《机器视觉与机器学习应用》课件-走进机器视觉

机器视觉与机器学习应用Applications

of

Machine

Vision

and

Machine

Learning走进机器视觉Machinevision课

程

导

入

CourseIntroduction陈

雨ChenYu主讲教师

Teacher课

程

导

入CourseIntroduction*

二维码是如何被瞬间识

别的?ThisQRcode

is

instantly

recognized?走进机器视觉Machinevision主讲教师

Teacher陈

雨ChenYu走进机器视觉Machinevision*

它又是如何“看见”目

标

的

?how

does

it

'see'the课

程

导

入CourseIntroductiontarget?课

程

导

入CourseIntroduction机器视觉Machinevision走进机器视觉

Machinevision知识目标Knowledgegoals技能目标Skill

goals素养目标Accomplishmentgoals走进机器视觉Machinevision学

习

目

标Learningobjectives*

在汽车制造车间，

一台装配机器

人正在快速安装零件。In

the

automobile

manufacturing

workshop,an

assembly

robot

is

quickly

installing

parts.*

它通过摄像头捕捉零件位置，精准完成组装，误差不超过0.1毫米。

Itcapturesthepositionofpartsthrough

acameraandaccuratelycompletestheassemblywithanerrorofno

morethan

0.1mm.智能工厂的“火眼金睛”The"sirarpeys"ofsmartfactories案例导入Case

introduction收银台前，顾客将商品二维码对准

扫描仪，“嘀”

一

声完成支付。Infrontofthecheckoutcounter,the

QRcodeofthe

product

is

pointedatthescannerandthepayment

iscompletedwithasoundof

"beep".这是机器视觉的识别应用，通过解码

二

维

码

信

息

实

现快

速

交

易。This

isthe

recognitionapplicationofmachinevision,whichenables

FasttransactionsbydecodingQRcode

information.超市扫码的“秒识别”"Quickrecognition"codeinsupermarket案例导入Case

introduction相关知识Relevantknowledge机器视觉是利用相机等传感器，配合机器视觉算法赋予智能设备人眼的功能，从而进行物体的识别、定位、测量、检测等功能。Machine

visionusescamerasandothersensors,in

conjunction

with

functions

of

human

eyes

of

smart

devices

given

by

machine

vision

algorithms,so

as

toperform

object

recognition,positioning,measurement

anddetection.相关知识Relevantknowledge机器视觉的定义Definitionofmachinevision安全可靠

Safeand

reliable重复性

Repeatability客观性

Objectivity成本较低

Lessexpensive机器视觉的特点Characteristicsofmachine

vision相关知识Relevantknowledge效率高Highefficiency特点Characteristics精准性

Precision20世纪70年代中期Mid-1970sMIT

人工智能实验

室正式开设“机器

视觉”课程MIT

artificialintelligencelaboratory

officially

openedthe"Machine

Vision"course.1977年1977David.Marr

提出

了著名的Marr视觉理论David

Marrproposed

thefamous

Marr

vision20世纪50年代1950s开展二维图像的

统计模式识别研究Researchonstatistical

patternrecognition

of

2D1965年1965开创了三维视觉

研究Research

of

three-

dimensional

vision机器视觉的发展过程Developmentprocessofmachinevision相关知识Relevantknowledge国外Overseasimagestheory1998-2002年1998-2002中国也开始了研发

机器视觉设备China

also

began

to

developmachine

visionequipment1990-1998年1990-1998开始逐步发展起来

Began

to

developgradually机器视觉的发展过程Developmentprocessofmachinevision相关知识Relevantknowledge国内Domestic相关知识Relevantknowledge相机Camera镜头Lens光源Lightsource光源、镜头

(定焦镜头、变倍镜头、远心镜头、显微镜头)、相机

(包括CCD相机和COMS相机)、图像处理

软

件、系统集成等

几

个

部

分

。Lightsource,lens(Fixedfocuslens,zoomlens,telecentriclens,microscopehead),camera(includingCCDcameraandCOMScamera),imageprocessingsoftware,systemintegrationand

other

parts.机器视觉系统组成Compositienefmachinevisionsystem*

即将目标的重要特征显现出来，而同时将

不需要的特征抑制掉，最终形成对处理过

程最佳的图像效果。That

is,to

show

the

important

features

of

the

target,while

suppressing

unnecessary

features,Finally

forming

the

best

image

effect

for

the

processing

process.*主要目的是使重要特征和非必要特征产生最大的对比度。InThe

main

purpose

isto

maximizethe

contrast

between

important

features

and

unnecessary

features.相关知识Relevantknowledge光源The

Lightsource*

用于聚集光线使目标能够在相机CCD或者

COMS上呈现出清晰的图像。Used

to

gather

light

so

that

the

target

can

present

a

clear

imageonthe

camera

CCDor

COMS.As

an

imaging

device.*

作为成像器件，通常要与相机、光源配合使

用

。It

is

usually

used

together

with

camera

and

light

source.相关知识Relevantknowledge镜头Lens*

它将光学图像转化为模拟/数字图像，再

将相应的信号传输给图像处理系统。It

captures

converts

the

optical

image

into

analog/digitalimage,and

then

transmits

the

corresponding

signal

to

the

image

processingsystem.相关知识Relevantknowledge*

属于图像采集单元。

It

is

an

image

acquisition

unit.工业相机Industrialcamera*根据实际需求所设计的一套处理被测物体图像的算法。InA

set

ofalgorithmsfor

processing

the

image

of

themeasured

object

designed

accordingtothe

actual

needs.*

这是并输出相关的系统逻辑运动控制信号，属于机器视觉的核心。And

the

related

system

logic

motion

control

signals

are

output;they

are

the

core

of

machine

vision.相关知识Relevantknowledge图像处理系统Imageprocessingsystem定位测量通过码别工具进行方案设计用于识别物体自动识别

Automaticobject图像自动解释

Automaticimage

interpretation医学领域Medicalfield机器视觉的应用领域Application

fields

of

machine

vision相关知识Relevantknowledge机器视觉

应用领域Application

Fieldsof

machine

vision自动驾驶

AutonomouS

driving智能安防Intelligentsecurity人机交互

Man-machine

interaction工业视觉Industrialvision虚拟现实

Virtual

Reality*定位应用就是机器视觉系统能够快

速

准

确

地找到被测零件并确认其位置，确保元件

的正确装配。Thepositioningapplicationis

that

the

machinevisionsystemcanquicklyandaccuratelyfindthepartundertestandconfirm

its

positionto

ensurethecorrectassemblyofthecomponents.

knowledge识ant知lev关Re相定位应用Positioningapplication*将元件放入货盘中或从货盘中拾取元件；

Place

components

into

or

pick

up

componentsfrom

pallets;*对输送带上的元件进行包装；Packagethe

elementson

the

conveyor

belt;

knowledge识ant知lev关Re相定位应用Positioningapplication*

对元件进行定位和对位，以便将其与其他

部件装配在一起；Position

and

align

the

elements

to

fit

them

with

other

components;*

将元件放置到工作架上；Place

the

elements

onto

the

work

frame;或者将元件从箱子中移走等。Or

remove

the

elements

from

box,etc.

knowledge识lev关Re相定位应用Positioningapplication*

一维码、二维码的解码Decoding

of

one-dimensional

and

two-dimensional

codes*直接部件标识(DPM)

Direct

part

marking(DPM)*光学字符识别

(OCR)Optical

character

recognition(OCR)*

光学字符验证

(OCV)Optical

character

verification(OCV)lknowledge识ant知Re相识别应用Recognitionapplication*

获取信息：制造商名称、产品标识、批号、几乎

任何成品都使用的唯一序列号。Getinformation:manufacturername,productidentification,lot

number,uniqueserial

numberused

in

any

Finishedproduct.相关知识Relevantknowledge识别应用Recognitionapplication二维码的识别Recognitionof

QR

codes相关知识Relevantknowledge测量应用Measurementapplication尺寸检测Dimensional

detection

常见的测量应用Commonmeasurement

applications容量检测Capacitydetection预设标记的测量Measurementofpresetmarkers*在测量应用中，机器视觉系统通过计算物品上两个或

以上的点或几何位置之间的距离来进行测量，然后确定这些测量结果是否符合规格。In

measurement

applications,machine

vision

system

takesmeasurements

by

calculating

the

distance

between

two

or

more

points

or

geometric

locations

on

an

item,and

then

determinewhether

those

measurements

meet

specifications.

knowledge识lev关Re相测量应用Measurementapplication如果不符合，视觉系统将向机器控制器发送一个未通

过信号，进而触发生产线上的不合格产品剔除装置，

将该物品从生产线上剔除。Ifitdoesnotconform,thevisionsystemwill

send

afail

signal

tothe

machine

controller,which

inturntriggersthe

non-conforming

productrejectiondeviceontheline

and

removes

the

itemfrom

the

line.

knowledge识lev关Re相测量应用Measurementapplication*

颜

色和缺陷检测，零件或组件的有无检测，目标位

置和方向检测等。Coloranddefectdetection,presenceorabsencedetectionofpartsorcomponents,target

positionand

direction

detection,

etc.相关知识Relevantknowledge检测应用Detectionapplication检测Rerection*检测液体制剂的灌装液位Detect

the

filling

level

of

liquid

preparations*

瓶体内杂质及封盖质量Impurities

in

the

bottle

and

capping

quality*

尺寸不合格的胶囊Capsuleswith

unqualifiedsizes

knowledge识ant知lev关Re相应用：在医药行业Application:ln

the

pharmaceutical

industry检测应用Detection

application*疫苗瓶口缺陷Vaccine

bottle

mouth

defects*

医药产品的外包装打码效果Coding

effect

of

outer

packaging

of

pharmaceutical

products*