)atthesinger'swonderfulperformancelastnight.答案：astonished解析：考查astonish的词性转换和固定搭配，beastonishedatsth.是固定搭配，意为“对某事感到惊讶”，修饰人用形容词astonished。(2022・湖北武汉模拟)Itwasan____________(astonish)achievementthathewonthefirstprizeintheinternationalpetition.答案：astonishing解析：考查astonish的词性转换，修饰名词achievement需用形容词，astonishing意为“令人惊讶的”，常用来修饰事物，故填astonishing。(2021・广东广州模拟)Toourgreat____________(astonish),thelittleboysolvedtheplexmathprobleminonlyfiveminutes.答案：astonishment解析：考查astonish的词性转换和固定搭配，toone's+名词是固定结构，意为“令某人……的是”，故填名词astonishment。(2020・四川成都模拟)What____________(astonish)memostisthathehaslearnedthreeforeignlanguagesbyhimself.答案：astonishes解析：考查astonish的词性转换和主谓一致，主语What指代单数概念，句子用一般现在时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，故填astonishes。(2023・河北石家庄模拟)Itisworthwhile_________(spend)sometimereadingEnglishaloudeverymorning;itwillimproveyourpronunciation.答案：tospend解析：考查固定搭配，Itisworthwhiletodosth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是值得的”，故填形容词tospend。(2022・安徽合肥模拟)Theprisonermadean____________(attempt)escape,buthewascaughtbythepolicesoon.答案：attempted解析：考查attempt的词性转换，此处修饰名词escape需用形容词，attempted作形容词时意为“企图的；未遂的”，符合语境，故填attempted。Part2：重点句型【根据汉语提示完成句子】1.WiththemajorityofattemptstoclimbQomolangmaresultingeitherintotalsuccessorfailure,istherealsoascientificreasonbehindthisrisktaking?攀登珠穆朗玛峰的大多数尝试要么大获全胜，要么彻底失败，这一冒险行为的背后是否有科学解释？【核心结构】with复合结构本句中with复合结构的完整形式为：with+宾语+宾语补足语

宾语：themajorityofattemptstoclimbQomolangma（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的大多数尝试）

宾语补足语：resultingeitherintotalsuccessorfailure（要么完全成功，要么彻底失败）

逻辑关系：宾语attempts和补足语result是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式作宾补。这个with复合结构在句中作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句：BecausethemajorityofattemptstoclimbQomolangmaresulteitherintotalsuccessorfailure...【核心用法总结】一、with复合结构的基本公式：with+宾语(名词/代词)+宾语补足语宾补可以根据宾语和宾补的逻辑关系，选择不同形式，具体分为以下5种：宾补形式适用条件（逻辑关系）例句现在分词(doing)宾语与宾补是主动关系，且动作正在进行Withtheboyleadingtheway,wefoundthevillageeasily.男孩带路，我们轻松找到了村子.过去分词(done)宾语与宾补是被动关系，且动作已完成Withhishomeworkfinished,hewentouttoplay.作业完成后，他出去玩了。不定式(todo)宾语与宾补是主动关系，且动作尚未发生Withalotofworktodo,Ican'tgoshoppingwithyou.有很多工作要做，我不能和你逛街。形容词(adj.)表示宾语的状态或特征Hesleptwiththewindowopen.他开着窗户睡觉。副词(adv.)表示宾语的位置或状态Withhersonaway,shefeltlonely.儿子不在身边，她感到孤单。二、with复合结构的句式功能作状语（最常用）：可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等，如原句表原因。作定语：修饰前面的名词，放在名词后。eg.Thegirlwithasmileonherfaceismysister.（脸上带着微笑的女孩是我妹妹）三、注意事项with复合结构中，宾补不能用谓语动词，必须用非谓语动词或其他词性的词。当with复合结构表伴随或方式时，可省略with，变成“宾语+宾补”的独立主格结构。eg.Themeetingended,thediscussionfinished.（会议结束，讨论也随之收尾）2.Learningfirstaidishelpfulbeforeyougoonanadventure!在你开始一次冒险之前，学习急救是有帮助的！【核心结构】动词作主语本句中动名词短语Learningfirstaid作主语，表示“学习急救知识”这个抽象的动作或行为，在句中作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式，本句中对应is。该句可改写为同义句（不定式作主语）：Tolearnfirstaidishelpfulbeforeyougoonanadventure!但动名词作主语更侧重动作的普遍性、习惯性，不定式作主语更侧重动作的具体性、一次性。【用法总结】动名词作主语的用法主要用法：动名词（v.ing）作主语，本质是将动词名词化，表动作或行为的概念，主要用法如下：直接作句子主语，谓语动词一律用单数形式。eg.Readingisagoodwaytobroadenyourhorizons.（阅读是拓宽视野的好方法。）用it作形式主语，动名词后置，目的是避免句子主语过长导致头重脚轻，结构：Itis+adj./n.+doingsth.常见形容词/名词有nogood,nouse,useless,fun,awasteoftime等，eg.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.（覆水难收。）动名词短语作主语，结构：动名词+宾语/状语构成短语作主语，整体视为单数。eg.Takingexerciseregularlyisbeneficialtoourbody.（规律锻炼有益身体健康。）二、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别对比维度动名词作主语不定式作主语语义侧重表习惯性、普遍性的动作表具体性、一次性的动作或未发生的动作句式结构可直接作主语；可用于Itisnouse/gooddoing可直接作主语；可用于Itisadj.(for/ofsb.)todo例句对比Runningismyfavoritesport.跑步是我最喜欢的运动→习惯Torunintheparktomorrowsoundsgreat.明天去公园跑步听起来不错→具体动作三、注意事项动名词的逻辑主语可以用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格表示，放在动名词前：eg.Hisinglatemadetheteacherangry.（他迟到让老师生气了。）某些动词短语的动名词形式作主语时，短语结构保持不变：eg.LookingforwardtoyourreplyiswhatIdoeveryday.（期待你的回复是我每天都做的事。）◆考点跟踪练习◆请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。(2023・新课标Ⅰ卷)Withthecrisis________(settle)peacefully,allthepeopleinthetownsighedwithrelief.答案：settled解析：考查with复合结构的非谓语动词。宾语crisis与settle为被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词settled作宾语补足语。(2022・浙江卷)________(spend)toomuchtimeonlineisharmfultoyourhealth,whichisawarningfromdoctors.答案：Spending解析：考查动名词作主语。此处需要主语来表达“上网时间过长”这个动作，故用动名词形式Spending。(2021・天津卷)Itisnouse________(argue)withhimaboutthematter,forheisverystubborn.答案：arguing解析：考查it作形式主语和动名词的固定搭配。“Itisnousedoingsth.”为固定句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语arguingwithhimaboutthematter。(2020・江苏卷)Withalotofwork________(do),Ihavetocanceltheplanoftravelingthisweekend.答案：todo解析：考查with复合结构的非谓语动词。宾语work与do为逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作尚未发生，故用不定式todo作宾语补足语，表示将来的动作。(2023・山东潍坊模拟)________(expose)tosunlightfortoolongwilldoharmtoyourskin.答案：Beingexposed解析：考查动名词的被动式作主语。句子主语表示“被暴露在阳光下”这个被动动作，故用动名词的被动形式Beingexposed。(2022・湖北武汉模拟)Itisimportantthatwe________(keep)abalanceddietinourdailylife.答案：(should)keep解析：考查it作形式主语和虚拟语气。“Itisimportantthat...”句型中，that从句的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。(2021・广东广州模拟)Withtheteacher________(help)me,IamsureIcanworkoutthedifficultmathproblem.答案：helping解析：考查with复合结构的非谓语动词。宾语teacher与help为主动关系，且动作正在进行，故用现在分词helping作宾语补足语。(2020・四川成都模拟)________(learn)aforeignlanguagewellrequirespatienceandperseverance.答案：Learning解析：考查动名词作主语。此处需要主语表达“学好一门外语”这个动作，故用动名词形式Learning。(2023・北京海淀模拟)Itisreportedthatanewhospital________(build)inourcitynextyear.答案：willbebuilt解析：考查it作形式主语和谓语动词的时态语态。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句；从句中hospital与build为被动关系，且时间状语为nextyear，故用一般将来时的被动语态willbebuilt。(2022・浙江杭州模拟)Withallthepreparations________(make),theyarereadytostarttheproject.答案：made解析：考查with复合结构的非谓语动词。宾语preparations与make为被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词made作宾语补足语。(2021・湖南长沙模拟)Itisawasteoftime________(play)putergamesalldaylong.答案：playing解析：考查it作形式主语和动名词的固定句型。“Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.”为固定搭配，it作形式主语，真正主语是动名词短语playingputergamesalldaylong。(2020・辽宁沈阳模拟)________(notfinish)thetaskontimewillleadtoseriousconsequences.答案：Notfinishing解析：考查动名词的否定式作主语。动名词的否定形式是在其前加not，此处表示“没有按时完成任务”这个动作，故填Notfinishing。(2023・福建厦门模拟)Withprices________(go)upallthetime,peoplefindithardtomakeendsmeet.答案：going解析：考查with复合结构的非谓语动词。宾语prices与goup为主动关系，且动作一直在进行，故用现在分词going作宾语补足语。(2022・上海浦东模拟)Itisnecessarythateverystudent________(obey)theschoolrulesandregulations.答案：(should)obey解析：考查it作形式主语和虚拟语气。“Itisnecessarythat...”句型中，that从句的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。(2021・安徽合肥模拟)________(attend)themeetingheldbythepanyisagreathonorforme.答案：Attending解析：考查动名词作主语。此处需要主语表达“参加公司会议”这个动作，故用动名词形式Attending。Part3：重点语法：过去将来时过去将来时核心考点一、结构构成（重点）1.肯定式：would+动词原形/was/weregoingto+动词原形（提示：was/were随主语人称和单复数变化，第一、三人称单数用was，第二人称及复数用were）eg.Hesaidhewouldfinishthetask./Shetoldmeshewasgoingtovisithergrandma.2.否定式：wouldnot+动词原形（缩写：wouldn't+动词原形）；was/werenotgoingto+动词原形（缩写：wasn't/weren'tgoingto+动词原形）eg.Hesaidhewouldn'tfinishthetask./Shetoldmeshewasn'tgoingtovisithergrandma.3.疑问式：Would+主语+动词原形？；Was/Were+主语+goingto+动词原形？回答对应肯否定形式eg.Wouldhefinishthetask?/Wasshegoingtovisithergrandma?二、核心用法（重点）1.表示从过去某一时间看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态（常用于宾语从句中，主句为过去时）★标志词：thenextday,thefollowingweek,soon,later等，需结合过去语境eg.Hetoldusthatthemeetingwouldstartthenextday.2.表示过去的意图、计划或安排（多用was/weregoingto+动词原形）eg.TheyweregoingtohaveapicniclastSunday,butitrained.3.表示过去习惯性的将来动作（多用would+动词原形，可与usedto互换，侧重“过去反复发生的将来倾向”）eg.Whenhewasyoung,hewouldwalktoschooleverymorning.三、易混点区分（难点）1.与一般过去时的区分过去将来时：强调“从过去看未来”，动作在过去视角下尚未发生一般过去时：强调“过去某时发生的动作”，动作在过去已完成eg.HesaidhewouldgotoBeijing.（过去看未来，当时尚未去）/HewenttoBeijingyesterday.（过去已发生的动作）2.与将来进行时的区分过去将来时：立足过去视角描述未来的动作（状态不确定，可表意图、计划或客观将来）将来进行时：立足现在视角描述未来某时正在进行的动作（侧重动作的持续状态）eg.Shesaidshewouldcallme.（过去视角的未来动作）Shewillbecallingmeat8o'clocktomorrow.（现在视角的未来持续动作）◆考点跟踪练习◆用括号内动词的适当形式填空1.(2022・全国乙卷改编)Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplane____________(take)off.答案：hadtaken解析：bythetime+一般过去时从句是过去完成时的标志性结构，强调主句动作发生在从句动作之前，即“飞机起飞”发生在“到达机场”之前，符合“过去的过去”的时间逻辑，故用过去完成时had+过去分词。2.(2021・浙江卷改编)Look!Thenewbridgeacrosstheriver____________(build)byagroupofskilledworkersnow.答案：isbeingbuilt解析：look是现在进行时的标志词，主语thenewbridge与动词build为被动关系，需用现在进行时的被动结构am/is/arebeing+过去分词，主语为单数，故填isbeingbuilt。3.(2020・天津卷改编)Hepromisedthathe____________(buy)meanewmobilephoneasmybirthdaypresentthenextmonth.答案：wouldbuy解析：主句promised为一般过去时，从句中的thenextmonth是过去视角下的将来时间，需用过去将来时，结构为would+动词原形，故填wouldbuy。4.(2023・山东临沂模拟)Mybrother____________(study)inthisuniversityforthreeyears,andhewillgraduatenextsummer.答案：hasstudied解析：forthreeyears是现在完成时的标志，强调动作从过去持续到现在，主语为单数，故用现在完成时has+过去分词。5.(2019・全国Ⅰ卷改编)YesterdayI____________(meet)anoldfriendofmineinthesupermarketbyaccident.答案：met解析：yesterday是一般过去时的标志性时间状语，描述过去发生的一次性动作，故用动词的过去式met。6.(2022・江苏南京模拟)Thesportsmeeting____________(hold)inourschoolattheendofthismonthiftheweatherisfine.答案：willbeheld解析：attheendofthismonth是一般将来时的标志，主语thesportsmeeting与hold为被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动结构willbe+过去分词。7.(2021・北京卷改编)At9o'clockthiseveningI____________(watch)amoviewithmyfamilyinthecinema.答案：wil