06年中考英语二轮复习语法专项突破课件（安徽）专题八动词和动词短语

专题八动词和动词短语动词和动词短语

考点一

实义动词

1.及物动词和不及物动词

分类功能及用法示例实义动词及物动词(vt.)本身含有实在意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语可以接宾语afford买得起enjoy喜欢

不及物动词(vi.)不可以直接接宾语arrive到达fall落下

不及物动词要想接宾语，必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。She

died

of

hunger.她死于饥饿。2.延续性动词和非延续性动词

分类意义示例延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用drink喝

fly飞

wait等

lie躺着play玩

read读

sing唱

work工作

stand站

keep保持非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一发生便立即结束。非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用buy买

begin开始

close关闭

come来die死

marry结婚

open打开start开始

arrive到达

leave离开Mozart

manypiecesofbeautifulmusic.That’swhyheissofamous.

A.enjoyed

B.created

C.bought

D.heard［解析］句意：莫扎特创作了许多美妙的音乐作品。这就是他如此出名的原因。enjoyed“享受”；created“创作”；bought“购买”；heard“听到”。根据“...

many

pieces

of

beautiful

music.

That’s

why

he

is

so

famous.”可知，莫扎特是因为创作音乐作品而出名。［答案］B考点二

系动词

功能常用词示例(1)本身有词义(2)不能单独作谓语(3)后加表语(4)说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份状态系动词：beI

am

happy.我很高兴。持续系动词：keepKeep

silent.保持安静。表象系动词：seemHe

seems

very

sad.他看起来很难过。感官系动词：look，sound，taste，smell，feelSounds

good.这听起来不错。变化系动词：turn，get，becomeIt’s

getting

hot.天气越来越热了。—Whichcoatdoyouprefer？—Theblackone.It

morecomfortable.

A.tastes

B.smells

C.feels

D.sounds［解析］句意：——你更喜欢哪件外套？——黑色的那件。它摸起来更舒服。tastes“尝起来”；smells“闻起来”；feels“摸起来，感觉”；sounds“听起来”。根据语境可知，此处是在描述外套摸起来的感觉，所以应该用feels。［答案］C考点三

助动词

功能用法示例(1)本身无意义或意义不完整(2)不能单独作谓语(3)必须和其他动词一起连用(4)帮助构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等助动词be+现在分词：进行时I’m

working.我正在工作。助动词be+过去分词：被动语态The

room

is

cleaned.房间已经打扫过了。助动词have/has/had+过去分词：完成时I

have

cleaned

it.我已经打扫过了。助动词will/would/shall+动词原形：将来时He

will

go

to

school.他将会去上学。助动词do/does/did+动词原形：否定句、疑问句I

don’t

know.我不知道。Do

you

know？你知道吗？We

anydrink.You’dbetterbuysomefruitandvegetablesatthesupermarket.

A.needn’t

B.don’tneedto

C.don’tneed

D.notneed［解析］句意：我们不需要任何饮料了。你最好在超市买一些水果和蔬菜。need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作实义动词时，后接名词、代词或不定式，否定形式要借助助动词don’t/doesn’t等。根据“We

...

any

drink.”可知，need后接名词drink，说明need在这里是实义动词，其否定形式要借助助动词don’t，即don’t

need。［答案］C考点四

情态动词

功能常用词示例(1)有一定词义(2)不能单独作谓语(3)必须加主要动词(4)不表示动作或状态，仅表说话人的态度can(could)，may(might)，must，haveto，shall(should)，will(would)，need(needed)，dare，oughtto等I

can

swim.我会游泳。You

should

sit

here.你应该坐在这里。—IsMikecomingtothefashionshowtomorrow？

—I’mnotsure.He

come.

A.must

B.can

C.may

D.should［解析］句意：——Mike明天会来时装秀吗？——我不确定。他可能会来。must“必须，一定”；can“可以，能够”；may“可能，也许”；should“应该”。根据“I’m

not

sure.”可推知，Mike可能会来，may表推测。［答案］C考点五

动词短语

1.动词短语的构成

类型示例动词+介词knock

at敲

go

over仔细检查

deal

with处理

hear

from收到……来信动词+介词+名词keep

in

mind牢记；记住某事

go

to

bed上床睡觉动词+副词set

off出发

hand

in上交

find

out查明；弄清动词+副词+介词catch

up

with赶上

keep

away

from远离动词+名词take

place发生；举行

take

care小心；警惕

make

progress取得进步动词+名词+介词make

fun

of取笑

take

part

in参加

pay

attention

to注意2.常见动词短语

come短语come

across偶然遇见，偶然发现

come

out出版，发表；出现come

along出现，跟随；进展

come

over来访，拜访

come

on加油；快点come

true(梦想等)实现

come

back回来；恢复get短语get

up起床；起身；站起

get

over从……中恢复；克服get

on进展；上(车、船等)

get

off下(车、船等)；下班；(使)离开；(使)动身get

ready

for为……做准备

get

together相聚give短语give

up放弃

give

off发出(光、热等)

give

in屈服，让步give

away捐赠

give

out分发go短语go

off(警报器等)突发巨响；停止运作

go

on继续

go

away离开go

by从旁经过；时间流逝

go

over仔细检查

go

up上升；增长go

out出去；熄灭

go

after追求，追赶

go

down下降；倒下have短语have

a

look看一看

have

a

rest休息

have

a

cold感冒have

confidence

in对……有信心

have(an)interest

in对……感兴趣keep短语keep

off使不接近，回避

keep

in

touch

with和……保持联系keep

away

from远离

keep

up

with赶上

keep

on继续

keep

out防止进入look短语look

at看

look

up查阅；向上看

look

back回顾

look

through浏览look

for寻找

look

around环顾

look

after照顾

look

over查看，检查make短语make

up组成；化妆；编造

make

a

decision作出决定

make

the

bed铺床make

a

difference有作用；有影响

make

a

promise作出承诺make

friends

with和……交朋友put短语put

up张贴；搭建

put

away把……收起来

put

on穿上

put

down写下；放下put

back放回(原处)

put

out熄灭

put

off延迟；推迟take短语take

off脱掉；起飞

take

out取出，拿出

take

up占据；学着做；开始做take

in吸收；吸入；吞入

take

down拆除；往下拽；记下；记录take

away拿走，带走；解除；消除

take

after(长相、举止或性格)像take

on呈现，具有(特征、外观等)

take

over接收，接管(企业、公司等)take

back退回；收回，撤回(说过的话)think短语think

of想起，记得

think

out认真考虑；想出

think

over仔细考虑；慎重思考

think

through充分考虑；全盘考虑；想透

think

up想出；虚构think

back回想起Don’tworryaboutme.Ican

myself.

A.lookat

B.lookfor

C.lookout

D.lookafter［解析］句意：别担心我。我能照顾好我自己。look

at“看”；look

for“寻找”；look

out“小心”；look

after“照顾”。根据“Don’t

worry

about

me.”可知，是能照顾好自己。［答案］D1.(2025·安徽)—Thanksalotforyesterday.Ihadagoodtimevisitingtheancienttown.—Itwasmygreatpleasureto

withyou.

A.hangoutB.turnaroundC.lookupD.eatinA

2.(2025·安徽)Paper⁃cuttingisnoteasytolearn.It

muchpractice，patienceandimagination.

A.explainsB.supportsC.providesD.requires3.(2025·达州)—Nowweneedtocomeupwithaplantotellpeopleaboutourbooksales.—Ithinkwecould

sign.

A.putoffB.putupC.putinB

D

4.(2025·达州)—WhenanearthquakehitYinchuan’sJinfengDistrict.GuoQing，ahighschoolstudent，helpedaclassmatewhowasdisabled.—Heiskindandbrave.Everyonetakes

inhim.

A.prideB.proud

C.similarA

6.(2025·武汉)—Ilovegeographyandmypartnerisgoodatmath.—Nowonderyoutwo

thebestschoolmapdesign.

A.workedoutB.lookedforC.heardofD.putaway5.(2025·遂宁)—Helen，

thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.

—OK，Mr.Smith.Igotit.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turnupD.turndown